Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon(particularly the descending colon and sigmoid)and rectum.UC primarily presents with persistent or recurrent diarrhea,abdominal pain,bloody stools,and other symptoms.The primary pathological mechanism of UC involves intestinal barrier injury.When the intestinal barrier function is compromised,characterized by loss of epithelial layer integrity,thinning of the mucus layer,and microbiota dysregulation,pathogenic microorganisms can infiltrate the lamina propria from the intestinal lumen through the damaged barrier,triggering and exacerbating the intestinal inflammatory response.Current treatments for UC are limited by high costs,numerous adverse reactions,and a high likelihood of relapse.Consequently,there is an urgent need for the development of new drugs that can effectively and safely treat UC.Natural products have become significant research targets in treating various diseases due to their broad biological activity,multiple action targets,low toxicity,and easy availability.They play a crucial role in the targeted repair of the intestinal barrier,with potential mechanisms including enhancing intes-tinal epithelial cells and their secreted proteins,regulating gut microbiota and its metabolism,and balancing immune cell subsets.Additionally,it is essential to consider the synergistic effects,bioavailability,and safety of natural products.This paper summarizes the natural products reported in the past five years for their anti-UC properties by repairing the intestinal barrier,providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of natural products in anti-UC drugs.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon(particularly the descending colon and sigmoid)and rectum.UC primarily presents with persistent or recurrent diarrhea,abdominal pain,bloody stools,and other symptoms.The primary pathological mechanism of UC involves intestinal barrier injury.When the intestinal barrier function is compromised,characterized by loss of epithelial layer integrity,thinning of the mucus layer,and microbiota dysregulation,pathogenic microorganisms can infiltrate the lamina propria from the intestinal lumen through the damaged barrier,triggering and exacerbating the intestinal inflammatory response.Current treatments for UC are limited by high costs,numerous adverse reactions,and a high likelihood of relapse.Consequently,there is an urgent need for the development of new drugs that can effectively and safely treat UC.Natural products have become significant research targets in treating various diseases due to their broad biological activity,multiple action targets,low toxicity,and easy availability.They play a crucial role in the targeted repair of the intestinal barrier,with potential mechanisms including enhancing intes-tinal epithelial cells and their secreted proteins,regulating gut microbiota and its metabolism,and balancing immune cell subsets.Additionally,it is essential to consider the synergistic effects,bioavailability,and safety of natural products.This paper summarizes the natural products reported in the past five years for their anti-UC properties by repairing the intestinal barrier,providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of natural products in anti-UC drugs.

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/ac-quired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)complicated with anorectal diseases and analyze the clinical character-istics of the HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess.METHODS Totally 152 HIV/AIDS patients who were complicated with anorectal diseases and were treated in The Eighth Hospital of Wuhan from Jan.2020 to Dec.2023 were recruited as the research subjects,36 of whom had perianal abscess.The manifestations of anorec-tal diseases,treatment status and incidence rates of the diseases among the patients with different clinical charac-teristics in the different years were statistically analyzed.The clinical characteristics of the HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess were observed.RESULTS Of the 152 HIV/AIDS patients complicated with anorectal disea-ses,51.97％had mixed hemorrhoid,and 23.68％had perianal abscess.The number of patients with HIV/AIDS complicated with anorectal diseases gradually increased from 2020 to 2023;while the incidence rate of male,aged between 30 and 40 years old,married individuals,those with primary school education or below and famers were relatively high.Among the HIV/AIDS patients complicated with anorectal diseases,139 underwent surgical pro-cedures,and 23 did not.Among the 36 HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess,97.22％were male,50.00％were aged between 20 and 30 years old,and 44.44％were married.CONCLUSIONS The number of HIV/AIDS patients complicated with anorectal diseases is gradually increased from 2020 to 2023;the incidence rates are rela-tively high among the patients who are male,aged between 30 and 40 years old,married,with primary school edu-cation or below and famers.Perianal abscess and mixed hemorrhoid are the major types of anorectal diseases.Sur-gical procedures are recommended for HIV/AIDS patients complicated with anorectal diseases,while the HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess are dominated by the population of male,aged between 20 and 30 years old and married.It is necessary to attach great importance to the detection of pathological characteristics of the HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess so as