ObjectiveTo detect the proportion of splenic follicular helper T （Tfh） cells and their functionally related cytokine expression levels in the incomplete embryo implantation disorder （EID） model mice， and to explore the immunological mechanism of Tfh in infertility caused by embryo implantation disorder. MethodsSixteen female Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups， with eight mice in each group. On day 4 of pregnancy， an incomplete EID mouse model was established by oral gavage of mifepristone suspension， while an equal volume of saline was administered to the control group. On day 8 of pregnancy， the mice were euthanized. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of Tfh cells in the spleen lymphocytes of both incomplete EID mice and normal control mice. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 6 （Bcl-6） and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 protein （CXCR5） in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Western blot was employed to assess the protein expression levels of Bcl-6 and CXCR5 in the spleen lymphocytes of both groups. Serum levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， IL-6， and IL-21 were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to observe the expression levels of progesterone receptor （PR）， Bcl-6， and CXCR5 proteins in the uterine endometrial tissue of mice in both groups. ResultsIncomplete-type EID mice had a reduced number of embryo implantation points and reduced endometrial PR expression. Flow assay results showed that the proportion of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺Tfh cells in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete-type EID mice was significantly higher than that of normal controls （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal control group， Bcl-6 and CXCR5 mRNA levels and protein levels were elevated in splenic lymphocytes of incomplete EID mice， with statistically significant differences （P<0.05）； serum IL-4， IL-6， and IL-21 levels were elevated in incomplete EID mice， and Bcl-6 and CXCR5 proteins in the endometrium were significantly elevated （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe increase of Tfh cells and their associated cytokines Bcl-6 and CXCR5 is associated with the development of incomplete EID， and may be involved in the development of female immune infertility.

SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase with SET and MYND structural domains， which is a member of the SMYD family and is expressed in a variety of tissues， including ovary and testis. This enzyme participates in biological processes such as gene expression regulation， cell development and differentiation， and maintenance of genomic stability through ribosomal protein methylation modification. In recent years， research on SMYD5 has increased in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， and lung cancer. Studies have revealed that SMYD5 exhibits high expression levels in various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， lung cancer， and inflammatory bowel disease， influencing the progression of these conditions. This review summarizes the role of SMYD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma， inflammatory bowel disease， and other biological functions， aiming to provide a reference for related disease research.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of multi-slice spiral CT in early lung cancer and provide evidence for clinical differentiation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 86 patients with early-stage lung cancer admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and February 2025. All patients underwent MSCT examination. Using pathological examination as the gold standard, the consistency between MSCT and the gold standard was analyzed. CT sign differences among patients with different pathological types of lung cancer were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between CT signs and the degree of adenocarcinoma infiltration. Results MSCT examination showed positive findings in 75 cases of adenocarcinoma, with a sensitivity of 97.40%, a specificity of 88.89%, a positive predictive value of 98.68%, a negative predictive value of 80.00%, an accuracy of 96.51%, and a Kappa value of 0.823. Significant differences were found in the proportions of tumor maximum diameter > 2 cm, vacuole sign, ground-glass opacity sign, lobulation sign, spiculation sign, air bronchogram sign, pleural indentation sign, and vascular convergence sign (P<0.05), and these proportions increased progressively from carcinoma in situ to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma to invasive adenocarcinoma. Pearson correlation analysis showed that tumor maximum diameter, vacuole sign, ground-glass opacity sign, and pleural indentation sign were positively correlated with adenocarcinoma, while spiculation sign and vascular convergence sign were negatively correlated with adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion MSCT demonstrates high diagnostic efficiency for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and can provide a reference for early clinical evaluation.

