Objective: To investigate the characteristics and potential risk factors associated with HIV infection among newly reported HIV positive male student cases in Jiangsu Province from 2023 to 2024, so as to provide evidence for targeted intervention strategies. Methods: Data were obtained from the China CDC Surveillance System on newly reported HIV positive male student cases from 2023 to 2024. A survey was conducted to collect information on demographic characteristics, knowledge of AIDS prevention, education and training history, HIV testing history, behavioral and substance use patterns, and other relevant factors prior to HIV diagnosis among 343 newly reported HIV positive male student cases in Jiangsu Province. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors of HIV infection among male students. Results: Among the HIV positive male student cases, homosexual behavior accounted for 93.88% of transmission routes, while 10.20% involved heterosexual contact, as well as 4.08% for two sexual hehaviors. Awareness of HIV prevention knowledge was 97.08%, and 66.76% had previously undergone HIV testing. Among the respondents, 10.50% had used rush poppers as enhancers, and 72.30% had received HIV prevention education within the past year. Among students cases with homosexual behavior, the median time from first homosexual contact to HIV diagnosis was ≤2 years, with 54.66% of cases falling into this category; the most common way of finding same sex partners was through social software, accounting for 88.20% of cases, while the proportion of those via "Blued" app reached 87.07% ; the proportion of using condoms every time during sexual activity in the past six months was 12.27%. Among the student cases with homosexual behavior, the results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that student cases aged 18 to 24 ( OR =4.52) and >24 ( OR = 19.23 ), without receiving education on HIV prevention in the past year ( OR =1.86), having consistent condom use ( OR =2.73) and not using condoms ( OR =2.12) during the last sexual activity were more likely to had the first same sex sexual activity for more than 3 years before being diagnosed as HIV positive cases (all P <0.05). Student cases who were uncertain about their partner s sexual identity ( OR =0.33), and who primarily identified same sex partners through "other" means ( OR = 0.23 ) were more likely to avoid HIV testing; in contrast, student cases with consistent condom use during the last homosexual encounter ( OR =7.20) was significantly associated with increased likelihood of HIV testing (all P <0.05). Conclusions Newly reported HIV positive male student cases in Jiangsu Province exhibit serious discrepancies between knowledge and practice regarding HIV prevention. Measures are needed to accelerate the optimization of campus based HIV prevention education content and delivery methods. Simultaneously, enhanced management of extracurricular male populations is essential to effectively control the spread of HIV.

Objective To analyze the distribution status of the end digits of standardized blood pressure measurement recordings in the clinic and the effectiveness of standardized blood pressure measurement for community hypertension screening. Methods The first visit blood pressure measurement data from the Community Health Service Center in Jing'an District, Shanghai from June 2023 to May 2024 were collected and analyzed. According to different measurement methods, the data were divided into two groups: standardized blood pressure measurement and conventional blood pressure measurement. SPSS 19.0 software was used for data analysis. The differences in the distribution balance of the end digits of blood pressure values and the detection rate of blood pressure elevation between the two different groups were analyzed. Results The frequency range of the end digits of blood pressure recorded values in the standardized pressure measurement group was 9.42% to 10.83%, and the detection rate of elevated blood pressure was 24.89%. The conventional pressure measurement group had a preference of the end digit ^"0^", and the detection rate of elevated blood pressure was only 2.12%. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, season, and different blood pressure measurement modes were all influencing factors for the detection rate of elevated blood pressure. Conclusion The standardized blood pressure measurement mode in the clinic is suitable for community hypertension screening and pressure measurement, with higher data quality than the conventional pressure measurement mode.

This article reports a case of an elderly male patient presenting with nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy pathology indicated membranous nephropathy, with both renal tissue staining for M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and serum anti-PLA2R antibodies being negative. Nephrotic syndrome achieved remission following treatment with prednisone combined with tacrolimus; however, the patient relapsed during tacrolimus maintenance therapy. Subsequent laboratory evaluation revealed positive anti-nuclear antibodies and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, accompanied by decreased complement levels. Exostosin 1 and Exostosin 2 staining performed on the initial renal biopsy specimen yielded positive results, leading to a diagnosis of lupus nephritis. Due to the patient's history of rituximab-related allergic reactions, pulmonary infection, and acute kidney injury, the subsequent treatment regimen consisted of obinutuzumab sequentially combined with belimumab, in addition to prednisone 10 mg/d. During the two-year follow-up period, the patient's anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies converted to negative, complement levels normalized, proteinuria achieved complete remission, and no adverse events such as severe infection occurred. This article reviews the diagnosis, treatment, and relevant literature for this case, aiming to provide clinical insights for the early diagnosis and selection of therapeutic strategies for similar patients.