to take appropriate treatment measures to improve the therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/ac-quired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)complicated with anorectal diseases and analyze the clinical character-istics of the HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess.METHODS Totally 152 HIV/AIDS patients who were complicated with anorectal diseases and were treated in The Eighth Hospital of Wuhan from Jan.2020 to Dec.2023 were recruited as the research subjects,36 of whom had perianal abscess.The manifestations of anorec-tal diseases,treatment status and incidence rates of the diseases among the patients with different clinical charac-teristics in the different years were statistically analyzed.The clinical characteristics of the HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess were observed.RESULTS Of the 152 HIV/AIDS patients complicated with anorectal disea-ses,51.97％had mixed hemorrhoid,and 23.68％had perianal abscess.The number of patients with HIV/AIDS complicated with anorectal diseases gradually increased from 2020 to 2023;while the incidence rate of male,aged between 30 and 40 years old,married individuals,those with primary school education or below and famers were relatively high.Among the HIV/AIDS patients complicated with anorectal diseases,139 underwent surgical pro-cedures,and 23 did not.Among the 36 HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess,97.22％were male,50.00％were aged between 20 and 30 years old,and 44.44％were married.CONCLUSIONS The number of HIV/AIDS patients complicated with anorectal diseases is gradually increased from 2020 to 2023;the incidence rates are rela-tively high among the patients who are male,aged between 30 and 40 years old,married,with primary school edu-cation or below and famers.Perianal abscess and mixed hemorrhoid are the major types of anorectal diseases.Sur-gical procedures are recommended for HIV/AIDS patients complicated with anorectal diseases,while the HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess are dominated by the population of male,aged between 20 and 30 years old and married.It is necessary to attach great importance to the detection of pathological characteristics of the HIV-positive patients with perianal abscess so as to take appropriate treatment measures to improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of the small-molecule inhibitor CIL56 in the death of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Methods SRB method and plate-cloning method were used to detect the effect of CIL56 on the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The effect of CIL56 on the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells was investigated by scratch-healing test. The effect of CIL56 on the concentration of iron ions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was detected with an iron-detection kit. A total glutathione test kit was used to examine the effect of CIL56 on glutathione concentration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Western blot was used to investigate the effect of CIL56 on the expression of xCT and GPX4 proteins related to iron death, as well as YAP1 protein, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Results CIL56 could significantly inhibit the proliferation (P < 0.05) and migration (P < 0.001) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. With the increased CIL56 concentration, the iron concentration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma increased (P < 0.05). CIL56 could reduce the glutathione content in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). CIL56 could reduce the expression of xCT and GPX4 proteins related to iron death and decrease the level of YAP1 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (both P < 0.001). Conclusion The small-molecule inhibitor CIL56 can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and reduce the expression of the iron-death-related proteins xCT and GPX4, as well as YAP1 protein.

Objective: To construct a model for clinical identification of spotted fever (SF) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), so as to provide insights into early identification of SF and SFTS. Methods: The clinical data of laboratory-confirmed SF and SFTS patients in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Lu'an City, Anhui Province from May 2017 to May 2021 were retrieved from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Factors affecting SF were identified using a logistic regression model, and the model for early identification of SF and SFTS was created. The model fitting effect was evaluated using Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and the value of the model for identification of SF and SFTS was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Data of 62 SF cases and 115 SFTS cases were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that rash (β=5.994), C-reactive protein (β=4.409), white blood cell (β=-3.176) and platelet (β=-3.234) were included in the model, which were scored 6, 4, -3 and -3, with a total score ranging from -5 to 10. Hosmer-Lemeshow test revealed a high model fitting effect (χ2=3.245, P=0.662). The AUC of the model was 0.992, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.935 and 0.991 if the cutoff was 1. Conclusion A model for early identification of SF and SFTS that includes four variables of rash, C-reactive protein, white blood cell and platelet has been created, which has a high accuracy.

