Natural products (NPs) are an important source of new drugs for the treatment of stroke. Identifying cellular targets for bioactive molecules is a major challenge and critical issue in the development of new drugs for stroke. Small-molecule probes play a unique role in target discovery. However, drawbacks to these probes include non-specificity, unstable activity, and difficulty in synthesis. Small-molecule probes based on NPs at least partially compensate for these shortcomings. NPs feature rich chemical and structural diversity, biocompatibility, and unique biological activities. These features could be exploited to provide new ideas and tools for target discovery. Small-molecule probes based on NPs provide a precise and direct search for interacting protein targets of NPs-active small molecules. This review explores the properties of small-molecule probes based on NPs and their applications in mechanistic studies of stroke and other diseases. We hope that this review will bring new perspectives to the mechanistic study of NPs-active small molecules and accelerate the translation of these ingredients into drug candidates for the treatment of stroke.

It is proposed that the brain Xuanfu and the glymphatic system(GS)have commonality in physiological structure and similarity in functions such as transporting brain substances,transmitting brain information and clearing metabolites.It is believed that GS may be the substantial manifestation of the brain Xuanfu,and GS dysfunction is the key pathological link of depression.Xuanfu stagnation and Shenji dysfunction are the core pathogenesis of depression.Taking"Brain Xuanfu-GS"as the starting point,the patho-logical mechanism of depression is deeply explored,providing a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of depression in traditional Chinese medicine.

BACKGROUND:The clearance pathway of metabolic waste in the brain is crucial for maintaining neural homeostasis.The accumulation of metabolic waste disrupts this equilibrium,representing a common pathological feature of many central nervous system diseases.In recent years,research focusing on the glymphatic system has emerged as a hotspot in the nervous system field.OBJECTIVE:To construct a knowledge map of glymphatic system research,visually analyze the current state of research,main hotspots,and future development trends within this area.METHODS:Utilizing CiteSpace,VOSviewer,and the Bibliometrix package in the R language environment,this study conducted an in-depth visual analysis of glymphatic system-related literature from the Web of Science Core Collection database,spanning from January 2012 to March 2024.This analysis included authors,institutions,countries,journals,keywords,and co-citation frequencies.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 687 related articles were included in this study.The number of publications in this field increased year by year,showing an explosive growth trend in the past three years.The countries,institutions,and authors with the largest number of publications in this research field were the United States,University of Rochester,and Professor Maiken Nedergaard.The journal with the highest number of publications was JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM.The high-frequent and high-central keywords mainly focused on the mechanism such as cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics,neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,and imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging.The literature with the highest co-citation frequency was a classic review of the glymphatic system.The above results show that the research of glymphatic system is an emerging and active field,which has attracted wide attention at home and abroad and gradually expand from theoretical research to clinical practice.

Objective:To identify different subtypes of patients with preeclampsia(PE)through clinical liver function index data-driven the cluster analysis,to explore the correlation between liver function of different sub-types and pregnancy complications.Methods:From January 2012 to December 2022,the general data of 2230 sin-gleton pregnant women with PE who underwent prenatal examination and delivered in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital were collected.Using 13 liver function indexes before delivery as baseline variables,all included subjects were classified into subtypes by cluster method.The clinical characteristics of different subtypes of PE patients were compared.Single-factor Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of pregnancy complications among subtypes.Results:PE patients were divided into 3 subgroups that represented different characteristics of patients' liver function.The first subtype(n=1065)exhibited abnormal liver enzymology index characterized by in-creased alkaline phosphatase(ALP)level.The second subtype(n=648)showed abnormal bilirubin metabolism index with the highest levels of total bilirubin(TBIL),direct(DBIL)and indirect bilirubin(IBIL).The third subtype(n=517)had abnormal liver enzymology indexes with elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels,abnormal bile acid detection indexes with elevated total bile acid(TBA)levels,and abnormal liver synthesis function indexes with decreased total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),and globulin lev-els(GLB).Significant differences were observed among the three subtypes in age,severe PE,anemia,cardiac dysfunction,and renal dysfunction(P＜0.05).Single-factor Logistic regression demonstrated that the third sub-type had significantly higher risks of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,fetal growth restriction,premature rup-ture of membranes,and preterm birth compared to the first and second subtypes(P＜0.05),as well as a higher risk of placental abruption than the second subtype(P＜0.05).The first subtype had higher risks of placental ab-ruption and fetal growth restriction than the second subtype(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Cluster analysis could be used to subclassify PE patients by liver function characteristics,so as to identify the occurrence of pregnancy complications.The results had significance for understanding the heterogeneity of PE and promoting individualized management.

