Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of esophageal mucosa damage caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its incidence is on the rise， and it has become an important precancerous disease of esophageal cancer. Studies have shown that the continuous inflammatory response stimulates the esophageal mucosa， causing abnormal proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells and damage to esophageal mucosal tissue， which eventually leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous hyperplasia and even carcinogenesis. The nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is one of the most classical inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. It has been found that abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial to the development and prognosis of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. It is widely involved in the proliferation， autophagy， apoptosis， and inflammatory response of esophageal epithelial cells and tumor cells， accelerating the transformation of reflux esophagitis to esophageal cancer and making it a potential target for the treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. Currently， there is no specific treatment for reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， and large side effects often appear. Therefore， finding a promising and safe drug remains a top priority. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine scholars have conducted a lot of research on NF-κB signaling pathway， and the results indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is an important potential target for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， but there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant studies in recent years， analyzed the relationship among NF-κB signaling pathway， reflux esophagitis， esophageal cancer， and transformation from inflammation to cancer， and reviewed the research literature on the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer （EC） is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with an extremely poor prognosis. MicroRNA （miRNA） is an important regulator in tumor occurrence and development， and can participate in malignant biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of accurate curative effects， wide range of effects， and few side effects. The review uses miRNA as the entry point to systematically elaborate on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-mediated miRNA intervening in EC. The results showed that active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （including curcumin， Tussilago farfara polysaccharides， Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides and ophiopogonin B） and Dougen guanshitong oral liquid could up-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miRNA-532-3p （miR-532-3p）， miR-551b-3p， miR-99a， miR-34a， miR-199a-3p and miR-377； and the active ingredients/parts of traditional Chinese medicine （including chrysin and Actinidia arguta extract）， and Chinese herbal formulas （including Chaihu shugan san combined with Xuanfu daizhe decoction and Modified jupi zhuru decoction） could down-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miR-199a-3p， miR-451 and miR-21， which could regulate the expressions of signaling pathways （phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B， etc.） or their downstream protein（zinc-finger and homeobox protein 1， etc.） or enzymes（thymidine kinase-1， etc.）， inhibit the proliferation， invasion and metastasis of EC cells and induce apoptosis， thereby ultimately achieving the purpose of preventing the disease from aggravating.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of anthoxanthin on the proliferation and apopto-sis of human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and its possible mechanism.Methods:SGC7901 was cultured in the medium containing different concentrations(0,20,40,80 μ mol/L)of antho-cyanin.Hoechst staining,MTT colorimetry and flow cytometry were used to verify the effect of Form on the inhibition rate,cell cycle,nuclear morphology and apoptosis.Western Blotting was used to test the level of β-Catenin、p-β-Catenin,CyclinD1,CDK4,p-AKT,AKT,BCL-2,BAX,caspase3 and other proteins.The mRNA expression of BCL-2,CDK4,CDK6,AKT,CyclinD1,BAX,Caspase3 was detected by RT-PCR.Results:MTT results showed that the inhibitory effect of Form on SGC7901 was concentration dependent and time dependent.Hoechst staining showed that the cells in the experimental group(20,40,80 μ mol/L),the phenomenon of pyknosis and dissolution of the nucleus,even granular aggregation after rupture.Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of the experimental group(20 μ mol/L,40 μ mol/L,80 μ mol/L)was 17.0％,21.5％,32.5％respectively after treated with different concentrations of Form for 48 hours,which was positively correlated with the drug concentration.RT-PCR showed that caspase3 and BAX mRNA expression increased with the increase of Form intervention concentration(P＜0.01);the mRNA expression of BCL-2,CDK4,CDK6,AKT,CyclinD1 decreased(P＜0.01).WB results showed that β-Catenin、p-β-Catenin,Cy-clinD1,CDK4 and p-AKT,AKT,BCL-2 decreased with the increase of Form intervention concentra-tion(P＜0.01);The relative expression of caspase3,BAX and other proteins increased(P＜0.01).Con-clusion:Form can promote apoptosis of SGC7901,and the possible mechanism is to inhibit Wnt/β-Catenin signal;it also mediates the activation of Caspase family.

