Chronic heart failure （CHF） is a major global public health problem， and myocardial infarction is one of its main causes. The mouse model of heart failure induced by coronary artery ligation is widely used in the study of CHF， while the TCM syndrome attributes of this model have not yet been clarified. According to the theory of correspondence between prescriptions and syndromes， the method of syndrome identification by prescription efficacy is an important means of current syndrome research of animal models. This method deduces the syndrome characteristics of animal models through prescription efficacy. Taking the four basic syndrome elements of Qi， blood， Yin and Yang as the classification reference， this study used coronary artery ligation to construct a mouse model of CHF and treated the model with four representative TCM injections with the effects of replenishing Qi， warming Yang， nourishing Yin， and activating blood and enalapril. Echocardiography， tongue color parameters， histopathology， serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and cardiac troponin Ⅰ （cTnⅠ） levels， and systematically explored the TCM syndrome attributes of this model. The results showed that the coronary ligation model presented an obvious cardiac function decline， myocardial fibrosis， infarct size expansion， and purple dark tongue， which were consistent with the basic syndrome characteristics of blood stasis in CHF. Danhong injection had significant effects of improving the cardiac function， alleviating myocardial fibrosis， and reducing serum NT-proBNP and cTnⅠ levels. Huangqi Injection and Shenfu injection can improve the cardiac function and tongue color parameters， with limited effects. The effect of Shenmai injection group was not obvious. This study verifies that the established model conforms to blood stasis syndrome through the method of syndrome identification by prescription efficacy， which provides an experimental basis for the study of TCM syndrome mechanism of CHF.

Objective: To investigate the impact of RhE antigen-matched transfusion during liver transplantation on early postoperative recovery and complications. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, ninety-five patients undergoing liver transplantation at Kunming First People's Hospital between January 2022 and July 2025 were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (RhE-mismatched transfusion, n=57) and Group 2 (RhE-matched transfusion, n=38). The baseline data, complete blood counts, hepatic and renal function, coagulation parameters, and complication rates between the two groups were compared at postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The baseline characteristics were well-balanced and comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). The early postoperative mortality rate in the mismatched group (31.58%, 18/57) was significantly higher than that in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38) (P=0.017). The incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was significantly higher in the mismatched group (50.88%, 29/57) than in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38) (P<0.001). The incidence of postoperative haemorrhage in the mismatched group (24.56%, 14/57) was higher than that in the matched group (5.26%, 2/38), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.014). The incidence of perioperative infection in the mismatched group (28.07%, 16/57) was higher than that in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.04). Corresponding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals indicated a lower risk of these adverse events in the matched group. On postoperative day 1, the change in activated partial thromboplastin time (-1.6, 20.5) in the mismatched group was greater than in the matched group (-0.2, 5.5). The change in international normalised ratio (-0.56, 1.22) in the mismatched group was greater than in the matched group (-0.18, 0.32), while the change in albumin (-4.0, 4.8) was smaller in the mismatched group than in the matched group (-2.5, 8.8). On postoperative day 5, the change in albumin (-0.41±7.83) in the mismatched group was smaller than in the matched group (2.68±4.53). At postoperative day 7, the change in albumin in the mismatched group (-0.61±7.38) was smaller than that in the matched group (2.51±5.85), while the change in D-dimer in the mismatched group (0.73, 7.4) was greater than that in the matched group (-1.6, 4.3). On postoperative day 10, the mismatched group exhibited significantly higher fibrinogen levels (-1.21, 1.78) than the matched group (-0.49, 0.97), and significantly longer prothrombin times (-11.3, -2.7) than the matched group (-6.2, -0.8) (all P<0.05). The matched group exhibited a mean overall survival (OS) of 32.803 months (95% CI:29.171-36.436 months), significantly exceeding the mismatched group's 28.996 months (95% CI:24.202-33.790 months). The log-rank test yielded statistically significant results (χ =4.307, P=0.038). Conclusion: Implementing RhE blood group-matched transfusion during liver transplantation may help reduce early postoperative mortality and the incidence of major complication rates, promote faster recovery of coagulation and liver function, and thereby improve short-term patient outcomes.

Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen for both human bloodstream infections and mastitis in cows. However, little attention has been paid to the cross-host transmission of MRSA from cows to high-risk groups in China. Objective To determine the MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang, identify the antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of the isolates, and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of targeted infection control strategies. Method A cross-sectional survey combined with laboratory pathogen analysis was conducted. From June to August 2024, large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang region were selected as study sites. Nasal swabs (n=96) and skin swabs (n=39) were collected from workers, and bovine nasal swab samples (n=109) were collected simultaneously. All samples were subjected to MRSA isolation, cultivation, and identification, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing to characterize resistance phenotypes. Staphylococcus aureus protein A (Spa) typing was performed to determine strain genotypes and elucidate MRSA colonization rates and molecular epidemiological patterns. Results A total of 35 MRSA strains was successfully isolated from 244 samples. The MRSA colonization rates among dairy farm workers and dairy cows were 20.83% (20/96) and 12.84% (14/109), respectively, with an overall isolation rate of 14.34% (35/244). Among the workers, the nasal colonization rate was 16.67% (16/96), and the skin colonization rate was 12.82% (5/39). One worker exhibited MRSA colonization at multiple body sites. All MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (100%, 35/35). The resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 42.86% (15/35) and 34.29% (12/35), respectively. Thirteen strains showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype, whereas all strains were susceptible to vancomycin. The MRSA isolates exhibited high genetic diversity, with 13 Spa types identified, among which t441 was the most prevalent (8 strains). Both t441 and t034 types were detected in samples from both the dairy cows and their handlers. These two Spa types also carried and stably inherited specific resistance combinations, including erythromycin–clindamycin–cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin–erythromycin–clindamycin–gentamicin–cefoxitin–tetracycline, and a statistically significant association was also observed between the two resistance profiles and the bacterial types (P < 0.001). In addition, one novel Spa type strain was identified. Conclusion MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang are relatively high, with evidence of multi-site colonization. The isolates exhibit high levels of multidrug resistance and genetic diversity, indicating a potential risk of cross-host transmission.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and hypertension are common and frequent chronic non-communicable diseases， which often coexist in clinical practice， resulting in a large number of cardiovascular events and deaths， and their case fatality rate far exceeds that of other factors such as dyslipidemia and obesity. Based on the diagnostic standards， guidelines， and animal model evaluation methods of T2DM with hypertension at home and abroad， this study summarized， evaluated， and analyzed the characteristics of the existing animal models of T2DM with hypertension based on the clinical symptoms in traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The animal models showing high fitting degrees with the clinical symptoms in Western medicine are mainly established by injection of streptozocin （STZ） in SHR rats in the surgical induction and chemical induction methods and feeding a high-fat and high-salt diet combined with STZ injection in SD rats in the dietary induction methods. The models showcasing high fitting degrees with the clinical symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） are mainly established by the surgical induction method. Considering the fitting degrees and the advantages and disadvantages， the ideal modeling method for T2DM with hypertension is the two-kidney， one clip （2K1C） method （a surgical induction method） combined with feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet and STZ injection. However， the available models lack the characteristics of TCM and the evaluation indicators have poor specificity. This study found that there are few animal models of T2DM with hypertension considering the characteristics of both disease and syndrome， which may be related to the identification and attribution of TCM syndromes in animal macroscopic information. In view of this problem， it is suggested that the evaluation criteria should be established and improved for the animal models combining disease and syndrome， which can help to evaluate the fitting degree of the pathological characteristics of different syndromes in the animal models of T2DM with hypertension. In this way， ideal animal models of T2DM with hypertension can be established to simulate the disease occurrence and development in the human body. The animal models are expected to provide an ideal approach for the further research on the pathogenesis of T2DM and its prevention and treatment with TCM， which is of great significance for the treatment and prevention of T2DM with hypertension and the prognosis of its complications. At the same time， breakthroughs in the basic syndrome models of comorbidities are expected to lay a foundation for the leapfrog development of TCM research.