AIM: To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of differential expression of Cyclin D1 and p53 in eyelid tumors.METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent surgical resection for eyelid tumors at our hospital between March 2018 and March 2023. Participants were categorized into benign and malignant groups based on tumor characteristics. Clinical data were collected. Genetic data for eyelid tumors were obtained from the GEO database, and differential gene analysis, including volcano plot visualization and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, was performed using the Sangerbox 3.0 platform. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of Cyclin D1, p53, and BAX in tissue samples. Correlations with clinical features were analyzed using Spearman analysis, and prognostic factors were identified via Logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: This study included 69 patients with eyelid tumors(78 eyes), categorized into a benign group(37 patients, 41 eyes)and a malignant group(32 patients, 37 eyes)based on tumor characteristics. There were significant differences between the two groups in histological subtype, TNM staging, vascular invasion, differentiation status, and local infiltration(all P<0.05). Among benign tumors: pigmented nevi in 11 eyes(27%), hemangiomas in 9 eyes(22%), squamous cell papillomas in 5 eyes(12%), epidermoid cysts in 5 eyes(12%), seborrheic keratoses in 4 eyes(10%), neurofibromas in 3 eyes(7%), and both calcifying epithelioma and xanthelasma in 2 eyes each(5%); among malignant tumors: basal cell carcinoma in 18 eyes(49%), meibomian gland carcinoma in 8 eyes(22%), squamous cell carcinoma in 5 eyes(14%), sebaceous gland carcinoma in 4 eyes(11%), lymphoma and malignant melanoma each in 1 eye(3%). At the follow-up cutoff date of March 2025, the 2-year survival rate in the benign group(95%)was significantly higher than that in the malignant group(78%; P<0.05). Bioinformatics analysis identified 4 103 differentially expressed genes, including Cyclin D1, p53, and BAX, which were predominantly involved in pathways such as the p53 signaling pathway and calcium-related signaling. Spearman analysis revealed that local invasion(rs=0.71, P<0.05)and TNM stage(rs=0.73, P<0.05)correlated with Cyclin D1 expression; local invasion(rs=0.76, P<0.05)and histological subtype(rs=0.65, P<0.05)correlated with p53 expression. Logistic regression results indicated that Cyclin D1, p53, TNM staging, and local invasion were prognostic risk factors. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the combined detection of these four indicators had the highest predictive value for prognosis(AUC=0.83).CONCLUSION: High expression of cyclin D1 and p53 serves as molecular markers for distinguishing benign from malignant eyelid tumors and assessing prognosis. Combined detection of these markers with TNM staging and local invasion demonstrates high predictive value for prognosis.

ObjectiveTo detect the proportion of splenic follicular helper T （Tfh） cells and their functionally related cytokine expression levels in the incomplete embryo implantation disorder （EID） model mice， and to explore the immunological mechanism of Tfh in infertility caused by embryo implantation disorder. MethodsSixteen female Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups， with eight mice in each group. On day 4 of pregnancy， an incomplete EID mouse model was established by oral gavage of mifepristone suspension， while an equal volume of saline was administered to the control group. On day 8 of pregnancy， the mice were euthanized. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of Tfh cells in the spleen lymphocytes of both incomplete EID mice and normal control mice. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 6 （Bcl-6） and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 protein （CXCR5） in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Western blot was employed to assess the protein expression levels of Bcl-6 and CXCR5 in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Serum levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， IL-6， and IL-21 were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to observe the expression levels of progesterone receptor （PR）， Bcl-6， and CXCR5 proteins in the uterine endometrial tissue of mice in both groups. ResultsIncomplete-type EID mice had a reduced number of embryo implantation points and reduced endometrial PR expression. Flow assay results showed that the proportion of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺Tfh cells in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete-type EID mice was significantly higher than that of normal controls （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal control group， Bcl-6 and CXCR5 mRNA levels and protein levels were elevated in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete EID mice， with statistically significant differences （P<0.05）； serum IL-4， IL-6， and IL-21 levels were elevated in incomplete EID mice， and Bcl-6 and CXCR5 proteins in the endometrium were significantly elevated （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe increase of Tfh cells and their associated cytokines Bcl-6 and CXCR5 is associated with the development of incomplete EID， and may be involved in the development of female immune infertility.

