Houpo Qiwutang originated from the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber， and it consists of seven medicines： Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Jujubae Fructus. It is a basic formula for the treatment of abdominal fullness. Through the bibliometric method， the historical history， drug base， preparation and dosage， decoction method， and ancient and modern applications of Houpu Qiwu Tang were analyzed by means of textual research. The research finds that Houpu Qiwu Tang has been passed down through the generations in an orderly manner with fewer changes. The drug base of this formula is basically clear， and the base of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， and Jujubae Fructus is consistent with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The mainstream base of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus is the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium of Rutaceae family， and the historical mainstream base of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of Leguminosae family. The modern dosage of this formula is 110.40 g of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， 41.40 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， 69 g of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， 27.60 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 69 g of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， 41.40 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 30 g of Jujubae Fructus. In addition， the decoction method is to add 2 000 mL of water with the above seven flavors of the medicine， boil it to 800 mL， and then take 160 mL in a warm state each time. The amount of the medicine taken for each time is 22.08 g of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， 8.28 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， 13.80 g of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， 5.52 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 13.80 g of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， 8.28 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 6 g of Jujubae Fructus. The modern application of this formula involves the digestive system， respiratory system， and urinary system. It is more advantageous in digestive system diseases such as early postoperative inflammatory bowel obstruction， functional dyspepsia， gastric pain， functional abdominal distension， and gastric reflux esophagitis. By comprehensively examining the key information of Houpu Qiwu Tang， this paper aims to provide literature support for the development and clinical application of this formula.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize fine particulate matter (PM _2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from different cooking fumes and their exposure routes and assess their health-associated impact to provide a reference for health risk prevention from PAH exposure across different age and sex groups. METHODS: Sixteen PM _2.5-bound PAHs emitted from 11 cooking styles were analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The health hazards of these PAHs in the Handan City population (stratified by age and sex) were predicted using the incremental lifetime cancer risk ( ILCR) model. The respiratory deposition doses ( RDDs) of the PAHs in children and adults were calculated using the PM _2.5 deposition rates in the upper airway, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions. RESULTS: The total concentrations of PM _2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 61.10 to 403.80 ng/m ³. Regardless of cooking styles, the ILCR _total values for adults (1.23 × 10 ^-6 to 3.70 × 10 ^-6) and older adults (1.28 × 10 ^-6 to 3.88 × 10 ^-6) exceeded the acceptable limit of 1.00 × 10 ^-6. With increasing age, the ILCR _total value first declined and then increased, varying substantially among the population groups. Cancer risk exhibited particularly high sensitivity to short exposure to barbecue-derived PAHs under equivalent body weights. Furthermore, barbecue, Sichuan and Hunan cuisine, Chinese cuisine, and Chinese fast food were associated with higher RDDs for both adults and children. CONCLUSION ILCR _total values exceeded the acceptable limit for both females and males of adults, with all cooking styles showing a potentially high cancer risk. Our findings serve as an important reference for refining regulatory strategies related to catering emissions and mitigating health risks associated with cooking styles.
