OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanisms of Qingre Lidan Jiedu Recipe (QLJR) for improving cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load. METHODS: Seventy-five male SD rats were randomized into normal control group, model group, QLJR group, penicillamine (PCA) group, and QLJR+ PCA group. Except for those in the control group, all the rats were fed a high-copper diet for 12 weeks. The effects of the treatments on cognitive function of the rats were assessed using the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests. Hippocampal expressions of NIX, FUNDC1 and LC3 of the rats were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, and changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Behavioral tests showed prolonged target hole latency, shortened latency to enter the dark chamber, and increased error counts of the rats in the model group, which were significantly improved in QLJR+PCA group; the error counts were significantly lower in QLJR+PCA group than in either QLJR or PCA group. Among all the groups, the hippocampal expressions of NIX and FUNDC1 were the lowest and LC3 I/II expression the highest in the model group; NIX and FUNDC1 expressions were significantly higher and LC3 I expression was lower in QLJR+PCA group than in QLJR group and PCA group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed weakened NIX and FUNDC1 expressions and enhanced LC3 expression in the hippocampus of the rats in the model group as compared with those in the normal control and QLJR+PCA groups, but their expressions did not differ significantly between QLJR and PCA groups. The rats in the model group showed obvious structural disarray of the mitochondria, which were improved in all the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS QLJR improves cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load possibly by regulating mitophagy.
Animals ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Copper/toxicity* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Hippocampus/drug effects* ; Cognition Disorders/drug therapy* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced*

Objective:To establish the fingerprint of the intermediate of Dalitong Granules; To control its quality with QAMS method.Methods:Gradient elution was performed by HPLC on Wondasil C18 superb column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 0.02% acetonitrile - acetic acid aqueous solution, gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 325 nm and the injection volume was 10 μl. The column temperature was 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Chemical recognition patterns were combined for analysis, and QAMS method was used for content determination.Results:Through methodological investigation, the fingerprint of Dalitong Granule Extract had good repeatability. The 10 batches of Dalitong Granule Extract could be divided into 3 categories through clustering analysis and principal component analysis. The relative correction factors of four components in Dalitong Granule Extract were established. Compared with external standard method, the established QAMS method has higher reliability.Conclusion:The established fingerprint and QAMS method can be used for the quality control of Dalitong Granule Extract.

As one of the practitioners in the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the period of the Republic of China,Lingnan medical practitioner Zhang Gongwen was a learned person in studying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and widely made friends with those people who were interested in TCM,aiming to inherit TCM.Zhang Gongwen was experienced in paracticing TCM and was quite accomplished.He popularized and developed TCM by setting up the New Chinese Medicine Training Center,renewing the Guangdong Meixian School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,establishing journals,and running the sanatoriums.He was a good physician with years of clinical experience and cared for the patients,reaching the medical goal of serving people's health.He spread medical knowledge and cultivated medical talents by compiling and publishing a number of TCM textbooks and setting up correspondence course.He was a promising figure who actively explored the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine during the period of the Republic of China,by examing TCM and advocating science,trying to integrate the essence of western medicine into TCM,thus to make TCM be more specific and scientific.Zhang Gongwen contributed all his efforts to the continuation and development of TCM in Lingnan during the hard times of TCM,and was a precious medical talent at that time.

Abstract: To explore the relationship between the replication-associated bromodomain protein 4 ( BRD4)and human papillomavirus (HPV) 16(HPV16) viral load in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and CIN Ⅰ tissues , confirm the effects of BRD4 degradation agent MZ1 on viral load . Methods : Thirty HPV16-positive cervi- cal cancer specimens and 30 non-cervical cancer specimens were collected , and the viral load of the samples was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR , and the expression of BRD4 was analyzed by immunohisto- chemistry and Western blot. Results : The viral load was higher in the samples of cervical cancer group than in the samples of non-cancer group , the difference is statistically significant ( P < 0. 01) . Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of BRD4 were significantly higher in cervical cancer specimens than in noncancerous specimens , the difference is statistically significant (P < 0. 05) . BRD4 expression was significantly and positively correlated with high viral loads , the difference is statistically significant (P < 0. 001) . the BRD4 degradation agent MZ1 significantly reduced the viral load , the difference is statistically significant (P < 0. 01) . Conclusion BRD4 may be involved in the replication of HPV16 virus , and BRD4 degradation agent MZ1 can inhibit the replication of HPV16 virus .