It is proposed that the brain Xuanfu and the glymphatic system(GS)have commonality in physiological structure and similarity in functions such as transporting brain substances,transmitting brain information and clearing metabolites.It is believed that GS may be the substantial manifestation of the brain Xuanfu,and GS dysfunction is the key pathological link of depression.Xuanfu stagnation and Shenji dysfunction are the core pathogenesis of depression.Taking"Brain Xuanfu-GS"as the starting point,the patho-logical mechanism of depression is deeply explored,providing a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of depression in traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To identify different subtypes of patients with preeclampsia(PE)through clinical liver function index data-driven the cluster analysis,to explore the correlation between liver function of different sub-types and pregnancy complications.Methods:From January 2012 to December 2022,the general data of 2230 sin-gleton pregnant women with PE who underwent prenatal examination and delivered in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital were collected.Using 13 liver function indexes before delivery as baseline variables,all included subjects were classified into subtypes by cluster method.The clinical characteristics of different subtypes of PE patients were compared.Single-factor Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of pregnancy complications among subtypes.Results:PE patients were divided into 3 subgroups that represented different characteristics of patients' liver function.The first subtype(n=1065)exhibited abnormal liver enzymology index characterized by in-creased alkaline phosphatase(ALP)level.The second subtype(n=648)showed abnormal bilirubin metabolism index with the highest levels of total bilirubin(TBIL),direct(DBIL)and indirect bilirubin(IBIL).The third subtype(n=517)had abnormal liver enzymology indexes with elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels,abnormal bile acid detection indexes with elevated total bile acid(TBA)levels,and abnormal liver synthesis function indexes with decreased total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),and globulin lev-els(GLB).Significant differences were observed among the three subtypes in age,severe PE,anemia,cardiac dysfunction,and renal dysfunction(P＜0.05).Single-factor Logistic regression demonstrated that the third sub-type had significantly higher risks of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,fetal growth restriction,premature rup-ture of membranes,and preterm birth compared to the first and second subtypes(P＜0.05),as well as a higher risk of placental abruption than the second subtype(P＜0.05).The first subtype had higher risks of placental ab-ruption and fetal growth restriction than the second subtype(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Cluster analysis could be used to subclassify PE patients by liver function characteristics,so as to identify the occurrence of pregnancy complications.The results had significance for understanding the heterogeneity of PE and promoting individualized management.

BACKGROUND:The clearance pathway of metabolic waste in the brain is crucial for maintaining neural homeostasis.The accumulation of metabolic waste disrupts this equilibrium,representing a common pathological feature of many central nervous system diseases.In recent years,research focusing on the glymphatic system has emerged as a hotspot in the nervous system field.OBJECTIVE:To construct a knowledge map of glymphatic system research,visually analyze the current state of research,main hotspots,and future development trends within this area.METHODS:Utilizing CiteSpace,VOSviewer,and the Bibliometrix package in the R language environment,this study conducted an in-depth visual analysis of glymphatic system-related literature from the Web of Science Core Collection database,spanning from January 2012 to March 2024.This analysis included authors,institutions,countries,journals,keywords,and co-citation frequencies.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 687 related articles were included in this study.The number of publications in this field increased year by year,showing an explosive growth trend in the past three years.The countries,institutions,and authors with the largest number of publications in this research field were the United States,University of Rochester,and Professor Maiken Nedergaard.The journal with the highest number of publications was JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM.The high-frequent and high-central keywords mainly focused on the mechanism such as cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics,neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,and imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging.The literature with the highest co-citation frequency was a classic review of the glymphatic system.The above results show that the research of glymphatic system is an emerging and active field,which has attracted wide attention at home and abroad and gradually expand from theoretical research to clinical practice.