Humans ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis* ; Cooking/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Adult ; Child ; Middle Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Adolescent ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis* ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Aged ; China ; Inhalation Exposure ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; Cities ; Infant

OBJECTIVE Aimed to investigate the impact of comorbid asthma on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP)and identify key proteins and signaling pathways.METHODS Proteomic methods were employed to analyze differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in nasal lavage fluid(NLF)from control,CRSwNP,and CRSwNP with asthma groups.DIA quantitative analysis technology was used to assess the gradient changes of DEPs among the three groups to determine key proteins affected by comorbid asthma in CRSwNP.RESULTS Compared to the control group,1 377 and 1 006 DEPs were identified in the CRSwNP and CRSwNP with asthma groups,respectively.Peroxiredoxin-5(PRDX5),Ran-Binding Protein 1(RanBP1)(upregulated),and Keratin 9(KRT9)(downregulated)were identified as key proteins affecting CRSwNP with asthma.CONCLUSION Comorbid asthma may promote the occurrence and development of nasal polyps through specific key proteins and signaling pathways,providing new molecular insights into the interaction between CRSwNP and asthma.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of the circadian clock gene period circadian regulator 1(PER1)and the tumor suppressor gene serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5(SPINK5)in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC),and to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PER1 regulates SPINK5 transcription via the NF-κB signaling pathway.METHODS Differentially expressed genes in HNSCC were screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and GSE205155 datasets.The association between SPINK5 expression and patient prognosis was assessed via the GEPIA database.mRNA and protein expression levels of SPINK5 and PER1 in 60 clinical samples were detected by RT-qPCR,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot.PER1 knockdown(using siRNA)and overexpression(via plasmid transfection)were performed in the AMC-HN-8 cell line.Wound healing and colony formation assays were applied to evaluate the effects of PER1,SPINK5,and their interaction on HNSCC cell migration and proliferation.Western blot was utilized to examine the regulatory effect of NF-κB on SPINK5.RESULTS SPINK5 and PER1 were significantly downregulated in HNSCC tissues(all P<0.01),and their low expression was correlated with poor patient prognosis(for SPINK5,HR=0.69,P=0.006 7).A significant positive correlation was observed between PER1 and SPINK5 expression(R2=0.719 2,P=0.001 0).Knockdown and overexpression of PER1 respectively resulted in synchronous alterations in SPINK5 mRNA levels(all P<0.05).PER1 knockdown enhanced cell migration and proliferation(P<0.05),whereas SPINK5 overexpression suppressed these capabilities(P<0.01).Importantly,SPINK5 overexpression reversed the phenotypic changes induced by PER1 knockdown.Mechanistically,PER1 overexpression led to concomitant changes in NF-κB expression,activating the NF-κB pathway and thereby promoting SPINK5 transcription.CONCLUSION PER1 positively regulates SPINK5 transcription via the NF-κB pathway,inhibiting HNSCC cell proliferation and migration.These findings suggest that PER1 and SPINK5 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for HNSCC.

As one of the pathogenic mechanisms contained in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， “disease with latent pathogen induced by a new pathogen” means that the induced new pathogen resulted to a combination of the latent previous pathogen and the new pathogen， which caused the disease. Based on this， it is believed that the change of “nodule-cancer transformation” of pulmonary nodules is actually based on the deficiency of original qi， and the new pathogen induces the latent pathogens like phlegm coagulation， qi stagnation， blood stasis， toxicity， so healthy qi can not drive the pathogens out， and the long-time detention generated into cancerous turbidity， and deve-loped into cancerous tumour at the end. Therefore， based on the three-stage treatment of unformed cancer， dense cancerous toxin， and developed cancer， the clinical practice applied six methods of clearing， expelling， dissipating， tonifying， harmonizing， and transforming， taking into account both the manifestation and root cause， moving the treatment window of pulmonary nodules forward， attacking the pathogens when the toxin was not yet overbearing， supporting the healthy qi before declining， delaying the process of nodules-cancer transformation， and providing ideas for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary nodules “nodule-cancer transformation” in traditional Chinese medicine.

