Objective To explore and verify the active components of Dachengqi decoction in regulating autophagy and its mechanism of protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier through network pharmacology and animal experiments.Methods The chemical components and autophagy-related target points of Dachengqi decoction were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and GeneCards databases.The intersection of the drug target points and disease target points was taken and analyzed.The Cytoscape 3.10.2 software's Network Analyzer tool was used to analyze the drug components and target points,and the core target points were screened out to construct a traditional Chinese medicine compound regulatory network.The drug active component target point-disease network model and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network were visualized.Then,30 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the Dachengqi decoction group,the intestinal infection group,and the control group,with 10 mice in each group.The intestinal infection group was given 200 μL/d of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain by gavage for 5 consecutive days,with a colony count of 109 CFU/mL,to create an intestinal infection model.The control group was given 200 μL/d of sterile normal saline by gavage.The Dachengqi decoction group(drug composition:Rhubarb 12 g,Aurantii Fructus 12 g,Magnolia Officinalis 24 g,Mirabilite 9 g,the drugs were dissolved in boiling distilled water to make a 1 kg/L solution)was given by gavage at a dose of 8 g·kg-1·d-1 for 3 consecutive days,and then given Klebsiella pneumoniae by gavage for 5 consecutive days on the 4th day.Detection indicators and methods:after the experiment,the mice were sacrificed and the terminal ileum tissues were collected.The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE),and the pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa were observed under a light microscope;immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the positive expressions of junction proteins ZO-1,Claudin-2,light chain 3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ),and Beclin-1 and the intestinal mucosal autophagy;the mRNA expression levels of autophagy genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results The intersection of the obtained drug targets and disease targets yielded 111 potential autophagy-related targets for drug treatment of diseases.Key targets included β2-adrenergic receptor(ADRB2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),etc.,and the signaling pathways involved included AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway,mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway,etc.Animal experiments confirmed that the intestinal mucosal barrier function in the Dachengqi decoction group was better than that in the intestinal infection group,and the positive expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 lingt chain 3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)and autophagy gene Beclin1 was significantly higher than that in the intestinal infection group.Transcriptome sequencing results showed that the key genes associated with autophagy and oxidative stress included ADRB2,HO-1,etc.The mRNA expression levels of ADRB2 and HO-1 in the Dachengqi decoction group were significantly higher than those in the intestinal infection group[HO-1 mRNA expression(FPKM):11.20±0.80 vs.6.63±0.53,ADRB2 mRNA expression(FPKM):6.98±0.54 vs.3.98±0.32,both P<0.01],verifying some of the predictions from network pharmacology.Conclusions Dachengqi decoction regulates autophagy through multiple components,multiple targets and multiple pathways,protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier function and reducing the translocation of intestinal microbiota.This lays a certain foundation for further in-depth research on the mechanism of reducing intestinal bacterial translocation by Dachengqi decoction.

Objective:To develop and validate clinical predictive models for identifying poor short-term response to recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH) treatment in children with short stature.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 118 children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and two other hospitals between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2024. A poor response to rhGH was defined as a height increase of less than 0.2 standard deviation score(SDS) after 6 months of rhGH treatment. LASSO regression was used to identify predictive variables from baseline and follow-up data. Two logistic regression models were conducted: Model A(incorporating baseline variables only) and model B(incorporating both baseline and follow-up variables), and nomograms were created for visualization. External data and internal resampling were used for dual validation of the models, and their performance was compared.Results:A total of 118 children with short stature were included. Six baseline predictive variables(diagnosis, initial height SDS, bone age, bone age-chronological age difference, rhGH dose, and gender) and one follow-up variable(height SDS after 3 months of rhGH treatment) were identified. Area under the curve values for Model A and Model B were 0.753(95% CI 0.696-0.811) and 0.930(95% CI 0.891-0.975), respectively. Calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and other evaluation metrics demonstrated good discrimination and clinical utility for both models. Model B, incorporating the 3-month follow-up variable, showed superior predictive performance compared to Model A. Conclusions:The clinical prediction models developed in this study(Model A and Model B) are practical and reliable tools for quantitatively, conveniently, and intuitively identifying children with short stature at risk of poor response to rhGH treatment.