Objective:To investigate the application value of antegrade splenic superior region dissection first in laparoscopic total gastrectomy of obesity gastric cancer.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 21 obesity patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy in Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from July 2018 to October 2023 were collected. There were 16 males and 5 females, aged (58±13)years. All 21 patients underwent laparoscopic total gastrec-tomy with antegrade splenic superior region dissection first. Observation indicators: operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, laparotomy conversion, intraoperative splenic hemorrhage or gastric hemorrhage, lymph node dissection, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postoperative initial liquid food intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complication. Measure-ment data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and count data were expressed as absolute numbers. Results:All 21 patients underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy success-fully, with the operation time of (283±47)minutes, time for splenogastric ligament and vascular manage-ment of (34±12)minutes, volume of intraoperative blood loss of (143±86)mL, and no laparotomy conversion. There was no intraoperative splenic hemorrhage or gastric haemorrhage. The total number of lymph node dissected in 21 patients was 375, with the number of lymph node dissected as (21±9)per case. Time to postoperative first flatus, time to postoperative initial liquid food intake and duration of postoperative hospital stay in 21 patients were (3.1±0.7)days, (4.0±0.8)days and (10.1±3.0)days, respectively. There were 2 patients with postoperative complications, including 1 case of incision infection and 1 case of lung infection. The 2 patients with postoperative com-plications were recovered and discharged after conservative treatment. There was no death during the postoperative 30 days.Conclusion:The application of antegrade splenic superior region dissec-tion first in laparoscopic total gastrectomy is safe and feasible, which can reduce surgical difficulty.

Objective:To identify the potential intracranial inflammation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD) patients without supratentorial MRI lesions using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).Methods:Seventy NMOSD patients and 35 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (NC) underwent QSM, 3D-T 1, diffusion MRI from Beijing Tiantan Hospital during June 2019 to June 2021. Susceptibility was compared among NMOSD patients with acute attack (ANMOSD), NMOSD patients in chronic phase (CNMOSD) and NC. The correlation between susceptibility in several brain regions and the cerebrospinal fluid levels of inflammatory makers were analyzed. Results:NMOSD patients showed different susceptibility in several brain regions including bilateral hippocampus, precuneus, right cuneus, putamen, superior parietal and inferior temporal ( P<0.001) and the posr-hoc showed it is higher than normal. Compared to CNMOSD patients, the ANMOSD patients showed increased susceptibility in the cuneus (0.009 ± 0.004 vs. 0.005 ± 0.004, P<0.05). There was significant positive correlations between susceptibility and CSF levels of sTREM2 which reflect the active of microglial cells ( r = 0.494, P<0.05). Conclusions:Despite the absence of supratentorial lesions on MRI, increased susceptibility suggests underlying inflammation in the cerebral cortex in both patients with ANMOSD and CNMOSD, and some of them are obviously related to inflammatory markers in CSF. QSM sequence can be used to explore the potential inflammation in NMOSD patients without obvious supratentorial lesions.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of different doses of compound sodium chloride injection combined with norepinephrine on prevention of hypotension after lumbar anesthesia in the patients undergoing caesarean section.Methods:A total of 150 patients with a singleton fetus, aged 18-45 yr, at ≥37 weeks of gestation, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with height ≥150 cm, weighing ≤100 kg, with body mass index < 40 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective caesarean section under lumbar anesthesia, were divided into 3 groups ( n=50 each) by the random number table method: compound sodium chloride injection 4, 8 and 12 ml·kg -1·h -1 groups (group A, group B, group C). Compound sodium chloride injection 4 ml/kg was intravenously injected for liquid preload before lumbar anesthesia, and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg was injected to the subarachnoid space for lumbar anesthesia. Norepinephrine was intravenously injected at a dose of 6 μg immediately after intrathecal injection, followed by an infusion of 0.05 μg·kg -1·min -1, and infusion was stopped at 5 min after delivery. Compound sodium chloride injection was intravenously infused simultaneously at a rate of 4, 8 and 12 ml·kg -1·h -1 in A, B and C groups, respectively. The maximum diameter of inferior vena cava (IVCmax) and the minimum diameter of inferior vena cava (IVCmin) were measured by ultrasound, and inferior vena cava collapse index (IVC-CI) was calculated at 1 min before fluid preload (T 1), immediately after fluid preload (T 2), at 5 min after anesthesia (T 3), at 5 min after fetal delivery (T 4) and immediately before leaving the operating room (T 5). The incidence of intraoperative adverse events (hypotension, severe hypotension, bradycardia, hypertension, nausea, and vomiting) and neonatal outcomes (umbilical artery blood gas index and Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth) were recorded. Results:Compared with group A, IVCmin was significantly increased and IVC-CI was decreased at T 5 in group B, and IVCmin and IVCmax were significantly increased and IVC-CI was decreased at T 5 in group C ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IVCmax, IVCmin and IVC-CI at each time point between group B and group C ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension, severe hypotension, bradycardia, hypertension, nausea and vomiting among the three groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the results of blood gas analysis of the umbilical artery and Apgar score at each time point after birth among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compound sodium chloride injection 4, 8 and 12 ml·kg -1·h -1 combined with norepinephrine can effectively prevent the occurrence of hypotension after lumbar anesthesia in the patients undergoing caesarean section without increasing maternal and infant adverse events, and the effect of 8 and 12 ml·kg -1·h -1 for volume supplementation is better than that of 4 ml·kg -1·h -1.