Objective:To investigate the application value of Laennec approach in laparoscopic anatomical right hemihepatectomy (LARH).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 2 female patients who underwent LARH via Laennec approach in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University from May to July 2020 were collected. The two patients were 51 and 57 years old, respectively. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations and follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect post-operative survival and tumor recurrence of patients up to December 2020. Count data were repre-sented as absolute numbers.Results:(1) Surgical situations: 2 patients successfully underwent LARH via Laennec approach, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time was 180 minutes and 185 minutes, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was 200 mL and 400 mL, respectively. No blood transfusion or gastrointestinal decompression was performed in either patient. (2) Postoperative situations and follow-up: 2 patients began to take liquid diet on the first day and out-of-bed activities on the postoperative second to third day. There was no postoperative bile fistula or bleeding, but different degrees of peritoneal and pleural effusion occurred to the 2 patients after operation. One case was improved after right-sided thoracentesis and chest tube drainage due to dyspnea, and the other case was cured after conservative therapy. There was no perioperative death. The duration of postoperative hospital stay of 2 patients was 13 days and 11 days, respectively. Results of pathological examination showed 1 case of hepatic hemangioma and 1 case of primary liver cancer, respectively. The Laennec capsule was observed on the hepatic vein branches of segment Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, and the gap existed between the Laennec capsule and the hepatic vein. Two patients were followed up for 7 months and 5 months，respectively. They survived during the follow-up，without tumor recurrence.Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to perform LARH by Laennec approach.

Objective:To investigate the application value of dynamic scintigraphy single-photonemission computed tomography (SPECT) 99m-technetium-galactosyl human serum albumin diethy-lenetriamine pentaacetic ( 99Tc m-GSA) scintigraphy in assessing liver function of perihilar cholangio-carcinoma after portal vein embolization (PVE). Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 16 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent 99Tc m-GSA scintigraphy after PVE in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University from October 2019 to January 2021 were collected. There were 8 males and 8 females, aged from 46 to 78 years, with a median age of 64 years. Observation indicators: (1) liver volume after PVE; (2) liver function after PVE; (3) typical case analysis. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages. Comparison of data of the same patient was analyzed using the paired t test. Results:(1) Liver volume after PVE:the morphological liver volume and functional liver volume for the 16 patients were (1 420±211)mL and (389±112)mL. The morphological liver volume and functional liver volume were (636±143)mL and (234±106)mL of planning reserved lobe, (784±210)mL and (151±106)mL of planning resection lobe, respectively. The functional liver density (FLD) of planning reserved lobe and planning resection lobe were 0.36±0.12 and 0.19±0.11, showing a significant difference between them ( t=3.794, P<0.05). The planning resection rate of morpholo-gical liver volume and functional liver volume were 37.8%±0.6% and 54.8%±0.2%, showing a significant difference between them ( t=?3.720, P<0.05). (2) Liver function after PVE: 13 of 16 patients completed the indocyanine green (ICG) test, and 3 patients didn't complete the ICG test due to intolerance. For the 13 patients undergoing ICG test, the total ICG-K value was (0.15±0.03)/minutes, and the ICG-K value of planning reserved lobe was (0.07±0.02)/minutes. The total GSA-K value of 16 patients was (0.14±0.10)/minutes, and the GSA-K value of planning reserved lobe was (0.08±0.06)/minutes. (3) Typical case analysis: a 46-year-old male patient with type Bismuth Ⅲa perihilar cholangiocarcinoma was planned to perform perihilar hepatectomy combined with right hepatectomy. The imaging evaluation showed that the volume of reserved liver lobe accounted for 27% of the total liver volume. The serum total bilirubin was 256 μmol/L when admitted and decreased to 118 μmol/L on the day 5 after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. The right anterior and right posterior branches of PVE was performed. SPECT 99Tc m-GSA examination was performed on the day 37 after PVE. The morphological liver volume was 559 mL of planned reserved lobe and 1 461 mL of the whole liver. The planned morphological liver volume resection rate was 61.7%. ICG-K was 0.12/minutes of the whole liver, and 0.04/minutes of planned reserved lobe. The functional liver volume was 134 mL of planned reserved lobe and 309 mL of the whole liver. The planned resection rate of functional liver volume was 56.6%. The GSA-K was 0.20/minutes of the whole liver and 0.09/minutes of planned reserved lobe. R 0 resection was achieved in perihilar hepatectomy combined with right hepatectomy and no liver failure occurred. The survival time of patients was 11 months. Conclusion:Dynamic SPECT 99Tc m-GSA scintigraphy can effectively evaluate the regional function of the reserved liver lobe in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after PVE.