Objective:To develop and validate clinical predictive models for identifying poor short-term response to recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH) treatment in children with short stature.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 118 children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and two other hospitals between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2024. A poor response to rhGH was defined as a height increase of less than 0.2 standard deviation score(SDS) after 6 months of rhGH treatment. LASSO regression was used to identify predictive variables from baseline and follow-up data. Two logistic regression models were conducted: Model A(incorporating baseline variables only) and model B(incorporating both baseline and follow-up variables), and nomograms were created for visualization. External data and internal resampling were used for dual validation of the models, and their performance was compared.Results:A total of 118 children with short stature were included. Six baseline predictive variables(diagnosis, initial height SDS, bone age, bone age-chronological age difference, rhGH dose, and gender) and one follow-up variable(height SDS after 3 months of rhGH treatment) were identified. Area under the curve values for Model A and Model B were 0.753(95% CI 0.696-0.811) and 0.930(95% CI 0.891-0.975), respectively. Calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and other evaluation metrics demonstrated good discrimination and clinical utility for both models. Model B, incorporating the 3-month follow-up variable, showed superior predictive performance compared to Model A. Conclusions:The clinical prediction models developed in this study(Model A and Model B) are practical and reliable tools for quantitatively, conveniently, and intuitively identifying children with short stature at risk of poor response to rhGH treatment.

Objective To explore and verify the active components of Dachengqi decoction in regulating autophagy and its mechanism of protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier through network pharmacology and animal experiments.Methods The chemical components and autophagy-related target points of Dachengqi decoction were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and GeneCards databases.The intersection of the drug target points and disease target points was taken and analyzed.The Cytoscape 3.10.2 software's Network Analyzer tool was used to analyze the drug components and target points,and the core target points were screened out to construct a traditional Chinese medicine compound regulatory network.The drug active component target point-disease network model and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network were visualized.Then,30 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the Dachengqi decoction group,the intestinal infection group,and the control group,with 10 mice in each group.The intestinal infection group was given 200 μL/d of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain by gavage for 5 consecutive days,with a colony count of 109 CFU/mL,to create an intestinal infection model.The control group was given 200 μL/d of sterile normal saline by gavage.The Dachengqi decoction group(drug composition:Rhubarb 12 g,Aurantii Fructus 12 g,Magnolia Officinalis 24 g,Mirabilite 9 g,the drugs were dissolved in boiling distilled water to make a 1 kg/L solution)was given by gavage at a dose of 8 g·kg-1·d-1 for 3 consecutive days,and then given Klebsiella pneumoniae by gavage for 5 consecutive days on the 4th day.Detection indicators and methods:after the experiment,the mice were sacrificed and the terminal ileum tissues were collected.The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE),and the pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa were observed under a light microscope;immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the positive expressions of junction proteins ZO-1,Claudin-2,light chain 3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ),and Beclin-1 and the intestinal mucosal autophagy;the mRNA expression levels of autophagy genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results The intersection of the obtained drug targets and disease targets yielded 111 potential autophagy-related targets for drug treatment of diseases.Key targets included β2-adrenergic receptor(ADRB2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),etc.,and the signaling pathways involved included AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway,mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway,etc.Animal experiments confirmed that the intestinal mucosal barrier function in the Dachengqi decoction group was better than that in the intestinal infection group,and the positive expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 lingt chain 3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)and autophagy gene Beclin1 was significantly higher than that in the intestinal infection group.Transcriptome sequencing results showed that the key genes associated with autophagy and oxidative stress included ADRB2,HO-1,etc.The mRNA expression levels of ADRB2 and HO-1 in the Dachengqi decoction group were significantly higher than those in the intestinal infection group[HO-1 mRNA expression(FPKM):11.20±0.80 vs.6.63±0.53,ADRB2 mRNA expression(FPKM):6.98±0.54 vs.3.98±0.32,both P<0.01],verifying some of the predictions from network pharmacology.Conclusions Dachengqi decoction regulates autophagy through multiple components,multiple targets and multiple pathways,protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier function and reducing the translocation of intestinal microbiota.This lays a certain foundation for further in-depth research on the mechanism of reducing intestinal bacterial translocation by Dachengqi decoction.