Objective:To analyze the implementation of early essential newborn care (EENC) in baby-friendly hospitals in China.Methods:This is an investigation carried out using convenience sampling method. People in charge of labor ward, obstetric wards or neonatology department of the selected hospitals, such as baby-friendly hospitals with birth facilities, primary or higher level of hospitals, or general hospitals or those specialized in obstetrics and gynecology or materal and child health care centers, were selected as the subjects of the survey. Information about EENC practices in these hospitals was collected using a self-designed questionnaire sent through WeChat from April 1 to 30, 2021. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 126 questionnaires were distributed and 124 (124 baby-friendly hospitals) were withdrawn. There were 74 hospitals in the eastern, 18 in the central and 32 in the western region. Among the 124 hospitals, tertiary hospitals, general hospitals, and maternity and child care hospitals accounted for 72.6% ( n=90), 64.5% ( n=80) and 35.5% ( n=44), respectively. There were no significant differences in the hospital type, levels, EENC coverage and training, or implementation of mainly recommended EENC practices among the hospitals in the eastern, central and western regions (all P>0.05). The implementation rate of at least one mainly recommended EENC practice was 79.0% (98/124) and there was no significant difference in the implementation rates among eastern, central and western regions [86.4% (64/74), 13/18 and 65.6% (21/32), χ2=6.60, P=0.159]. A total of 80 (64.5%) hospitals implemented 10 or more recommended EENC practices, and the implementation rates in eastern, central and western regions were 71.6% (53/74), 10/18 and 53.1% (17/32), respectively ( χ2=4.08, P=0.130). Among the 17 mainly recommended measures of EENC, in eastern, central and western hospitals, the implementation rates were 10.8% (8/74), 2/18 and 18.8% (6/32) for mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for 90 min after birth; 66.2% (49/74), 11/18 and 68.8% (22/32) for delayed umbilical cord clamping; and 25.7% (19/74), 7/18 and 21.9% (7/32) for delayed routine care following skin-to-skin contact, respectively ( χ2=6.57, 0.34 and 4.53, all P>0.05). Conclusions:There is a big gap between the implementation of EENC in most baby-friendly hospitals in eastern, central and western China and the recommendation of the World Health Organization. It is necessary to further strengthen and standardize the implementation of EENC practices in baby-friendly hospitals in our country to continuously improve the health of newborns.

Objective:To analyze the detection strategy and basic detection situation of markers of infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion in blood testing laboratories of blood stations in China.Methods:Based on the data of practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021, the data on the testing strategies and the basic detection information of the markers for the transmission of infectious diseases through transfusion in the member laboratories of the practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021 were collected, and the situation of the selection for testing markers, testing strategy and the testing method and other relevant aspects were sorted out and analyzed by charts.Results:The selection of the testing markers was consistent, but HTLV testing item was added in some member laboratories. The detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously was adopted in 47 member blood stations; 3) NAT method was dominated by mini pool-NAT in member laboratories. The number of members adopting mini-pools of 8 (MP8)-NAT decreased from 17 in 2017 to 14 in 2021, while the number of members adopting mini-pools of 6 (MP6)-NAT increased from 13 in 2017 to 22 in 2021; Roche NAT system accounted for the largest proportion.Conclusions:In order to ensure blood safety and avoid missing detection, the blood stations still adopt the detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously; Meanwhile, in order to increase the NAT positive rate, the proportion of mini pool-NAT mainly decreased year by year despite its dominating role, while the proportion of individual donation-NAT increased year by year; NAT method is transiting from mini-pools of 8 (MP8) to mini-pools of 6 (MP6); The proportion of imported NAT system used in NAT laboratory is relatively large.

Gene expression labeling and conditional manipulation of gene function are important for elaborate dissection of gene function. However, contemporary generation of pairwise dual-function knockin alleles to achieve both conditional and geno-tagging effects with a single donor has not been reported. Here we first developed a strategy based on a flipping donor named FoRe to generate conditional knockout alleles coupled with fluorescent allele-labeling through NHEJ-mediated unidirectional targeted insertion in zebrafish facilitated by the CRISPR/Cas system. We demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy at sox10 and isl1 loci, and successfully achieved Cre-induced conditional knockout of target gene function and simultaneous switch of the fluorescent reporter, allowing generation of genetic mosaics for lineage tracing. We then improved the donor design enabling efficient one-step bidirectional knockin to generate paired positive and negative conditional alleles, both tagged with two different fluorescent reporters. By introducing Cre recombinase, these alleles could be used to achieve both conditional knockout and conditional gene restoration in parallel; furthermore, differential fluorescent labeling of the positive and negative alleles enables simple, early and efficient real-time discrimination of individual live embryos bearing different genotypes prior to the emergence of morphologically visible phenotypes. We named our improved donor as Bi-FoRe and demonstrated its feasibility at the sox10 locus. Furthermore, we eliminated the undesirable bacterial backbone in the donor using minicircle DNA technology. Our system could easily be expanded for other applications or to other organisms, and coupling fluorescent labeling of gene expression and conditional manipulation of gene function will provide unique opportunities to fully reveal the power of emerging single-cell sequencing technologies.
Alleles ; Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; DNA End-Joining Repair ; DNA, Circular/metabolism* ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Gene Editing/methods* ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Loci ; Genotyping Techniques ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism* ; Integrases/metabolism* ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism* ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Zebrafish/metabolism*