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and hypertension are common and frequent chronic non-communicable diseases， which often coexist in clinical practice， resulting in a large number of cardiovascular events and deaths， and their case fatality rate far exceeds that of other factors such as dyslipidemia and obesity. Based on the diagnostic standards， guidelines， and animal model evaluation methods of T2DM with hypertension at home and abroad， this study summarized， evaluated， and analyzed the characteristics of the existing animal models of T2DM with hypertension based on the clinical symptoms in traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The animal models showing high fitting degrees with the clinical symptoms in Western medicine are mainly established by injection of streptozocin （STZ） in SHR rats in the surgical induction and chemical induction methods and feeding a high-fat and high-salt diet combined with STZ injection in SD rats in the dietary induction methods. The models showcasing high fitting degrees with the clinical symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） are mainly established by the surgical induction method. Considering the fitting degrees and the advantages and disadvantages， the ideal modeling method for T2DM with hypertension is the two-kidney， one clip （2K1C） method （a surgical induction method） combined with feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet and STZ injection. However， the available models lack the characteristics of TCM and the evaluation indicators have poor specificity. This study found that there are few animal models of T2DM with hypertension considering the characteristics of both disease and syndrome， which may be related to the identification and attribution of TCM syndromes in animal macroscopic information. In view of this problem， it is suggested that the evaluation criteria should be established and improved for the animal models combining disease and syndrome， which can help to evaluate the fitting degree of the pathological characteristics of different syndromes in the animal models of T2DM with hypertension. In this way， ideal animal models of T2DM with hypertension can be established to simulate the disease occurrence and development in the human body. The animal models are expected to provide an ideal approach for the further research on the pathogenesis of T2DM and its prevention and treatment with TCM， which is of great significance for the treatment and prevention of T2DM with hypertension and the prognosis of its complications. At the same time， breakthroughs in the basic syndrome models of comorbidities are expected to lay a foundation for the leapfrog development of TCM research.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Shenfu Injection （参附注射液） on rat cardiomyocyte injury induced by isoproterenol from the perspective of regulating the high mobility group protein B1 （HMGB1）/ Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） pathway through the deacetylation modification of silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）. MethodsThe optimal concentration and intervention duration of isoproterenol hydrochloride and the optimal intervention concentration of Shenfu Injection were screened out by CCK-8 method. Logarithmically growing H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were taken at 5×10⁴ cells/well and divided into normal group， model group， Shenfu Injection group， and SIRT1 inhibitor group， with 3 replicates in each group.Except for the normal group， the cells in the other groups were induced by isoproterenol hydrochloride to establish a chronic heart failure cell model. After modeling， the Shenfu Injection group was given Shenfu Injection at the optimal intervention concentration， and the SIRT1 inhibitor group was given 1 μmol/L of SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527， for optimal intervention duration.CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell activity and calculate the inhibitory rate. ELISA assay was used to detect the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation state/ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduction state （NAD+/NADH） in cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the immunofluorescence localization of HMGB1 and SIRT1 in cardiomyocytes. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of acetylated HMGB1 in cardiomyocytes， HMGB1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm， and SIRT1， TLR4， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MYD88） and NF-κB p65 in cardiomyocytes. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of SIRT1， HMGB1， TLR4， MYD88 and NF-κB p65 in cardiomyocytes. ResultsThe optimal intervention concentration of isoproterenol hydrochloride was 300 μmol/L， and the intervention duration was 48 hours； 8% was the optimal intervention concentration of Shenfu Injection. Compared to those in the normal group， the cell activity， NAD+/NADH value， nuclear HMGB1 protein expression， cardiomyocyte SIRT1 protein and mRNA expression in the model group decreased， while the cell inhibition rate， cardiomyocyte acetylated HMGB1 and cytoplasmic HMGB1 protein expression， cardiomyocyte TLR4， MYD88， NF-κB p65 protein and mRNA expression all increased （P＜0.05）； fluorescence localization showed that the content of HMGB1 in cardiomyocytes in the model group increased and was localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.Compared to the model group and the SIRT1 inhibitor group， the Shenfu Injection group showed significant improvements in all the above indicators （P＜0.05）； fluorescence localization showed that the SIRT1 content increased in the Shenfu injection group， while the HMGB1 content decreased， and was mainly located in the nucleus. ConclusionShenfu Injection can improve myocardial cell damage by increasing SIRT1 expression to reduce the acetylation level of HMGB1， regulating the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of HMGB1.