Objective To investigate the overweight and obesity of primary and middle school students in Sijing area of Shanghai from 2020 to 2022,so as to provide scientific basis for the intervention of childhood obesity.Methods In October 2020 and October 2022,all primary and middle school students in Sijing area underwent physical examination by cluster sampling method.A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the obesity and overweight in primary and middle school students of different ages and genders in Sijing area.Results In 2020 and 2022,7 766 and 10 594 students completed physical examination,respectively,and 4 626 of them underwent two consecutive physical examinations.The incidences of overweight and obesity were 15.14%and 21.89%in 2020,respectively.The incidences of overweight and obesity were 15.41%and 21.11%in 2022,respectively.There were no significant differences in the incidences of overweight or obesity between 2020 and 2022(P>0.05).In 2020,the incidences of overweight and obesity of male students were 14.91%and 24.70%;the incidences of overweight and obesity of female students were 15.40%and 18.80%,respectively.In 2022,the incidences of overweight and obesity of male students were 15.04%and 24.14%;the incidences of overweight and obesity of female students were 15.82%and 17.82%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the overweight rate between males and females(P>0.05).The incidence of obesity of male students was significantly higher than that of female students in both 2020 and 2022(P<0.05).In the students aged 12 years old,the incidence of obesity was 27.42%in 2022,which was significantly higher than that in 2020(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of obesity between other age groups(P>0.05).Among the 4 626 children who participated in two consecutive physical examinations,the overweight/obesity rates were 14.46%/21.25%in 2020 and 16.04%/21.78%in 2022;there was significant difference in the overweight rates(P<0.05),while no significant difference was found in obesity rates(P>0.05).Among the 4 626 children,there were 2 402 boys and 2 224 girls.In 2020,the overweight/obesity rates were 13.70%/24.48%in these boys and 15.29%/17.76%in these girls.In 2022,the overweight/obesity rates were 16.07%/25.44%in these boys and 16.01%/17.72%in these girls.There was no significant difference in the incidence of overweight between these girls and boys in 2020 and 2022(P>0.05),but the obesity rate of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(P<0.05).Conclusion There are high incidences of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Sijing area of Shanghai,and dietary and exercise guidances should be strengthened.Meanwhile,the incidences of overweight and obesity are higher among boys,and obesity prevention and control measures should be strengthened for boys.

Objective To analyze the research status and trend of scarlet fever literature in China, and to provide reference for subsequent research. Methods Three major Chinese databases, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, as well as Web of Science English database, were used to search for literature related to scarlet fever from 2000 to 2023. Citespace6.2.R2 software was used to statistically analyze the number of publications, authors, institutions and journals, co-cited literature, keyword clustering, and other literature characteristics of the literature. Results From 2000 to 2023, a total of 1 011 Chinese literature were included in the three major Chinese databases. Since 2011, the number of publications had gradually increased, but in recent years, the number of publications had decreased. The organization with the most publications was the Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The cluster analysis of key words mainly formed 9 cluster tags, and the high-frequency keywords mainly included epidemic characteristics, epidemiology, incidence rate, etc. A total of 84 English literature were included in the WOS database, with an overall upward trend in publication volume. The institution with the most publications was the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the most frequently cited journal was ^“LANCET INFECT DIS^”.《Resurgence of scarlet fever in China: a 13-year population-based surveillance study》 was the most cited journal. After keyword cluster analysis, 9 cluster labels were mainly formed, and the keywords were mainly outbreak，Hong Kong, and Group A streptococcus. Conclusion Compared with the English literature, which mainly focuses on spatiotemporal aggregation, etiology and strain resistance, Chinese literature focuses more on epidemic surveillance, clinical features and quality nursing.