ObjectiveTo investigate the uric acid-lowering effects and mechanisms of acacetin on hyperuricemia （HUA） in mice. MethodsOteracil potassium and adenine were used to establish the mouse model of HUA. Male Kunming mice （n=48） were randomized into six groups： control， model， low-dose （12.5 mg·kg^-1） acacetin， medium-dose （25 mg·kg^-1） acacetin， high-dose （50 mg·kg^-1） acacetin， and allopurinol （10 mg·kg^-1）. Each group received continuous gavage administration for 21 days. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the levels of uric acid （UA）， creatinine （Cr）， urea nitrogen （BUN）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）. Additionally， the activity of xanthine oxidase （XOD） in the liver and the levels of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-1β， and IL-18 in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Pathological changes in the renal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Western blot was employed to determine the levels of glucose transporter 9 （GLUT9）， urate transporter 1 （URAT1）， phospho-NF-κB p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） in the renal tissue. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed elevated levels of UA， Cr， BUN， ALT， and AST， increased activity of XOD in the liver（P<0.01）， raised levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum（P<0.01）， and significantly up-regulated expression of GLUT9， URAT1， p-NF-κB p65， and NLRP3 in the renal tissue（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， acacetin reduced the UA level in a dose-dependent manner， significantly improved liver and kidney functions， decreased the XOD activity in the liver， ameliorated the pathological changes in the renal tissue， down-regulated the expression of GLUT9， URAT1， p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 in the renal tissue（P<0.01）， and lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-18 in the serum（P<0.01）. ConclusionAcacetin can ameliorate HUA by decreasing uric acid production， increasing uric acid excretion， and inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Therefore， acacetin may be a potential drug for the treatment of HUA.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qiwei dongqingye powder （QDP） on bronchial asthma in mice. METHODS The mice were divided into blank group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， dexamethasone group （2 mg/kg）， and QDP low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （200， 400， 800 mg/kg）， with 14 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， mice in all other groups were given ovalbumin via intraperitoneal injection followed by aerosol inhalation to induce a bronchial asthma model. During the modeling process， mice in each group were administered corresponding drug solutions or normal saline intragastrically/intraperitoneally. After the last medication， the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of the mice was observed and counted； the pathological changes of the bronchus and lung tissue were observed； the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， nitric oxide （NO）， total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the lung tissue of the mice were determined， and the level of interleukin-17 （IL-17） in the BALF and serum was determined. Transcriptomics was employed to predict and validate the mechanism of action of QDP against bronchial asthma. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the total cell count， neutrophil count， lymphocyte count， and macrophage counts in the BALF of the QDP high-dose group were all significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）； the levels of MDA and NO in the lung tissue， and the levels of IL-17 in the BALF and serum were all decreased significantly （ P ＜0.05）； the levels of T-SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）； the arrangement of lung tissue cells tended to normalize， with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreased exfoliation of bronchial simple columnar epithelial cells. The transcriptomic results revealed that the differentially expressed genes were B-cell receptor signaling pathway， nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， ferroptosis signaling pathway， and others. Further validation revealed that， compared with the model group， the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and chemokine ligand 20， as well as the phosphorylation level of NF-κB inhibitor protein α， were significantly decreased in the lung tissues of the mice in all QDP groups （ P ＜0.05）. Conversely， the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） and heme oxygenase 1 （HO-1） were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QDP can effectively alleviate bronchial asthma by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway， regulating oxidative stress， and reducing inflammatory responses.