Background The current increasing trend of new cases of occupational noise-induced deafness indicates that the hearing loss of occupational population has not been effectively controlled in China. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers and its related factors. Objective To investigate characteristics and influencing factors of hearing loss among occupational noise-exposed workers in a large machinery maintenance enterprise, and to provide a scientific basis to prevent and control noise-induced hearing loss. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate male Han occupational noise-exposed workers in a large mechanical maintenance enterprise. We acquired demographic characteristics, occupational exposure history, and individual life behavior characteristics of the workers through questionnaires, collected occupational exposure level data from annual occupational disease hazard factor surveillance reports, obtained pure tone hearing threshold test data through occupational health examinations, and estimated individual noise exposure levels using cumulative noise exposure (CNE). According to the results of pure tone air conduction hearing threshold test, the workers were divided into a hearing loss group and a normal hearing group. The chi-square test was employed to compare the occupational exposure characteristics and individual life behavior characteristics between the two groups. Additionally, the trend chi-square test was utilized to analyze the changing trends of age, length of service, CNE, and hearing loss rate within the two groups. The relationship between high-frequency hearing loss in both ears and its related influencing factors was assessed by a multiple logistic regression model. Results The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of CNE for the 2531 occupational noise-exposed workers was 97.51 (95.39, 99.96) dB(A)·year. The incidence of hearing anomaly, binaural high-frequency hearing anomaly, random ear high-frequency hearing anomaly, binaural low-frequency hearing anomaly, and random ear low-frequency hearing anomaly were 22.48%, 16.59%, 22.13%, 2.77%, and 3.52%, respectively. High-frequency hearing threshold increase was the main reason for hearing anomaly (98.42%). In comparison to the CNE ≤ 97 dB(A)·year group, the 97 dB(A)·year100 dB(A)·year group experienced a 36.4% and 52.3% increase in the risk of bilateral high-frequency hearing loss, respectively. The smoking group exhibited a 43.5% elevated risk of bilateral high-frequency hearing loss when compared to the non-smoking group. Conversely, the group frequently wearing hearing protection equipment demonstrated a 23.6% lower risk of bilateral high-frequency hearing loss in comparison to the group occasionally wearing protective equipment. The data suggested that CNE＞97 dB(A)·year and smoking might be independent risk factors for bilateral high-frequency hearing loss, and frequently wearing hearing protection equipment might be an important protective factor. Conclusion Increased CNE and smoking can elevate the risk of high-frequency hearing loss, while personal hearing protection can effectively reduce the risk of hearing loss.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in the prognosis of patients with advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed. The clinical data of 654 patients newly diagnosed with advanced DLBCL diagnosed in 7 medical centers in Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group from October 2009 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected. All the patients received rituximab-based immune chemotherapy regimens. The patients were randomly assigned to the training set (458 cases) and the validation set (196 cases) in a 7:3 ratio. The clinicopathological data of patients were collected, and the CONUT score was calculated based on albumin, lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol. The optimal critical value of CONUT scote was determined by using MaxStat method. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves; Cox proportional hazards model was used to make univariate analysis and multivariate analysis on the factors influencing overall survival (OS). The efficacy of CONUT score in combination with the International prognostic index (IPI) and an enhanced IPI (NCCN-IPI) in predicting OS was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:The median follow-up time of 654 patients was 38.1 months (95% CI: 35.3 months- 40.9 months), and the 5-year OS rate was 49.2%. According to the MaxStat method, the optimal critical value for CONUT score was determined to be 6 points. All the patients were classified into the normal nutritional status group (CONUT score ≤ 6 points, 489 cases) and the poor nutritional status group (CONUT score > 6 points, 165 cases). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that CONUT score > 6 points, male, lactate dehydrogenase >240 U/L, high white blood cell count, low hemoglobin level and age > 60 years were independent risk factors for OS of patients with advanced DLBCL (all P < 0.05). Patients in the poor nutritional status group (CONUT score > 6 points) had worse OS compared with that in the normal nutritional status group in the overall cohort of advanced DLBCL. Subgroup analysis revealed that among patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-performance status (ECOG PS) score < 2 points, IPI low-intermediate risk, IPI intermediate-high risk, NCCN-IPI low-intermediate risk, and NCCN-IPI intermediate-high risk, the patients in the poor nutritional status group (CONUT score > 6 points) had worse OS compared with that in the normal nutritional status group (CONUT score ≤ 6 points) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:CONUT score has a certain value in the assessment of the prognosis of patients with advanced DLBCL, and its predictive efficacy is further improved when combined with IPI and NCCN-IPI.