A comprehensive analytical method based on ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was established for simultaneous determination of the content of 45 bioactive constituents including flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, phenolic acids, and nucleosides in Epimedium brevicornum. The multiple bioactive constituents in leaves, petioles, stems and rhizomes of E. brevicornum were analyzed. The gradient elution was performed at 30 ℃ in an XBridge~® C_(18) column(4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm) with 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1). Single factor experiment and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the extraction conditions. Multivariate statistical analyses including systematic cluster analysis(SCA), principal component analysis(PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), and one-way analysis of variance(One-way ANOVA) were carried out to classify the samples from different parts and identify different constituents. Grey relation analysis(GRA) and entropy weight-TOPSIS analysis were performed to build a multi-index comprehensive evaluation model for different parts of E. brevicornum. The results showed that there was a good relationship between the mass concentrations of 45 constituents and the corresponding peak areas, with the correlation coefficients(r) not less than 0.999 0. The precision, repeatability, and stability of the established method were good for all the target constituents in this study, with the relative standard deviations(RSDs) less than 5.0%(0.62%-4.9%) and the average recovery of 94.51%-105.7%. The above results indicated that the bioactive constituents varied in different parts of E. brevicornum, and the overall quality followed the trend of leaves > petioles > rhizomes > stems. This study verified the rationality of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) stipulating that the medicinal part of E. brevicornum is the leaf. Moreover, our study indicated that the rhizome had the potential for medicinal development. The established method was accurate and reliable, which can be used to comprehensive evaluate and control the quality of E. brevicornum. This study provides data reference for clarifying the medicinal parts and rationally utilizing the resources of E. brevicornum.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Epimedium ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Multivariate Analysis

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical features of children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from December 1 to 31, 2022 (during the epidemic of Omicron variant; Omicron group), and the children with febrile seizures (without Omicron variant infection) who were admitted from December 1 to 31, in 2021 were included as the non-Omicron group. Clinical features were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 381 children in the Omicron group (250 boys and 131 girls), with a mean age of (3.2±2.4) years. There were 112 children in the non-Omicron group (72 boys and 40 girls), with a mean age of (3.5±1.8) years. The number of children in the Omicron group was 3.4 times that in the non-Omicron group. The proportion of children in two age groups, aged 1 to <2 years and 6-10.83 years, in the Omicron group was higher than that in the non-Omicron group, while the proportion of children in two age groups, aged 4 to <5 years and 5 to <6 years, was lower in the Omicron group than that in the non-Omicron group (P<0.05).The Omicron group had a significantly higher proportion of children with cluster seizures and status convulsion than the non-Omicron group (P<0.05). Among the children with recurrence of febrile seizures, the proportion of children aged 6-10.83 years in the Omicron group was higher than that in the non-Omicron group, while the proportion of children aged 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years in the Omicron group was lower than that in the non-Omicron group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with febrile seizures after Omicron variant infection tend to have a wider age range, with an increase in the proportion of children with cluster seizures and status convulsion during the course of fever.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Seizures, Febrile/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Fever ; Epidemics ; Epilepsy, Generalized

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide， with increasing incidence and mortality rates. The disease often develops covertly and lacks specific symptoms in its early stages， leading to late-stage diagnoses in most patients. It has become a prominent research topic in the field of digestive system tumors. The exact mechanisms underlying CRC are not yet clear and involve factors such as genetics， gene mutations， inflammatory responses， and aberrant activation of tumor-related signaling pathways. Nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） is a crucial transcription factor that participates in various biological processes， including inflammatory responses， immune responses， cell proliferation， and apoptosis. Research suggests that NF-κB， serving as a molecular link between inflammation and cancer， is highly expressed in CRC. It promotes the occurrence and development of CRC by regulating the activity of target genes such as cell pro-inflammatory factors， chemokines， angiogenic factors， metastasis factors， and anti-apoptotic proteins. Currently， common treatments for CRC include surgery， radiation therapy， and chemotherapy drugs like 5-fluorouracil. However， these treatments have limitations such as significant adverse reactions， high metastasis rates， and the development of drug resistance. Therefore， the search for effective， low-adverse-reaction drugs to replace or supplement current treatments is essential. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown some effectiveness in preventing and treating CRC. TCM has been found to inhibit the growth of CRC cells by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway， playing a positive role in the occurrence and progression of CRC. Based on the asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality and deficiency-excess in complexity in CRC， this article summarized and analyzed the mechanisms and effects of TCM interventions targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway in CRC， and reviewed advances of 10 Chinese medicinal compound formulas and 37 Chinese medicinal monomer components of different types， including flavonoids， phenols， alkaloids， glycosides， and terpenoids with the effects of dispelling pathogenic factors， reinforcing healthy qi， and removing toxins in the prevention and treatment of CRC by targeting the NF-κB pathway. It is found that Chinese medicine can inhibit CRC cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis， angiogenesis， and inflammation by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway， induce cell apoptosis， restore drug and radiation sensitivity， and counteract CRC. This article is expected to provide insights and references for the in-depth exploration and treatment of CRC mechanisms.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flap (SIF) for repairing the defect of parotid or auricle regions after tumor resection. Methods: From February 2019 to June 2021, 12 patients (11 males and 1 female, aged 54-77 years old), of whom 4 with parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma and 8 with auricular basal cell carcinoma underwent reconstruction surgery for postoperative defects in the parotid gland area and auricular area with SIF in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Size of the SIF, time for harvesting SIF, neck lymph node dissection and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The flap areas were (6-9) cm × (8-13) cm, and the harvesting time for SIF ranged from 40 to 80 min, averaging 51.7 min. The donor sites were directly closed. All patients underwent ipsilateral levels Ⅰ-Ⅲ neck dissection, with 4 cases undergoing additional level Ⅳ neck dissection and 2 cases undergoing level Ⅳ-Ⅴ neck dissection. Of the 12 SIF, 10 were completely survival and 2 had flap arterial crisis with partial flap necrosis, in addition, 1 had donor site wound dehiscence. With follow-up of 10-42 months, there were no tumor recurrences in 10 patients, 1 patient was lost to follow-up at 10 months postoperatively, and 1 patient experienced local tumor recurrence at 11 months after surgery and died 15 months later. Conclusion: SIF is an easily harvested flap with good skin features matching the skin in parotid and auricle regions and less damage to donor site, and this flap has no need for microvascular anastomosis technique. SIF is feasible and effective for repairing defects in parotid and auricle area.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Parotid Gland/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Surgical Flaps/blood supply* ; Skin Transplantation/methods* ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most destructive malignant tumors； the pathogenesis of this disease is complex and is closely related to genetic susceptibility， chronic pancreatitis， and gene mutations in signaling pathways. The phosphoinositide 3- kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway is a classical cancer signaling pathway that is aberrantly activated in pancreatic cancer cells. In recent years， it has been found that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） monomers show special activity in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and can be potential drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Based on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， this paper summarizes the mechanism of TCM monomer intervening in pancreatic cancer and finds that TCM monomer of alkaloids （sinomenine， dictamnine， dauricine， etc.）， terpenoids （saikosaponin A， linderalactone， isoalantolactone， etc.）， phenols （6-gingerol， curcumin， pterostilbene， etc.）， flavonoids （fisetin， kaempferol， quercetin， etc.） and quinones （β-hydroxyisovaleryl shikonin， rhein， lucidone， etc.） can inhibit the proliferation， invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells， regulate autophagy and apoptosis， and then inhibit the pathological process of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Krüppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) plays a key regulatory role in endothelial inflammation, thrombosis, angiogenesis and macrophage inflammation and polarization, and up-regulation of KLF2 expression has the potential to prevent and treatment atherosclerosis. In this study, trichostatin C (TSC) was obtained from the secondary metabolites of rice fermentation of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 203909 as a KLF2 up-regulator by using a high throughput screening model based on a KLF2 promoter luciferase reporter assay. TSC significantly inhibited the adhesion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) induced monocytes (THP-1) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Western blot results showed that TSC decreased TNFα induced the protein expression increase of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and thereby inhibited endothelial inflammation. The results of histone deacetylase (HDAC) overexpression and molecular docking experiments showed that TSC upregulated the expression of KLF2 by inhibiting subtypes of HDAC 4/5/7. In conclusion, this study suggests that TSC up-regulates the expression of KLF2 through inhibiting HDAC 4/5/7 and thus inhibits TNFα induced endothelial inflammation, and it has the potential to prevent and treat atherosclerosis.