Objective: To examine the effect of posterior reduction in atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) associated with basilar invagination(BI) using Xuanwu occipital-cervical fusion system in single stage. Methods: Thirty-seven AAD accompanied with BI cases treated at Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical Universiy and the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospective analyzed. There were 15 males and 22 females with age of (42.3±12.3) years (range: 18-69 years). All the cases had congenital osseous abnormalities, such as assimilation of atlas and abnormal cervical fusion. Anterior tissue was released through posterior route followed by cage implantation into facet joint and occipital-cervical fixation with cantilever technique. The clinical results were evaluated using Japanese Orthopedic Association scale(JOA) and the main radiological measurements including anterior atlantodental interval (ADI), the distance of odontoid tip above Chamberlain line, clivus-canal angle(CCA) and the length of syrinx were collected. The preoperative and postoperative JOA score and radiological measurements were compared by paired t-test. Results: The mean JOA score of the patients increased from 10.5 to 14.4 at the one-year follow-up(t=14.3, P=0.00). Complete reduction of AAD and BI was achieved in 34 patients.The mean clivus-canal angle improved from (118.0±6.5) degrees preoperative to (143.7±5.0) degrees postoperative(t=6.2, P=0.00). Shrinkage of the syrinx was observed 1 week after surgery in 24 patients, and 6 months in 31 patients.Twenty-eight patients achieved bone fusion 6 months after surgery. All the patients achieved bone fusion 12 months after surgery. One-side vertebral artery occlusion was diagnosed in 1 case postoperatively for transient dizziness, and relieved in 2 weeks.Two patients developed moderate neck pain after surgery, and relieved in 1 month. No implant failure, spacer subsidence or infection was observed. Conclusions The treatment of AAD associated with BI using Xuanwu occipital-cervical fusion system from posterior approach in single stage is effective and safe. Cage implantation intraarticularly and fixation with cantilever technique achieve complete reduction in most cases.

Objective To examine the effect of posterior reduction in atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) associated with basilar invagination(BI) using Xuanwu occipital?cervical fusion system in single stage. Methods Thirty?seven AAD accompanied with BI cases treated at Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical Universiy and the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospective analyzed. There were 15 males and 22 females with age of (42.3 ± 12.3)years (range: 18-69 years). All the cases had congenital osseous abnormalities, such as assimilation of atlas and abnormal cervical fusion. Anterior tissue was released through posterior route followed by cage implantation into facet joint and occipital?cervical fixation with cantilever technique. The clinical results were evaluated using Japanese Orthopedic Association scale(JOA) and the main radiological measurements including anterior atlantodental interval (ADI),the distance of odontoid tip above Chamberlain line,clivus?canal angle(CCA) and the length of syrinx were collected. The preoperative and postoperative JOA score and radiological measurements were compared by paired t?test. Results The mean JOA score of the patients increased from 10.5 to 14.4 at the one?year follow?up(t=14.3,P=0.00).Complete reduction of AAD and BI was achieved in 34 patients.The mean clivus?canal angle improved from (118.0±6.5)degrees preoperative to (143.7±5.0)degrees postoperative(t=6.2,P=0.00).Shrinkage of the syrinx was observed 1 week after surgery in 24 patients,and 6 months in 31 patients.Twenty?eight patients achieved bone fusion 6 months after surgery. All the patients achieved bone fusion 12 months after surgery. One?side vertebral artery occlusion was diagnosed in 1 case postoperatively for transient dizziness,and relieved in 2 weeks.Two patients developed moderate neck pain after surgery, and relieved in 1 month. No implant failure, spacer subsidence or infection was observed. Conclusions The treatment of AAD associated with BI using Xuanwu occipital?cervical fusion system from posterior approach in single stage is effective and safe. Cage implantation intraarticularly and fixation with cantilever technique achieve complete reduction in most cases.

Objective To examine the effect of posterior reduction in atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) associated with basilar invagination(BI) using Xuanwu occipital?cervical fusion system in single stage. Methods Thirty?seven AAD accompanied with BI cases treated at Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical Universiy and the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospective analyzed. There were 15 males and 22 females with age of (42.3 ± 12.3)years (range: 18-69 years). All the cases had congenital osseous abnormalities, such as assimilation of atlas and abnormal cervical fusion. Anterior tissue was released through posterior route followed by cage implantation into facet joint and occipital?cervical fixation with cantilever technique. The clinical results were evaluated using Japanese Orthopedic Association scale(JOA) and the main radiological measurements including anterior atlantodental interval (ADI),the distance of odontoid tip above Chamberlain line,clivus?canal angle(CCA) and the length of syrinx were collected. The preoperative and postoperative JOA score and radiological measurements were compared by paired t?test. Results The mean JOA score of the patients increased from 10.5 to 14.4 at the one?year follow?up(t=14.3,P=0.00).Complete reduction of AAD and BI was achieved in 34 patients.The mean clivus?canal angle improved from (118.0±6.5)degrees preoperative to (143.7±5.0)degrees postoperative(t=6.2,P=0.00).Shrinkage of the syrinx was observed 1 week after surgery in 24 patients,and 6 months in 31 patients.Twenty?eight patients achieved bone fusion 6 months after surgery. All the patients achieved bone fusion 12 months after surgery. One?side vertebral artery occlusion was diagnosed in 1 case postoperatively for transient dizziness,and relieved in 2 weeks.Two patients developed moderate neck pain after surgery, and relieved in 1 month. No implant failure, spacer subsidence or infection was observed. Conclusions The treatment of AAD associated with BI using Xuanwu occipital?cervical fusion system from posterior approach in single stage is effective and safe. Cage implantation intraarticularly and fixation with cantilever technique achieve complete reduction in most cases.

