Objective:To evaluate the influence of midface (nasal base and zygomatic bone) morphological changes on the overall perception of lip prominence from different perspectives.Methods:From February to March 2024, 212 volunteers were recruited in Fujian Province as study subjects and divided into three groups: orthodontists [65 participants, 28 males and 37 females, aged (31.3±6.9) years], orthodontic patients [72 participants, 24 males and 48 females, aged (27.6±5.7) years], and healthy adults [75 participants, 37 males and 38 females, aged (25.6±4.4) years]. Three-dimensional facial modeling software was used to generate facial models, which were sculpted using three-dimensional model sculpting software to simulate different nasal base, zygomatic bone, and upper lip prominence conditions. A total of 15 facial models were generated, divided into five groups (three models per group): Group A (normal nasolabial angle, normal nasal base, normal upper lip); Group B (increased nasolabial angle, normal nasal base, flattened upper lip); Group C (decreased nasolabial angle, normal nasal base, protruded upper lip); Group D (increased nasolabial angle, protruded nasal base, normal upper lip); Group E (decreased nasolabial angle, recessed nasal base, normal upper lip). Models 1, 2, and 3 in each group had normal, protruded, and flattened zygomatic bones, respectively (with Model 1 in Group A as the initial model). Forty-five-degree and ninety-degree profile images of the models were captured (30 images in total) and compiled into a questionnaire. Participants in the three study groups were selected as the most attractive and least attractive facial appearances based on the questionnaire and ratings of the lip prominence of the 45° and 90° profile images (0-10 points, where 0=very flat, 5=normal, and 10=very prominent). A one-sample t-test was used to compare the difference between model ratings and the median score of 5. Results:Among the 30 images, the proportion of lip prominence ratings deviating from the median score of 5 was the highest among orthodontists [83% (25/30)], followed by orthodontic patients [67% (20/30)], and lowest among healthy adults [53% (16/30)]. At the 90° profile view, the scores given by orthodontists, orthodontic patients, and healthy adults for the initial model (5.07±0.79, 5.00±1.03, and 4.95±1.07, respectively) showed no statistically significant difference from 5 ( t=0.65, P=0.521; t=0.00, P=1.000; t=-0.42, P=0.673). At the 45° profile view, the scores given by orthodontists, orthodontic patients, and healthy adults for the initial model (5.42±0.98, 5.40±1.15, and 5.35±1.45, respectively) were significantly higher than 5 ( t=3.30, P=0.002; t=2.98, P=0.004; t=2.11, P=0.038). At both 90° and 45° profile views, orthodontists, orthodontic patients, and healthy adults all rated the lip prominence of Model 1 in Group E (nasal base recession) significantly higher than 5 (all P<0.05). In Group E (nasal base recession model), changes in zygomatic prominence led to alterations in the overall lip prominence ratings by orthodontists and orthodontic patients, with significant differences among Models 1, 2, and 3 (all P<0.05). In the most attractive facial appearance evaluation, Model 1 of Group D had the highest frequency percentage in both the 90° profile and 45° profile views [90°: 19.8% (42/212); 45°: 22.6% (48/212)]. Conclusions:Orthodontists had the highest sensitivity to changes in lip prominence. The observation angle influenced the perception of lip prominence changes, and variations in zygomatic and nasal base prominence could shift lip prominence evaluations. A slightly larger nasolabial angle, protruded nasal base, and normal zygomatic bone configuration were perceived as the most attractive.

Objective:To evaluate the influence of midface (nasal base and zygomatic bone) morphological changes on the overall perception of lip prominence from different perspectives.Methods:From February to March 2024, 212 volunteers were recruited in Fujian Province as study subjects and divided into three groups: orthodontists [65 participants, 28 males and 37 females, aged (31.3±6.9) years], orthodontic patients [72 participants, 24 males and 48 females, aged (27.6±5.7) years], and healthy adults [75 participants, 37 males and 38 females, aged (25.6±4.4) years]. Three-dimensional facial modeling software was used to generate facial models, which were sculpted using three-dimensional model sculpting software to simulate different nasal base, zygomatic bone, and upper lip prominence conditions. A total of 15 facial models were generated, divided into five groups (three models per group): Group A (normal nasolabial angle, normal nasal base, normal upper lip); Group B (increased nasolabial angle, normal nasal base, flattened upper lip); Group C (decreased nasolabial angle, normal nasal base, protruded upper lip); Group D (increased nasolabial angle, protruded nasal base, normal upper lip); Group E (decreased nasolabial angle, recessed nasal base, normal upper lip). Models 1, 2, and 3 in each group had normal, protruded, and flattened zygomatic bones, respectively (with Model 1 in Group A as the initial model). Forty-five-degree and ninety-degree profile images of the models were captured (30 images in total) and compiled into a questionnaire. Participants in the three study groups were selected as the most attractive and least attractive facial appearances based on the questionnaire and ratings of the lip prominence of the 45° and 90° profile images (0-10 points, where 0=very flat, 5=normal, and 10=very prominent). A one-sample t-test was used to compare the difference between model ratings and the median score of 5. Results:Among the 30 images, the proportion of lip prominence ratings deviating from the median score of 5 was the highest among orthodontists [83% (25/30)], followed by orthodontic patients [67% (20/30)], and lowest among healthy adults [53% (16/30)]. At the 90° profile view, the scores given by orthodontists, orthodontic patients, and healthy adults for the initial model (5.07±0.79, 5.00±1.03, and 4.95±1.07, respectively) showed no statistically significant difference from 5 ( t=0.65, P=0.521; t=0.00, P=1.000; t=-0.42, P=0.673). At the 45° profile view, the scores given by orthodontists, orthodontic patients, and healthy adults for the initial model (5.42±0.98, 5.40±1.15, and 5.35±1.45, respectively) were significantly higher than 5 ( t=3.30, P=0.002; t=2.98, P=0.004; t=2.11, P=0.038). At both 90° and 45° profile views, orthodontists, orthodontic patients, and healthy adults all rated the lip prominence of Model 1 in Group E (nasal base recession) significantly higher than 5 (all P<0.05). In Group E (nasal base recession model), changes in zygomatic prominence led to alterations in the overall lip prominence ratings by orthodontists and orthodontic patients, with significant differences among Models 1, 2, and 3 (all P<0.05). In the most attractive facial appearance evaluation, Model 1 of Group D had the highest frequency percentage in both the 90° profile and 45° profile views [90°: 19.8% (42/212); 45°: 22.6% (48/212)]. Conclusions:Orthodontists had the highest sensitivity to changes in lip prominence. The observation angle influenced the perception of lip prominence changes, and variations in zygomatic and nasal base prominence could shift lip prominence evaluations. A slightly larger nasolabial angle, protruded nasal base, and normal zygomatic bone configuration were perceived as the most attractive.