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD）， a common complication of diabetes mellitus， is a leading global cause of end-stage renal disease （ESRD）. Current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on symptomatic management but exhibit limited efficacy in halting disease progression to ESRD， and some drugs carry non-negligible toxic side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in treating DKD， with single TCM and TCM compounds demonstrating unique advantages in multi-target， multi-pathway， and multi-effect therapeutic interventions. Tripterygium wilfordii （TW）， known for its effects in promoting blood circulation， dredging collaterals， dispelling wind， removing dampness， reducing swelling， and alleviating pain， contains bioactive components such as Tripterygium glycosides （TWG）， triptolide （TPL）， tripdiolide （TPD）， and celastrol （CEL）. The active ingredients possess various functions， including regulating immune-inflammatory balance， ameliorating renal fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis， combating oxidative stress， protecting podocytes， and improving glucose and lipid metabolism， all of which play a significant role in the treatment of DKD. This review summarized the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of T. wilfordii and its active ingredients on DKD， aiming to provide insights for clinical management and novel drug development of DKD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the imaging features of calcium salt deposition and serological markers in patients with alveolar echinococcosis through a retrospective analysis， as well as independent risk factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition in lesions， and to provide a basis for assessing disease process. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the imaging and clinical data of 107 patients with alveolar echinococcosis who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from December 2023 to June 2025， and according to the volume of calcium salt deposition， they were divided into non-deposition group with 16 patients， mild deposition group with 52 patients， moderate deposition group with 16 patients， and severe deposition group with 23 patients. A one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups， and the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The four groups were further combined into the low deposition group （no/mild deposition） and the high deposition group （moderate/severe deposition）. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition， and a predictive model was established. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model， and the Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. ResultsThere were significant differences between the four groups in sex distribution， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.05）. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the four groups in sex， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， alanine aminotransferase， albumin， creatinine， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.1）. The multi-collinearity diagnosis showed that the VIF values for all continuous variables ranged from 1.104 to 1.760， suggesting that collinearity did not affect modeling. An ordinal logistic regression model was established based on sex， involvement of other sites， calcium ion， lymphocyte percentage， and uric acid. The multivariate analysis showed that lymphocyte percentage （odds ratio ［OR］=1.106， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.041 — 1.174， P=0.001） and blood calcium level （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 —0.230， P=0.007） were independent influencing factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition. The regression equation was established as Logit（P）=8.231 + 0.100 × lymphocyte percentage -5.344 × calcium ion. The ROC curve analysis showed that the model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.716， with a Youden index of 0.353， a sensitivity of 1.000， and a specificity of 0.353. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had poor calibration （χ²=20.688， P=0.008）. The Bootstrap method with 1000 repeated samples showed that the estimated values of lymphocyte percentage （OR=1.106， 95%CI： 1.049 — 1.186， P=0.002） and calcium ion （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 — 0.214， P=0.010） were consistent with the original model， and the confidence intervals did not include 1， which further supported the reliability of the model. ConclusionBoth lymphocyte percentage and blood calcium level are independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis， and the degree of calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis lesions increases with the reduction in blood calcium level and the increase in lymphocyte percentage.

Objective To explore the causal relationships between 13 micronutrients (copper, selenium, zinc, calcium, folate, iron, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E) and risk of tuberculosis (TB) through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods The Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data about micronutrients and TB were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS and FinnGen Biobank, and Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization (BWMR) and Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) methods were employed to explore the causal relationship between micronutrients and risk of TB. The robustness and reliability of the results were assessed through horizontal pleiotropy tests, heterogeneity tests, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. Results The BWMR results indicated that iron (OR = 0.40, 95% CI : 0.20- 0.79, P = 0.008) and vitamin C (OR = 0.42, 95% CI : 0.20 - 0.87, P = 0.019) were protective factors against TB infection, while no causal relationships were found between other micronutrients with TB infection. The IVW method produced consistent results with BWMR. The results for other micronutrients were robust and reliable (P > 0.05), except for calcium-related Instrumental Variables (IVs), which exhibited heterogeneity (P < 0.05). Conclusion Iron and vitamin C may play a protective role in reducing the risk of TB, whereas the remaining micronutrients show no significant causal relationship with TB.

Objective To investigate muscle mass reduction and the effect of exercise training intervention in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A total of 324 non-obese patients with T2DM admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled from February 2023 to February 2025. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was adopted to detect and analyze the data of appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Non-obese T2DM patients were classified into an observation group (n=162, receive sports training intervention) and a control group (n=162, receiving routine exercise intervention) by adopting random number grouping criteria. Both groups were intervened for 3 months. The muscle mass indicators [ASMI, body mass index (BMI), and body fat rate], exercise ability [6-minute walking distance (6MWD), grip strength, and one-leg standing time], metabolic indicators [fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)], and quality of life [Diabetes Quality of Life Scale (DQOL)] were compared between the two groups to evaluate the effectiveness of sports training intervention. Results A total of 324 non-obese T2DM patients were enrolled, including 123 cases with reduced muscle mass (37.96%). There were no significant differences in the baseline data and the proportion of patients with muscle mass reduction between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention, the ASMI, 6MWD, grip strength, and one-leg standing time in the observation group were higher or longer than those of the control group (P<0.05), while the body fat rate, FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and DQOL scores were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of muscle mass reduction is relatively high among non-obese T2DM patients, and exercise training intervention has significant effects on improving muscle mass, metabolic status, exercise capacity and quality of life in non-obese T2DM patients.