Objective To explore the application effect of the dual-track nursing intervention model in the treatment process of children with lobar pneumonia.Methods A total of 186 children with lobar pneumonia were selected and randomly divided into control group and intervention group u-sing a double-blind method,with 93 cases in each group.The control group received conventional nursing intervention,while the intervention group implemented the dual-track nursing intervention model on the basis of conventional nursing.This model included the establishment and training of nurs-ing teams,personalized nursing plans,health education,and psychological support.Outside the hos-pital,it emphasized family support,regular follow-up guidance,and community-based collaborative ed-ucation.Both groups received a 3-week intervention.The improvement times of clinical symptoms,hos-pital stay,pulmonary function indicators before and after nursing,treatment compliance,and family members' satisfaction with nursing were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results The fever resolution time[(3.89±0.96)d],cough relief time[(6.21±1.34)d],disappearance time of pulmonary rales[(7.89±1.56)d],and hospital stay duration[(9.45±1.89)d]in the intervention group were all shorter than those in the control group[(5.23±1.14),(7.45±1.67),(9.32±2.01),and(11.28±2.35)d,respectively],with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).After nursing,the forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)[(1.51±0.22)L],forced vital capacity(FVC)[(1.75±0.25)L],and FEV1/FVC[(94.12±5.65)％]in the intervention group were all higher than those in the control group[(1.42±0.15)L,(1.66±0.22)L,and(85.73±8.41)％,respectively],with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The scores for exami-nation cooperation[(23.91±3.82)points],nursing cooperation[(24.19±4.03)points],standardized medication use[(24.26±3.94)points],and rational diet[(23.77±3.62)points]in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group[(20.16±3.53),(19.64±3.46),(23.05±3.68),and(18.85±3.41)points,respectively],with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The satisfaction rate of family members with nursing work in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(98.92％versus 89.25％,P＜0.05).Conclusion The dual-track nursing intervention model has a signifi-cant application effect in children with lobar pneumonia.It can accelerate their recovery process,improve treatment compliance,promote pulmonary function improvement,and enhance family mem-bers' satisfaction.

In China,lung cancer ranks first in the incidence and death of malignant tumors.Early diagnosis and timely treatment can significantly improve the survival rate of lung cancer.However,75％of patients are already in the advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis,missing the best treatment opportunity.Lung nodules are the manifestations of early lung cancer.How to accurately distinguish benign and malignant pul-monary nodules and avoid missing diagnosis of malignant lung nodules and over-treatment of benign lung nod-ules are important clinical problems.Liquid biopsy has the advantages of non-invasiveness,high reproducibili-ty,operability,easy dynamic monitoring and overcoming tumor heterogeneity,which can realize early detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors.Besides,it is the most potential precision tumor detection technology,which is expected to become a breakthrough in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lung nodules.This arti-cle reviews the research and application of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis of lung nodules in recent years,in or-der to provide ideas for clinical application and future research.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of autophagy induced by House dust mites(HDM)on airway epithelial tight junction through β-catenin-Snail signaling pathway.Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells(16HBE)were stimulated with HDM at different time points(0,3,6,12,24,48 h)and different concen-trations(0,40,100,200 μg/mL)to screen the appropriate stimulation concentration and stimulation time.16HBE cells were treated with oxidative stress inhibitor N-acetylcysteine(NAC),autophagy inhibitor 3-methylad-enine(3-MA),HDM,and their combinations.Cells were transfected with mCherry-EGFP-LC3B,Beclin-1-siRNA,and ATG14-siRNA lentivirus and then stimulated with NAC and HDM.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related protein LC3B,tight junction-related proteins Occludin,and ZO-1 in airway epithelial cells.The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by using DCFH-DA in each group.The protein expression levels of Occludin,ZO-1,LC3B,Beclin-1,ATG5,ATG14,P62,Snail,β-catenin and p-β-catenin were detected by Western blot method.Results Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the control group,200 μg/mL HDM stimulation induced cellular autophagy,increased the expression level of LC3B protein,and promoted the level of ROS,all with statistical significances(all P<0.05).Compared with the HDM group,the HDM+3-MA,HDM+ATG14-si,and HDM+Beclin-1-si groupsall showed significantincreases in the expression levels of tight junction-related proteins Occludin and ZO-1(P<0.05).The HDM+NAC group demonstrated significant decreases both in the level of ROS andin the expression level of LC3B protein.Western blot results revealed that compared with HDM,3-MA and autophagy protein low-expression beads(Beclin-1-si,ATG14-si)attenuated HDM-induced cellular autophagy(P<0.05),inhibited HDM-induced upregulation of Snail and p-β-catenin expression,and improved HDM-induced decreases in Occludin and ZO-1(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the HDM group,the NAC+HDM group exhibited significant decreases both in the conversion of LC3BⅠ to LC3BⅡ(P<0.001)in the protein levels of Snail,p-β-catenin,Beclin-1 and ATG14(P<0.01),but significant increases in the protein levels of Occludin and ZO-1(P<0.05).Conclusion HDM affects the tight connections between airway epithelial cells by inducing autophagy,which may be attributed to the β-catenin-Snail signaling pathway.