Objective To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) on the expression of inflammatory factors in rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Methods BMSC extracted from the 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was cultivated and identified in vitro, then the 4th passage of which was used in the experimental study. Sixty SD rats were randomly(random number) divided into three groups (n=20 in each group): Sham group (SG), MODS group (MG) and BMSC group (BG). Rats in the MG was injected by 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccaride (LPS) via great saphenous vein, rats in the SG injected with the same volume sterile phosphate buffer saline and rats in the BG infused by 1×106/cells BMSCs through the tail vein at 2 h after LPS injection. The survival rate, tissue pathological changes of the lung, liver and heart by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, organ dysfunction measurement by blood gas analysis and biochemical indicators as well as the related inflammatory factors by protein microarray and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were detected 72 h post operation. Multi-group quantitative data was analyzed by one way ANOVA, paired-comparisons by LSD-t test and the comparisons of survival curves in the three groups by Log-rank test. The value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The survival rate in SG, MG and BG was 100％, 60％ and 80％, respectively. The survival curves showed that the survival rate of SG was higher than the MG and BG (SG vs. MG, χ2=9.798, P=0.0017; SG vs. BG, χ2=4.333, P=0.0374), but there was no significant difference comparing the BG to the MG (χ2=2.408, P=0.1207). The tissue congestion and edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung, liver, and heart of the MG were observed by HE staining, while these changes reduced in the BG. Compared with the SG, the levels of pH and PaCO2 and lactic acid (Lac) increased significantly (all P<0.01), the level of total bilirubin (TB) significantly increased [(0.801±0.501)U/L vs. (2.533±0.382)U/L, P=0.003], while the albumin(ALB) level decreased significantly[(35.471±4.015)U/L vs. (23.202±4.872)U/L, P<0.01], and creatine kinase (CK) level increased significantly in MG [(315.670±41.402) vs. (708.250±219.201), P=0.042]. After BMSC treatment, the organ function improved significantly (all P<0.05). Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were the differential expression factors in protein chips. The results of ELISA were similar to the protein chips: compared with the SG, IFN-γ and MCP-1 expressions in the MG increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with MG, the expressions of IFN-γ and MCP-1 decreased significantly in the BG (P<0.01). Conclusion BMSC administration could modulate the inflammatory response of MODS rats by inhibiting the levels of IFN-γ and MCP-1, and improve the organ function and the survival rate.

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) modulating the inflammatory response during the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), especially the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which will provide new theoretical and experimental basis of MODS in clinic. Methods BMSC of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat (female, 4 weeks) was extracted and cultivated, and the 4th passage were used in experimental study. According to the random number table, 60 female SD rats were divided into three groups (n = 20 per group): sham group, MODS group, BMSC group. MODS model in rats was induced by lipopolysaccaride (LPS, 1 mg/kg) via femoral vein injection. Sham group was injected with the sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) in the same volume. BMSC group, in which BMSC infusion was started at 2 hours after 0.5 mL LPS stimulation (1×106/cells) through the tail vein. The survival rate was observed after 72 hours in each group. Abdominal aortic blood was collected for routine blood and biochemical examination at 72 hours after operation. Protein microarray was used to detect the related 34 inflammatory cytokines. Signal ratio was defined as the differentially expressed factors when it was more than 2.0 or less than 0.5. And enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was be applied to validate the significant inflammation factor. Meanwhile, the heart, kidney, intestine tissue was harvested, then their pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining.Results 20, 12, 16 rats lived in sham group, MODS group and BMSC group respectively at 72 hours after operation. Compared with the sham group, the indicators (routine blood, liver and kidney function, myocardial enzyme) were apparently unusual, and the heart, kidney, intestine tissue were injured obviously in the MODS group. After BMSC administration, the organ function was improved and tissue damaged was alleviated significantly. Protein microarray showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were significantly different in 34 goal cytokines. The signal ratio change of IL-4 was 0.397, 1.124, 2.826 respectively, and the signal ratio of RAGE was 6.197, 1.552, 0.250, respectively in MODS/sham group, BMSC/sham group, BMSC/MODS group. ELISA validated the result that the expression level of IL-4 decreased significantly (ng/L:3.59±1.21 vs. 29.10±5.78) and the expression level of RAGE increased significantly (ng/L: 1.09±0.04 vs. 0.11±0.03) in MODS group as compared with sham group (bothP < 0.05). Compared with the MODS group, the level of IL-4 was obviously higher than that in BMSC group (ng/L: 9.59±2.21 vs. 3.59±1.21,P < 0.01), and RAGE decreased significantly (ng/L: 0.29±0.07 vs. 1.09±0.04,P < 0.05).Conclusions BMSC administration can regulate the expression of IL-4 and RAGE in the rats subjected to MODS. Moreover, BMSC can promote the restoration of tissue and organ function, thus improve the survival rate. BMSC may be the target in cell therapy for the inflammatory disease.