Objective : To investigate the protective effect of dulaglutide on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) . Methods : Twenty⁃four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Control group (normal saline) , LPS group (LPS 15 mg/kg) , LPS + Dul group (LPS 15 mg/kg + Dulaglutide 0. 6 mg/kg) and Dul group (Dulaglutide 0. 6 mg/kg) with 6 mice in each group. The drug was administered by intraperitoneal injection. After drug intervention for 24 h , the body weight and kidney weight of mice were recorded , and kidney tissue and serum samples were collected. The pathological changes in kidney tissue were observed by HE staining. The serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels were detected by the kit. The levels of cytokines interleukin (IL⁃6) , tumor necrosis factor (TNF⁃α ) and IL⁃1β in the kidney were detected by qRT⁃PCR. The contents of macrophage marker F4/80 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in kidney were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results : Compared with Control group , mice in LPS group lost weight and increased kidney weight ( P < 0. 001) . Moreover, the levels of BUN and CRE increased (P < 0. 001 , P < 0. 01) . Meanwhile , the mRNA levels of IL⁃6 , IL⁃1β and TNF⁃α increased (P < 0. 05) . There was obvious pathological damage in kidney tissue. In addition , macrophage and neutrophil infiltration increased in LPS group ( P < 0. 001) . Compared with LPS group , mice in LPS + Dul group gained weight and lost kidney weight (P < 0. 05 , P < 0. 001) . Moreover, the levels of BUN and CRE in LPS + Dul group decreased (P < 0. 01) . The renal histological scores were reduced (P < 0. 05) . In addition , the levels of IL⁃6 , IL⁃1β and TNF⁃α in kidney tissue decreased (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) . Moreover, the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in kidney was reduced (P < 0. 01) . Conclusion Dulaglutide has a protective effect on LPS⁃induced sepsis AKI , which may be related to reduce the expression of inflammatory media⁃ tors and decrease the infiltration of inflammatory cell.

Objective:To investigate the role of three-dimensional dose distribution-based deep learning model in predicting distant metastasis of head and neck cancer.Methods:Radiotherapy and clinical follow-up data of 237 patients with head and neck cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) from 4 different institutions were collected. Among them, 131 patients from HGJ and CHUS institutions were used as the training set, 65 patients from CHUM institution as the validation set, and 41 patients from HMR institution as the test set. Three-dimensional dose distribution and GTV contours of 131 patients in the training set were input into the DM-DOSE model for training and then validated with validation set data. Finally, the independent test set data were used for evaluation. The evaluation content included the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, concordance index and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis.Results:In terms of prognostic prediction of distant metastasis of head and neck cancer, the DM-DOSE model based on three-dimensional dose distribution and GTV contours achieved the optimal prognostic prediction performance, with an AUC of 0.924, and could significantly distinguish patients with high and low risk of distant metastasis (log-rank test, P<0.001). Conclusion:Three-dimensional dose distribution has good predictive value for distant metastasis in head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT, and the constructed prediction model can effectively predict distant metastasis.