Objective:To discern the association between autism-like behaviors and resilience within the ado-lescent demographic.Methods:A total of 7 063 middle school students were selected to assess ASD-like behaviors and resilience in adolescents using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire(ASSQ)as well as the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent(RSCA).Subgroups bounded by P5 and P95 of the total ASSQ score,a comparative analysis of the resilience scores between these groups was executed.A correlation evaluation and linear regression a-nalysis was carried out between ASSQ and RSCA scores from all participants.Results:The RSCA scores within the high ASSQ scoring group,were inferior to those in the low scoring group.ASSQ scores were negatively correlated with RSCA scores for the full sample(Ps＜0.01);Social interaction scores on the ASSQ were negatively correlated with the five-factor RSCA scores(β=-0.23,-0.27,-0.11,-0.23,-0.37,Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:There was a negative association between autism spectrum disorder-like behaviors and resilience in adolescents,with more severe social interaction symptoms being associated with poorer resilience.

Objective:To utilize single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to untangle the temporal expression profiles of molecules associated with congenital tooth agenesis and dental hard tissue formation during mouse molar development, and to construct a comprehensive cell atlas spanning the entire developmental period from E13.5 to P7.5, thereby providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal tooth development.Methods:scRNA-seq data of murine mandibular molar tooth germs at five developmental stages (E13.5, E14.5, E16.5, P3.5, P7.5) were obtained from the GEO database (accession: GSE189381). The Seurat pipeline was employed for quality control, data normalization, dimensionality reduction, and Harmony-based batch effect correction. Cellular subpopulations were identified through uniform manifold approximation and projection dimensionality reduction, while developmental trajectories were reconstructed using Monocle for pseudotime analysis.Results:scRNA-seq analysis profiling identified 27 distinct cellular clusters, which were annotated into twelve major cell types including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and endothelial cells. Msx1 exhibited a bimodal expression pattern. Pax9 reached its peak at E14.5 and then gradually decreased. Eda had a low expression level with a diffuse distribution. In contrast, Amelx and Enam were barely expressed during the embryonic stage and were activated at P3.5. Dspp was ectopically highly expressed in epithelial cells from P3.5 to P7.5, while Dmp1 was specifically upregulated in mesenchymal cells at P7.5.Conclusions:The temporal expression patterns of key regulatory genes for tooth agenesis (Msx1, Pax9, Eda), ameloblast differentiation (Amelx, Enam), and odontoblast development (Dspp, Dmp1) during mouse molar development. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and potential therapeutic targets for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying tooth agenesis and other developmental dental anomalies, paving the way for targeted clinical interventions.

Objective:To explore the related risk factors of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) by constructing and comparing nine regression models.Methods:All NEC patients admitted to the neonatal internal medicine department, neonatal surgery department, and neonatal intensive care unit of Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital (Shanxi Provincial Maternity and Child Health Center) from 2020 to 2022 were included as the case group. A control group consisted of children admitted during the same period based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The NEC data collected were used for feature selection by using the Boruta algorithm. Logistic regression, multi-decision tree gradient boosting, efficient gradient one-sided sampling, random forest, decision tree, gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), neural network, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbor models were constructed. The optimal model was selected through rigorous comparison and Shap explainable analysis was performed on the GBDT model.Results:Thirteen key factors were identified through screening for nine regression models construction. After strict comparison and analysis, the GBDT model showed higher stability compared with other eight regression models. In the validation set, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the GBDT model was 0.958, with an accuracy of 0.925, and sensitivity and specificity of 0.827 and 0.950, respectively. Shap explainable analysis on the GBDT model revealed that suffering from anemia, non-invasive ventilator use, procalcitonin use, premature birth, and low birth weight increased the risk for NEC, while breastfeeding and probiotics decreased the risk for NEC.Conclusion:This study identified the risk factors and protective factors for NEC by using the GBDT model, which provided evidnce for the prevention and treatment of NEC.

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*