Objective:To explore the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HAGLR in breast cancer and its effect on the prognosis of breast cancer, and to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.Methods:The Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology website was used to search for HAGLR chromosome gene mapping and transcript expression. The lnclocater website was used to predict the subcellular localization of HAGLR, and the differential expression of HAGLR in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was analyzed by using lnCAR database. The patients in lnCAR database were divided into HAGLR high expression group and HAGLR low expression according to HAGLR expression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival, which was verified by using UCSC Xena database. lnCAR database was used to search the co-expressed genes of HAGLR. The top 200 co-expressed genes were submitted to the Metascape website for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis, and protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed. Starbase, a bioinformatics online analysis website, was used to predict HAGLR targeting mircoRNA (miRNA) and mRNA that directly encoded proteins. ceRNA network of HAGLR was constructed with Cytoscape3.8 software.Results:HAGLR gene was localized in 2q31.1 and mainly distributed in cytoplasm. The expression level of HAGLR in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). lnCAR database and UCSC Xena database analysis showed that OS in HAGLR high expression group was worse than that in HAGLR low expression group (all P < 0.01). lnCAR database, the metastasis-free survival in HAGLR high expression group was worse than that in HAGLR low expression group ( P = 0.030). Among the top 200 HAGLR co-expressed genes, 129 genes were negatively correlated with HAGLR and 71 genes were positively correlated with HAGLR. KEGG pathway analysis showed that HAGLR was related to metabolic pathways, MAPK signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and cancer pathway. GO annotation analysis showed that HAGLR was mainly enriched in cell cycle, centromeric complex assembly, mitotic progression, protein kinase binding, kinase activity regulation, cell response to DNA damage stimulation and other functions. hsa-miR-130b-3p, hsa-miR-1245b-5p, hsa-miR-182b-5p, hsa-miR-512-3p, hsa-miR-302b-3p, hsa-miR-185b-5p, hsa-miR-106b-5p were HAGLR targeting miRNA. Conclusions:HAGLR is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and it may be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 58 is rare, caused by pathogenic variations in KIF1C gene. Here, a case diagnosed in Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, was reported. The 15-year-old female suffered tremor in bilateral upper limbs which was aggravated gradually since age 8. Cerebellar ataxia, positive pyramidal tract sign and dystonic tremor were prominent on physical examination. The brain magnetic resonance imaging showed T 2-hyperintense signals in bilateral pyramidal tracts, optic radiations and superior cerebellar peduncles, with mild cerebellar atrophy. Whole exon sequencing revealed the unreported homozygous c.425_426delTG (p.V142Gfs*10) mutation which was presumed pathogenic.

Objective To optimize the measurement and analysis method for carbon-14 in environmental biological samples, and to provide technical support for the formulation of standard methods for carbon-14 measurement in environmental biological samples. Methods Through the optimization research on the carbon dioxide absorption method, the moisture content and carbon content of biological samples were measured with the moisture meter and the element analyzer according to the simplified personnel operation and the optimized process steps of the method, and intra- and inter-laboratory validation of the method was carried out. Results Under typical conditions, the lower limit of detection of the method reached 3 Bq/kg, and there were a relative standard deviation within laboratories of less than 17% and a relative standard deviation between laboratories of less than 14%, with a relative error of less than 19%. Most of the sample pretreatment was directly completed by the instrument and equipment, which improved the precision and accuracy of the measurement of moisture content and carbon content in samples, and reduced the influence of experiment personnel’s operation differences on the test results. Conclusion The lower limit of detection, precision, and accuracy of the optimized method meet the relevant requirements for the determination of carbon-14 in biological samples.

Volume dynamics is a two-compartment dynamical model using hemoglobin (Hb) derived plasma diluted level as input data and urine output as input variable through consecutive repeated measurements of Hb concentration in the blood during infusion. It could be applied to evaluate and guide crystalloid fluid rehydration for patients with dehydration or hypovolemia and during anesthesia or surgery. Volume dynamics could be also used to quantificate of strains, hypovolume, and the change of fluid distribution and elimination caused by anesthesia or surgery. The factors which influence the volume resuscitation are complex, including gender, age, hemodynamic state [mean arterial pressure (MAP)], health and stress state, renal function, consciousness, surgical or anesthesia state and so on, which may affect the half-life, distribution, and volume of the fluid. This article summarizes and analyzes the pathophysiological changes of crystalloids fluid in vivo, in order to provide reference for volume management in critically ill patients.