OBJECTIVE To explore the independent factors affecting tissue inflammatory cells changes in recurrent nasal polyps.METHODS The clinical data of 31 patients with nasal polyps who underwent endoscopic surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yantai Yuhuanding Hospital from December 2007 to December 2021 were selected and analyzed by stepwise regression logistic analysis.RESULTS The number of tissue inflammatory cells in recurrent nasal polyps changed compared with that in primary nasal polyps,and the number and percentage of neutrophils in recurrent polyps increased(P<0.05).Logistic analysis revealed that smoking was an independent risk factor for eosinophilia in recurrent nasal polyps,increasing age was an independent factor for lowering neutrophils,and the comorbid allergic rhinitis and the time interval of recurrence were independent factors for lowering and increasing lymphocytes,respectively.CONCLUSION The number of tissue-infiltrating cells is altered in recurrent polyps compared with primary polyps.Smoking is an independent risk factor for eosinophilia in recurrent polyps.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors affecting regional lymph node metastasis in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and to establish a nomogram model for individually predicting lymph node metastasis in salivary gland MEC.Methods:The clinical data of 2 152 patients with salivary gland MEC from 1975 to 2020 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute. The collected data were divided into training cohort (1 506 cases) and validation cohort (646 cases) according to the ratio of 7∶3. Single-factor regression and multi-factor logistic regression were used to screen factors related to local lymph node metastasis in salivary gland MEC, with constructing of a nomogram. Calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate model performance in the validation cohort and the total cohort. Statistical tests were performed using SPSS (26.0) and R (4.3.0) software.Results:Multivariate logistic regression results showed that M stage [ OR(95% CI):12.360(3.295-46.365), P=0.014], pathological grade Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ[ OR(95% CI): 1.956(1.329-2.879), 9.654(6.309-14.772), 9.298(6.072-14.238), P<0.001], T staging T2, T3, T4[ OR(95% CI): 1.706(0.932-3.124), 3.021(1.790-5.096), 3.311(1.925-5.695), P<0.001], and gender [ OR(95% CI):0.759(0.593-0.972), P=0.029] were independent factors affecting local lymph node metastasis in salivary gland MEC. Through verification in the validation cohort and the total cohort, the AUC values were greater than 0.8, and the calibration curve was close to the perfect reference line, proving that the constructed nomogram model had good specificity and sensitivity for predicting local lymph node metastasis in salivary gland MEC. Conclusion:M stage, pathological grade, T stage, and gender are risk factors for predicting regional lymph node metastasis and the established-nomogram has good predictive performance for local lymph node metastasis in salivary gland MEC.

Objective:To identify potential therapeutic targets of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) through proteomics screening of and verify its effectiveness experimentally.Methods:The nasal tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing surgical treatment in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery in Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai from June 2010 to December 2021, including 69 patients with CRSwNP and 39 patients in the control group. Tissue samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode to find differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatics tools were employed to analyze the functions of differentially expressed proteins. The expression of hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) in nasal tissues of patients with CRSwNP was further confirmed by qPCR and western blot. The mouse model of CRSwNP was established and treated with HCK inhibitor. The levels of inflammatory factors IgE, IL-4 and IL-5 in serum of CRSwNP mice, both treated and untreated with HCK inhibitors, were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) across different experimental groups. The experimental data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 9 software.Results:DIA analysis identified 1 850 differential proteins, including 760 up-regulated proteins and 1 090 down-regulated proteins. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) correlation analysis of phenotypic data such as cell count and CT score with the results of genomics indemnified 575 proteins of MEBrown module which intersected with 35 kinases further screened from 1 850 differential proteins, yielding eight protein kinases: HCK, SYK, PDK2, FGR, PRKCB, ROR1, CAMK1 and GRK6. qPCR showed that the expression of HCK in CRSwNP was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). Further experiments in mice confirmed that the secretion of IgE, IL-4 and IL-5 in the serum of CRSwNP group was significantly higher than the control group (all P<0.05), indicating successful model establishment. The intervention of HCK significantly decreased the secretion of IgE, IL-4 and IL-5 in serum of mice (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The HCK inhibitor can reduce the inflammatory index of mice with CRSwNP, and HCK is a potential therapeutic target of CRSwNP.