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss undermines the physical and mental health of women. Recent randomized controlled trials have reported some effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); however, whether various TCM methods have different effectiveness remains unclear. Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of TCM for patients with RPL and to explore whether various TCM methods have different effectiveness. Methods: Ten databases were searched up to May 27, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool. Pairwise and network analyses were conducted using Stata 18.0. Results: A total of 47 randomized controlled trials enrolling 6678 women with RPL were included. Pairwise analysis showed that use of TCM had a significantly lower miscarriage rate (RR 0.50 [95% CI 0.45, 0.55]), lower preterm birth rate (RR 0.81 [95% CI 0.67, 0.98), and lower adverse event rate (RR 0.46 [95% CI 0.37, 0.58]). Moreover, use of TCM was associated with a higher alive-fetus rate (RR 1.21 [95% CI 1.15, 1.26]), live-birth rate (RR 1.20 [95% CI 1.15, 1.25]), and full-term rate (RR 1.37 [95% CI 1.23, 1.53]) compared with nonuse of TCM. Network analysis demonstrated that Bushenshugan combined with conventional Western medicine was ranked the best for the reduction of miscarriage rate. Discussion: Use of TCM is more likely to improve pregnancy outcomes and reduce adverse events compared with nonuse of TCM in patients with RPL. Different TCM methods have differences in reducing the miscarriage rate. The Bushenshugan method might be a potential optimal TCM therapy, but more high-quality evidence is needed to further validate and evaluate the efficacy and safety.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨Ⅱ型固有淋巴细胞（ILC2）-双调蛋白（AREG）-调节性T（Treg）细胞轴在宫颈癌免疫微环境调控中的作用及机制。方法：收集2021年5月—2022年5月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的Ⅰ~ⅡA期宫颈癌患者肿瘤组织（n = 8），以子宫肌瘤手术患者的正常宫颈组织（n = 8）作为对照；另收集全分期宫颈癌患者的外周血样本（n = 30），并以健康志愿者外周血作为对照（n = 30）。利用GEPIA数据库分析AREG与叉头框蛋白P3（Foxp3）的mRNA表达水平。采用多重免疫荧光技术、流式细胞术检测组织及外周血中ILC2、Treg细胞浸润水平；通过ELISA、IHC和WB法验证AREG、Foxp3及IL-10的表达水平，并对ILC2、AREG、Treg细胞及IL-10进行相关性分析。体外分离宫颈癌患者ILC2与PBMC，分别使用重组人IL-33（rhIL-33）、抗人IL-33抗体（α-IL-33）及重组人AREG（rhAREG）、抗人AREG抗体（α-AREG）进行干预；采用CCK-8法与流式细胞术检测不同浓度rhAREG对HeLa、SiHa细胞增殖及凋亡的影响，ELISA检测上清中AREG、IL-10浓度，流式细胞术检测Treg细胞比例变化。此外，本研究还比较了宫颈癌患者手术前后外周血中ILC2、AREG、Treg细胞及IL-10的水平差异。结果：宫颈癌患者组织及外周血中ILC2浸润水平和AREG表达显著高于对照组，Treg细胞比例、Foxp3及IL-10表达亦明显上调（P < 0.05）；相关性分析显示，ILC2、Treg细胞、AREG与IL-10彼此正向关联。体外实验表明，不同浓度rhAREG对宫颈癌细胞（HeLa、SiHa）的增殖及凋亡无明显作用（P > 0.05）；rhIL-33可激活ILC2并上调AREG分泌（P < 0.01），而α-IL-33可逆转该效应（P < 0.05）；rhAREG可促进Treg细胞分化及IL-10分泌（P < 0.001），α-AREG则显著逆转上述作用（P < 0.01）。此外，宫颈癌患者术后外周血中ILC2、Treg细胞、AREG及IL-10水平均显著降低（P < 0.000 1）。结论：ILC2-AREG-Treg免疫调控轴异常激活，可能通过介导免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境形成参与宫颈癌进展。