The culture of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells is extremely important for studies on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Optimization of cellculture technology is crucial for clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells and even celltherapy. Meanwhile, the labeling and tracer technique of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells is a hotspot in stem celltransplantation. OBJECTIVE:To review the research and development of the cellmarkers and tracer methods of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:A computer-based search of VIP, CNKI, Medline, Highwire and Foreign Journals Integration System databases was performed for articles concerning culture and labeling of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells published from January 2001 to October 2013. The keywords were“stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymalstem cells, cellculture, labeling methods”in Chinese and English, respectively. Final y, 35 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells have not yet been widely used, mainly because of the immature isolation, culture and staining techniques of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These techniques are worthy of further optimization studies. Although in recent years, cellmarkers and tracer technology of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell s have made great progress, there are stil many problems need to be solved.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin1-7 (Ang1-7) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis of diabetic rats.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group,diabetic group,telmisartan group,Ang1-7-treated group.For 9 weeks after diabetes mellitus model established,24 h proteinuria,urine NAG/Cr,glucose,insulin,TG,TC,BUN,Scr,Na+ and K+ were assessed.Renal pathological changes were evaluated by PAS staining; Expression of TGF-β1,PPARγ and α-SMA mRNA was deteeted by real-time PCR; Protein levels of PPARγ,α-SMA and TGF-β1 were detected by Western blotting.Results (1)At the end of the ninth week,the blood pressure,proteinuria,renal weight/body weight in group DM were significantly higher than those in group NC (P＜0.05).(2)Renal interstitial fibrosis in group DM was obviously severe as compared to group NC (P＜0.05),but was improved in group TM and group T(P＜0.05).(3)TGF-β1 and α-SMA mRNA in group DM were significantly increased,and PPARγ mRNA was significantly decreased.Compared with group DM,TGF-β1 and α-SMA mRNA were significantly decreased,and PPARγ mRNA was significantly increased in group TM and group T,especially in group T.(4)TGF-β1 and α-SMA in group DM were significantly increased,and PPARγ decreased significantly.Compared with group DM,TGF-β1 and α-SMA decreased significantly,PPARγ increased significantly in group TM and group T,especially in group T.Conclusion Ang1-7 inhibits high glucose-induced α-SMA expression in vivo through up-regulating the PPAR expression and may inhibit renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis of diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the suppression of mrp1 and MRP1 induced by small interfering RNA and the restoration of sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in the multidrug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2/mrp1. Methods mrp1-targeted small interfering RNA duplexes were designed and composed and introduced into multidrug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2/mrp1. The suppression of mrp1 mRNA and its gene product MRP1 was examined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. MTT assay was performed to measure the reverse effect of small interfering RNA based on the results of ICs0. Results The overexpression of mrp1 mRNA and MRP1 was effectively suppressed by small interfering RNAs. The level of mrp1 mRNA in the transfected HepG2/mrp1 cells was reduced to (86.36±2.76)% and MRP1 to (89.38±3.76)%compared with those of the controls. The resistance to ADR was reversed five-fold, which indicated the restoration of sensitivity to drugs. Conclusion Small interfering RNA can inhibit mrp1 expression effectively and reverse the multidrug resistance mediated by MRP1.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of marital quality and social support status of the patients with breast cancer during the period of chemotherapy and the correlation of both factors.Methods Seventy-seven patients with breast cancer were divided into beginning-, middle-and final-staging groups of chemotherapy.And they were studied with Olson marital quality questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale.Results The total scores of marital quality and other factors were the lowest in the mid-chemotherapy group.Among three groups,the mean of the objective support and availability were gradually increased with the chemotherapy going.The score of objective support was higher in the final than beginning chemotherapy groups (P =0.009).There was a positive correlation between marital satisfaction and the objective support (r =0.248, P =0.036), and between the total score of quality of marriage and subjective support (r =0.286, P = 0.015).Conclusion The marital quality of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy is poor,and subjective or and objective support might improve the patient's marital quality.