Objective:To analyze the changing trends of the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Hangzhou City, and to provide a basis for further formulating prevention and control measures.Methods:The epidemic data of brucellosis in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2021 were collected from the "China Disease Control and Prevention Information System" and the annual reports, compilations and summaries of prevention and control work of brucellosis in Hangzhou City, and the epidemiological characteristics and trends of brucellosis cases in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2009, 2010 to 2015, and 2016 to 2021 were compared and analyzed.Results:A total of 186 cases of brucellosis were diagnosed in Hangzhou City from 2004 to 2021, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.151/100 000, ranging from 0.016/100 000 to 0.286/100 000. The incidence rate showed a stage-by-stage upward trend from 2004 to 2009, 2010 to 2015, and 2016 to 2021 ( Z = 3.15, P = 0.002). The age of onset of brucellosis cases was predominantly 18 - 60 years old, accounting for 78.49% (146/186). The male-to-female ratio was 2.10∶1.00 (126∶60). The occupational and non-occupational populations accounted for 62.90% (117/186) and 37.10% (69/186), respectively, with the proportion of non-occupational cases in the three stages being 28.57%, 23.29% and 51.76%, showing an increasing trend (χ 2trend = 9.85, P = 0.002). The regional distribution was dominated by Yuhang District, accounting for 55.91% (104/186), followed by Jianggan District (9.14%, 17/186) and Fuyang District (7.53%, 14/186). The number of brucellosis epidemic counties (cities, districts) increased from 6 to 9. The seasonal analysis showed that the proportion of cases from January to June decreased from 84.93% (23/28) from 2004 to 2009 to 54.12% (46/85) from 2016 to 2021. The proportion of infection from outside the province in the three stages was 0, 10.96% and 27.38%, respectively, showing an upward trend (χ 2trend = 18.16, P < 0.001), the main infected areas were Henan Province, Heilongjiang Province, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In clinical symptoms and signs, the incidence of muscle and joint pain and low back pain increased from 60.71% (17/28) and 10.71% (3/28) from 2004 to 2009, respectively, to 83.53% (71/85) and 25.88% (22/85) from 2016 to 2021, both showing an upward trend (χ 2trend = 9.92, 4.67, P = 0.002, 0.031). Conclusions:The incidence of human brucellosis in Hangzhou City is on the rise, and the number of cases of non-occupational population has increased significantly in recent years. The sheep breeding places have gradually become the high incidence areas of brucellosis in Hangzhou City. It is recommended to strengthen the promotion and education of knowledge on brucellosis prevention among the general public, and focus on actively monitoring human brucellosis in high-risk areas.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Hangzhou City and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide a basis for guiding pregnant women in Hangzhou City to supplement iodine scientifically.Methods:A stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 1 400 pregnant women in Hangzhou City from March to October 2018. Random urine samples and household salt samples from pregnant women were collected, and the levels of urine iodine and salt iodine were measured using arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry and direct titration, respectively. The iodine nutritional status of pregnant women with different basic characteristics and dietary levels were analyzed and compared (Kruskal-Wallis test), and the main influencing factors affecting the urinary iodine concentration level of pregnant women were identified (the ordinal multiple classification logistic regression analysis).Results:The median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 135.00 μg/L, and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate of pregnant women was 83.36% (1 167/1 400). In terms of basic characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution level of urine iodine among pregnant women with different pregnancy frequency, delivery frequency, and natural abortion frequency ( P < 0.05). In terms of diet, the frequency of consuming milk, yogurt, meat, and whether pregnant women consumed cabbage and cauliflower showed statistically significant differences in urinary iodine distribution levels ( P < 0.05). Ordinal multiple classification logistic regression analysis showed that the urine iodine levels of pregnant women who were pregnant twice were higher than those who were pregnant ≥3 times ( OR = 1.64, P = 0.003). Pregnant women who never or occasionally consumed yogurt had lower urine iodine levels than or equal to those who consumed 2 bottles of yogurt per day ( OR = 0.53, P = 0.044). Pregnant women who never or occasionally consumed meat and those who consumed meat once a week had higher urinary iodine levels than that who consumed meat ≥2 times per week ( OR = 1.40, 1.47, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The overall iodine nutrition of pregnant women in Hangzhou City is at an deficiency level. Pregnancy experience and dietary level are influencing factors on iodine nutrition of pregnant women. It is necessary to carry out in-depth health education for pregnant women, improve the dietary structure during pregnancy, and improve the abnormal iodine nutrition of pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and advantages of Tianji orthopedic robot assisted cannulated screw internal fixation for femoral neck fracture. METHODS: The clinical data of 41 patients with femoral neck fracture who underwent internal fixation with cannulated screws from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into Tianji robot group and traditional cannulated screw fixation group (traditional operation group). Among them, there were 18 patients in Tianji robot group including 8 males and 10 females with age of (56.00±4.22) years old, Garden typeⅠ (4 cases), type Ⅱ (11 cases), type Ⅲ (2 cases), and type Ⅳ (1 case). There were 23 patients in the traditional operation group, including 10 males and 13 females, aged (54.87±4.81) years old;there were 5 cases of Garden typeⅠ, 14 cases of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲ and 1 case of type Ⅳ. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy times, guide needle placement times, operation costs and other indicators were observed and compared between two groups. Harris score was used to evaluate hip joint function 12 months after operation. RESULTS: The wounds of all patients healed in Grade A without complications. There were significant differences between two groups in terms of operation time, times of intraoperative fluoroscopy, times of guide needle placement, amount of intraoperative bleeding, and operation cost (P<0.05). All 41 patients were followed up for at least 12 months. The fractures of both groups were healed. There was no infection, screw loosening, fracture displacement and femoral head necrosis in Tianji robot group during follow-up;Screw loosening occurred in 2 patients in the traditional operation group during follow-up. At 12 months after operation, Harris hip joint function score of Tianji robot group was higher than that of traditional operation group in daily activity, lameness, joint activity score and total score (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Tianji robot assisted nail placement is a better method for the treatment of femoral neck fracture, which improves the surgical efficiency, is more accurate, has higher success rate of one-time nail placement, shorter operation time, less radiation, and has better hip joint function recovery after surgery.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Robotics ; Retrospective Studies ; Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery* ; Bone Screws ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Treatment Outcome