ObjectiveINF2 is a member of the formins family. Abnormal expression and regulation of INF2 have been associated with the progression of various tumors, but the expression and role of INF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. HCC is a highly lethal malignant tumor. Given the limitations of traditional treatments, this study explored the expression level, clinical value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC in order to seek new therapeutic targets. MethodsIn this study, we used public databases to analyze the expression of INF2 in pan-cancer and HCC, as well as the impact of INF2 expression levels on HCC prognosis. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of INF2 in liver cancer cells and human HCC tissues. The correlation between INF2 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed using public databases and clinical data of human HCC samples. Subsequently, the effects of INF2 expression on the biological function and Drp1 phosphorylation of liver cancer cells were elucidated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Finally, the predictive value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC were further analyzed through database and immunohistochemical experiments. ResultsINF2 is aberrantly high expression in HCC samples and the high expression of INF2 is correlated with overall survival, liver cirrhosis and pathological differentiation of HCC patients. The expression level of INF2 has certain diagnostic value in predicting the prognosis and pathological differentiation of HCC. In vivo and in vitro HCC models, upregulated expression of INF2 triggers the proliferation and migration of the HCC cell, while knockdown of INF2 could counteract this effect. INF2 in liver cancer cells may affect mitochondrial division by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and mediate immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 expression, thus promoting tumor progression. ConclusionINF2 is highly expressed in HCC and is associated with poor prognosis. High expression of INF2 may promote HCC progression by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression, and targeting INF2 may be beneficial for HCC patients with high expression of INF2.

BACKGROUND:Although researchers have noted that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 shows great potential in rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction,there is a lack of reviews related to the potential mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in rheumatoid arthritis bone destruction. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the mechanism of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by reviewing the relevant literature at both home and abroad. METHODS:We searched the CNKI database using the Chinese search terms"fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,rheumatoid arthritis,bone destruction,bone cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,chondrocytes,macrophages,synovial fibroblasts,T cells,vascular endothelial cells."PubMed database was searched using the English search terms"fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,rheumatoid arthritis,bone destruction,osteocytes,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,chondrocytes,macrophages,synovial fibroblasts,T cells,endothelial cells."The search period focused on April 1992 to January 2024.After screening the literature by reading titles,abstracts,and full texts,a total of 82 articles were finally included for review according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was found to be widely expressed in bone tissue-associated cells,including osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and osteoclasts.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 affects bone remodeling and homeostasis by regulating the function of these cells,as well as promoting the onset and progression of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is involved in the inflammatory response of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages and regulates angiogenesis of endothelial cells in synovial tissues.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 promotes bone destruction in several ways.Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 may be a potential causative agent of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and provides a reference for further research on its therapeutic targets.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control among outpatients in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, and its influencing factors, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening health education on hepatitis C prevention and control. Methods: Based on sentinel surveillance of hepatitis C, the outpatients aged 15 to 65 years at seven hospitals in Yinzhou District, Cixi City and Xiangshan County of Ningbo City were selected using the convenient sampling method from April to June during 2020 and 2022. Demographic information, knowledge and behaviors related to hepatitis C prevention and control were collected through questionnaire surveys. The influencing factors for knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 792 participants were surveyed, including 1 157 males (41.44%) and 1 635 females (58.56%). The awareness rate of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control was 56.23%, and was lower in knowledge about hepatitis C vaccine and treatment. The awareness rates of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control among outpatients from 2020 to 2022 were 47.11%, 53.22% and 70.65%, respectively, showing an upward trend (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 25 to <50 years (OR=1.358, 95%CI: 1.073-1.719), with an educational level of high school or junior college (OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.134-1.806) or above junior college (OR=3.728, 95%CI: 2.958-4.699), with household monthly income per capita of 3 000 to <5 000 yuan (OR=1.828, 95%CI: 1.344-2.486) or ≥5 000 yuan (OR=1.858, 95%CI: 1.366-2.526), without a history of invasive treatments such as pedicure in public places (OR=1.287, 95%CI: 1.024-1.618), without a history of contact with family members' blood-contaminated items (OR=2.050, 95%CI: 1.552-2.707), and always using condoms during sexual contacts (OR=1.740, 95%CI: 1.273-2.378) had higher awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control. Conclusions The awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C vaccine and treatment among outpatients in Ningbo City needs to be improved. Age, educational level, household monthly income per capita, history of invasive treatments such as pedicure in public places, history of contact with family members' blood-contaminated items and frequency of condom use during sexual contacts are associated with outpatients' awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control.