ObjectiveTo study the modeling characteristics of primary dysmenorrhea models in animals and to provide references for the standardization of the primary dysmenorrhea animal models. MethodThe research articles on animal models of primary dysmenorrhea were retrieved to establish a database. The types of experimental animals， modeling methods， modeling cycle， drug dosage， drug injection methods， high-frequency detection indicators， positive drug types， etc.， were summarized and analyzed. ResultA total of 171 research articles that met the criteria were included. The animals for primary dysmenorrhea model induction were mainly SD rats， Wistar rats， and Kunming mice. Most of them were prepared by combining estradiol and oxytocin with the modeling cycle of 9 d≤t≤12 d. In terms of drug dosage for rats， estradiol benzoate was 0.5 mg·d^-1 on the 1st and 10th days and 0.2 mg·d^-1 on the 2^nd to 9^th days， while oxytocin at 2 U·d^-1 was the most common. In terms of drug dosage for mice， diethylstilbestrol at 2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and oxytocin at 20 U·kg^-1·d^-1 were the most common. In terms of injection methods， oxytocin was mainly administered by intraperitoneal injection and estradiol （estradiol benzoate and diethylstilbestrol） by subcutaneous injection. The detection indicators were mainly behavioral indicators of the writhing assay or the related biochemical indicators in the uterus or serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive western medicines were dominated by ibuprofen and Chinese medicines by Tongjingbao. ConclusionAlthough primary dysmenorrhea animal models have become a hot topic， the existing reviews are not comprehensive， and the modeling standards and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome evaluation are inadequate. By summarizing and analyzing the big data of the animal models， this study proposed some specific views to provide guidance and references for establishing the standard and ideal animal models of primary dysmenorrhea， so as to carry out research on this disease.

【Objective】 To establish a practical and feasible blood management (PBM) model for clinical liver transplant patients, so as to optimize the perioperative blood usage and improve patient prognosis and survival rate. 【Methods】 Led by the Medical Department, a questionnaire survey Establishment and Implementation of a Blood Management Model for Organ Transplant Patients on the importance of establishing a PBM model for liver transplant patients in clinical practice was conducted among 71 staff from relevant departments such as the Anesthesiology Department, Hepatobiliary Department, Blood Transfusion Department, and ICU Medical Department. After statistical analysis, the important items of PBM for liver transplant patients were determined, and a (trial) plan was organized by the Medical Department and training was conducted by Blood Transfusion Department for medical staff training from departments as Anesthesiology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, and ICU; PBM measures for liver transplant patients before, during and after surgery were determined by the Anesthesiology Department, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Department, and ICU; PBM was fully implemented in the experimental group with liver transplant patients in our hospital in 2021 as subjects; 30 cases of liver transplantation performed in our hospital in 2020 were selected as the control group, and the general data, preoperative laboratory examination results, and preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative blood transfusion of the two groups of patients were compared. 【Results】 Compared with the control group, the experimental group did not receive any blood component transfusion before surgery. Intraoperative blood transfusion volume of allogeneic components: red blood cells(U) were 12.75(8.75, 18.63) vs 15.25(8.38, 26.13)(P>0.05), apheresis platelet (treatment volume) was 0(0, 2) vs 1(0, 4.25)(P>0.05), plasma(U) was 2 300(1 550, 3 763) vs 3 650(2 075, 5 400)(P<0.05); cryoprecipitate(U) was 0(0, 10) vs 10(0, 30)(P<0.05); Postoperative blood transfusion volume of allogeneic components were as follows: red blood cells(U) 8.00(3.38, 12.88) vs 11.25(4.75, 19.63)(P>0.05), platelets were not transfused, plasma(U) was 0(0, 0) vs 0(0, 600)(P>0.05), and cryoprecipitates were not transfused. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of PBM model for liver transplant patients and the application of its management measures before, during and after transplantation significantly reduced the intraoperative blood transfusion volume and improved the prognosis of patients after transplantation.