China ; Diabetes Mellitus ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; diagnosis

Abstract:Objective To study the structure and function of a novel serine protease gene associated with human colorectal cancer SNC19.Methods The cDNA sequence was determined by both manual and automatic sequencing techniques. The full length cDNA sequence was obtained by the 5'-Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends technique and web-based analysis. Open reading frame analysis and protein function prediction were also performed. Northern blot was used to detect the expression of SNC19 in various human normal tissues and tumor cell lines. Fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with fluorescent R-banding technique was employed to map the SNC19 gene on human chromosome.Results Full length SNC19 cDNA, size 3152 bp, encodes a protein highly homologous to a mouse serine protease epithin. In normal human tissues, high SNC19 expression levels were observed in the kidney, pancreas, prostate, small intestine and colon; moderate SNC19 expression levels were observed in the placenta, lung, liver, spleen thymus, testis and peripheral blood lymphocytes; and extremely low expression levels were observed in the heart, brain, skeletal muscle and ovary. In tumor cell lines, colorectal cancer cells SW480, SW620, SW1116 and Colo205, breast cancer cell Bcap37 and gastric cancer cells MKN28 and SGC7901 showed high levels of SNC19 expression; cervical cancer cell HeLa-S3, lung cancer PAA, oral epithelial cancer cell KB and lymphoma cell Raji showed moderate levels of SNC19 expression; and tongue squamous cancer cell Tca8113, leukemia cells HL-60, K562, MOLT-4, lung cancer cell A549 and melanoma cell G361 showed very low levels of SNC19 expression. SNC19 was mapped to human chromosome 11q24-25. Conclusion SNC19 encodes a novel human serine protease with 855 amino acid residues. As a novel serine protease associated with human colorectal cancer, the expression of SNC19 in various tissues and cell lines may have very important impact on their phenotypes and biological behaviors.

Objective To study the antitumor effect of p53 antisense RNA and provide potential approach for p53 gene therapy.Methods A 2.1 Kb human p53 full length cDNA was inserted into a mammalian expression vector pREP9 to make a p53 antisense RNA expression vector pREP9-p53(AS). pREP9-p53(AS) was then introduced into human colon cancer cell line SW1116 (with mutated endogenous p53). MTT method and FCM analysis were performed to measure the effect of p53 antisense RNA expressed by pREP9-p53(AS) on SW1116 cell cycle progression.Results The growth rate of SW1116 cells with pREP9-p53(AS) was significantly suppressed by the expression of p53 antisense RNA compared to the control SW1116 cells and SW1116 cells with pREP9 vector alone. FCM analysis showed that SW1116 cells with pREP9-p53(AS) were arrested at G0/1 phase, whereas no significant influence could be observed on control SW1116 cells with pREP9.Conclusions p53 antisense RNA can reduce the growth rate of colon cell SW1116 by stopping cell cycle at G0/1 phase, and hence is a new and promising approach for p53 gene therapy of colon cancer.

Objective: To construct eukaryotic expression vector of tumor-associated gene SNC90 and transfect it into human colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods: A 1.5 kb tumor-associate gene SNC90 full length cDNA was inserted into a mammalian expression vector pREP9 to make recombinant vector pREP9-SNC90, which was then introduced into three kinds of colorectal cancer cell lines, SW1116, COL0205 and SW620, by lipofection or electroporation. The cells resistant to G418 drug were selected. Results: Cells transfected with pREP9-SNC90 showed fewer G418-resistant colonies than those transfected with void vector, the inhibitory rates are 72.2%, 74.2% and 59.7%, respectively. Conclusion : SNC90 may play a negative role in regulating growth of colorectal cancer cell.