ObjectiveTo divide the muscle into different subzones according to different density ranges using the stratified analysis on the basis of myosteatosis， and to investigate the effect of muscle density changes on complications （Clavien-Dindo grade ≥Ⅲ） after orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the medical records of 145 patients who underwent OLT in The First Hospital of Jilin University from May 2013 to September 2020， and with the plain CT scan images of the largest level of lumbar 3 vertebrae of each patient as the original data， Neusoft Fatanalysis software was used to measure related muscle parameters. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. The chi-square test or Fisher test was for comparison of categorical data between two groups. RIAS software was used to extract clinical features and perform analysis and modeling， and three machine learning models of logistic regression （LR）， support vector machine （SVM）， and random forest （RFC） were constructed. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， the calibration curve， and the decision curve were plotted for each model to calculate the area under the ROC curve （AUC）， sensitivity， specificity， precision， F1 score， and accuracy. ResultsThe three machine learning models of LR-C， SVM-C， and RFC-C were established based on the 7 clinical features before muscle stratification analysis， among which the RFC-C model had an AUC of 0.803， a sensitivity of 0.588， and a specificity of 0.778 in the test set. Among the models of LR-CS， SVM-CS， and RFC-CS established based on the 16 clinical features after muscle stratification analysis， the LR-CS and SVM-CS models had an AUC of 0.852 in the test set， with a sensitivity of 0.765 and 0.706， respectively， and a specificity of 0.889 and 0.926， respectively. Comparison of the AUC， sensitivity， specificity， precision， F1 score， and accuracy of each model in the test set before and after muscle stratification analysis showed that there were improvements in the parameters of the predictive model after muscle stratification analysis. Comparison of the decision curves and calibration curves of each predictive model showed that the LR-CS and SVM-CS models had good efficacy in predicting postoperative complications （Clavien-Dindo grade≥Ⅲ） in OLT patients. ConclusionOn the basis of myosteatosis， the division of the muscle into different subzones according to different densities using the stratified analysis has a certain value in predicting postoperative complications in patients with OLT.

Purpose: Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumors that present unique challenges, often due to late presentation, and the proximity of critical organs makes complete surgical resection challenging. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) targeting margins-at-risk and to assess its potential impact on outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, non-randomized feasibility study. SCRT was administered via image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy, consisting of 5 fractions of daily radiotherapy followed by immediate surgery. As a starting dose, patients were prescribed 25 Gy in 5 fractions. For the escalation stage, patients were prescribed 30 Gy in 5 fractions. Only the presumed threatened surgical margins were delineated for large tumors. Results: Patients with either primary or recurrent RPS were recruited. Eight patients underwent SCRT but one patient did not have a resection as planned. Seven patients underwent surgical resection, of whom one passed away 3 months postoperative from a cardiac event. After a median follow-up of 20.5 months for the six postoperative survivors, there were no overt long-term toxicities and one patient relapsed out-of-radiotherapy-field. Conclusion SCRT to RPS with a margin boost followed by immediate surgery is worth investigating. A starting dose of 30 Gy in 5 fractions is recommended for further studies. Longer-term follow-up is necessary.

Purpose: Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumors that present unique challenges, often due to late presentation, and the proximity of critical organs makes complete surgical resection challenging. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) targeting margins-at-risk and to assess its potential impact on outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, non-randomized feasibility study. SCRT was administered via image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy, consisting of 5 fractions of daily radiotherapy followed by immediate surgery. As a starting dose, patients were prescribed 25 Gy in 5 fractions. For the escalation stage, patients were prescribed 30 Gy in 5 fractions. Only the presumed threatened surgical margins were delineated for large tumors. Results: Patients with either primary or recurrent RPS were recruited. Eight patients underwent SCRT but one patient did not have a resection as planned. Seven patients underwent surgical resection, of whom one passed away 3 months postoperative from a cardiac event. After a median follow-up of 20.5 months for the six postoperative survivors, there were no overt long-term toxicities and one patient relapsed out-of-radiotherapy-field. Conclusion SCRT to RPS with a margin boost followed by immediate surgery is worth investigating. A starting dose of 30 Gy in 5 fractions is recommended for further studies. Longer-term follow-up is necessary.

Background: and Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between residual inflammatory risk (RIR) and vulnerable plaques using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Methods: This retrospective study included 70%–99% symptomatic ICAS patients hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2022. Patients were classified into four groups based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): residual cholesterol inflammatory risk (RCIR, hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L), RIR (hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L), residual cholesterol risk (RCR, hs-CRP <3 mg/L and LDL-C ≥2.6 mmol/L), and no residual risk (NRR, hs-CRP <3 mg/L and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L). Vulnerable plaque features on HRMRI included positive remodeling, diffuse distribution, intraplaque hemorrhage, and strong enhancement. Results: Among 336 included patients, 21, 60, 58, and 197 were assigned to the RCIR, RIR, RCR, and NRR groups, respectively. Patients with RCIR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.606; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.346–9.662; P=0.011) and RIR (aOR, 3.361; 95% CI, 1.774–6.368, P<0.001) had higher risks of strong enhancement than those with NRR. Additionally, patients with RCIR (aOR, 2.965; 95% CI, 1.060–8.297; P=0.038) were more likely to have intraplaque hemorrhage compared with those with NRR. In the sensitivity analysis, RCR (aOR, 2.595; 95% CI, 1.201–5.608; P=0.015) exhibited an additional correlation with an increased risk of intraplaque hemorrhage. Conclusion In patients with symptomatic ICAS, RIR is associated with a higher risk of intraplaque hemorrhage and strong enhancement, indicating an increased vulnerability to atherosclerotic plaques.