Objective: To observe the effect of the expressive or functional blockage of TRPV1 on nerve regeneration after sciatic trans-section injury. Methods: AMG-517, a kind of TRPV1 inhibitor, was injected into the surrounding area of the ipsilateral lumbar dorsal root ganglia while unilateral sciatic nerve was transected. A total of 24 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, injury only group, injury+ AMG-517 150 μg/kg group, injury+ AMG-517 300 μg/kg group. The injury only group was injected the same volume of medium. The release of CGRP from dorsal-horn of spinal cord, the number of axons at proximal stem of sciatic nerve after transection, and the expression of TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglion were detected using the methods of ELISA, Western blot and semi-thin section (1 μm)- toluidine blue staining 2 weeks after injury. Results: The release of CGRP in lumbar spinal dorsal horn was obviously decreased after AMG-517 treatment, which was the evidence of TRPV1 functional inhibition. CGRP in the control group was 0.15 ng/g, the injury only group 0.17 ng/g, AMG-517 150 μg/kg group 0.09 ng/g, and AMG-517 300 μg/kg group 0.11 ng/g(P<0.01). The number of axons which were myelinated or unmyelinated increased after the TRPV1 was inhibited by AMG-517(P<0.01). In addition, the injection of AMG-517 into surrounding dorsal root ganglion decreased the expression of TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglion(P<0.01). Conclusions Over expression or activation of TRPV1 after periphery nerve injury has negative effect on nerve regeneration in fact; Inhibiting the over-expression or over-activation of TRPV1 after nerve injury facilitates axonal regeneration and nerve repair.

AIM:To observe the neuritogenic actions of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A heavy chain ( BoNT/A HC) on cultured Neuro-2a cells and to investigate the related signaling mechanisms for the effect of BoNT /A HC. METHODS:Neuro-2a cells were treated with different doses of BoNT/A HC (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 nmol/L), and then the cells were harvested at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of BoNT/A HC exposure for detecting the neurite length and the percen-tage of the cells with neuronal processes by immunofluorescence staining .The most efficient dose of BoNT/A HC was cho-sen for exposure to Neuro-2a cells as the above.Whole cell protein was harvested at different time points for detecting the protein levels of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 ( p-ERK1/2 ) and phosphorylated Akt ( p-Akt ) by Western blot .RESULTS:Low doses of BoNT/A HC stimulated the neurite outgrowth , and increased the percentage of the cells with neurites com-pared with the negative controls (P<0.05), especially in the group with 1 nmol/L of BoNT/A HC treatment.Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and Akt was increased after treated with BoNT/A HC.There was an increasing tendency for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after the exposure of the cells to BoNT/A HC.The obvious increase in p-ERK1/2 was seen from 60 min to 5 h with 1 nmol/L of BoNT/A HC treatment ( P<0.05 ) , and the increased protein level of p-Akt was mainly observed at 15 min and 60 min ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: BoNT/A HC stimulates the neuritogenesis .The neuritogenic mechanism of BoNT/A HC on Neuro-2a cells might be realized by activation of the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and Akt.