Objective: To fabricate a hydrogel loaded with inositol hexaphosphate-zinc and preliminarily evaluate its performance in self-mineralization and osteoinduction, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of bone regeneration materials. Methods: The hydrogel framework (designated DF0) was formed by copolymerizing methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and four-armed poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate, followed by sequentially loading inositol hexaphosphate anions via electrostatic interaction and zinc ions via chelation. The hydrogel loaded only with inositol hexaphosphate anions was named DF1, while the co-loaded hydrogel was named DF2. The self-mineralization efficacy of the DF0 , DF1 and DF2 hydrogels was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The biocompatibility was assessed via live/dead cell staining and a CCK-8 assay. The osteoinductive capacity of the DF0 , DF1 and DF2 hydrogels on MC3T3-E1 cells was assessed via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. In the aforementioned cell experiments, cells cultured in standard medium served as the control group Results: The DF0, DF1, and DF2 hydrogels were successfully synthesized. Notably, DF1 and DF2 exhibited distinct self-mineralization within 6 days. Results from TEM, EDS, and SAED confirmed that the mineralization products were amorphous calcium phosphate in group DF1, and amorphous calciumzinc phosphate in group DF2. Biocompatibility tests revealed that none of the hydrogels (DF0, DF1, and DF2) adversely affected cell viability or proliferation. In osteogenic induction experiments, both ALP and ARS staining were intensified in the DF1 and DF2 groups, with the most profound staining observed in the DF2 group. Conclusion The developed inositol hexaphosphate-zinc hydrogel (DF2) demonstrates the dual capacity to generate calcium-phosphate compounds through self-mineralization while exhibiting excellent osteoinductive properties. This biocompatible, dual-promoting osteogenic hydrogel presents a novel strategy for bone regeneration.

Obesity and its related metabolic diseases have become a major global public health threat, and its rising incidence significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and other complications. Pancreatic lipase is a key enzyme that converts food-borne lipids into triglycerides and fatty acids, and the effective inhibition of its activity has become an important strategy for the treatment of obesity. This paper discusses the screening methods of pancreatic lipase inhibitors, and summarizes and reviews the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages and application status of traditional screening methods, modern new screening methods and virtual screening methods. In view of the problems faced by the screening methods of pancreatic lipase inhibitors, future research urgently needs to move towards a collaborative innovation path of multi-technology integration, intelligent screening and complex systematization of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to open up new research paradigms.

OBJECTIVE To provide a basis for aligning Chinese pharmacoeconomic research on heart failure （HF） with international standards. METHODS A qualitative comparison o f domestic and global HF pharmacoeconomic studies was conducted across four dimensions： research methods and model application， research perspectives and endpoints， data sources and parameter selection， and policy translation and practical impact. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Global studies predominantly utilize long-term dynamic models， societal perspectives， real-world data integration， and directly inform reimbursement decisions. Conversely， domestic research often relies on short-term simplified models， a single healthcare system perspectives， literature-derived data， and individual medicine recommendations. Future domestic studies should transition to long-term dynamic modeling， develop localized disease-specific utility databases via big data， establish reimbursement-linked closed-loop mechanisms， and foster multidisciplinary collaboration to optimize healthcare resource allocation.

OBJECTIVE To formulate Guidelines for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics （ 2026 edition ） in response to the challenges faced by such clinics in China， including uneven development， large discrepancies in service specifications， insufficient patient awareness， and limited medical insurance coverage. METHODS Led by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Professional Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， the Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association， and the Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Cross-strait Medical and Health Exchange Association， a total of 19 domestic hospital pharmacy experts were organized. Through a systematic review of national policies and literature research， current practical experience was summarized. Consensus on the contents of the guidelines was reached after in-depth discussions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS The guidelines covered five sections： definition and connotation of pharmacist-managed clinics， establishment requirements， implementation and management， post competency， and practical research. Firstly， the definition and connotation included three operational forms of pharmacist-managed clinics （independent mode， physician-pharmacist joint mode， and online pharmacist-managed clinic mode） and classified service modes （specialty-specific， drug-specific， and disease-specific pharmacist-managed clinics）. The establishment requirements were further refined， covering system construction （pharmaceutical service management system， quality control and assessment mechanism）， personnel qualifications （professional credentials， continuing education and professional training， etc）， service recipients， as well as service venues and facilities. Subsequently， the implementation and management of pharmacist-managed clinics were proposed， involving service procedures， intervention measures， documentation and records， patient education and follow-up， humanistic care， as well as risk management and quality control. Finally， post competency encompassed the competency requirements for pharmacists providing services in pharmacist-managed clinics， as well as the suggestions on teaching methods； practical research encouraged the conduct of high-quality pharmaceutical practice in the setting of pharmacist-managed clinics. The guidelines provide valuable guidance for the standardized implementation of pharmacist-managed clinics in China in terms of establishment， management， teaching， and research， fill the guideline gap in this field， and can promote the high-quality development of pharmacist-managed clinics.

To systematically synthesize evidence on multiple KRAS G12C inhibitors(KRAS G12C inhibitors, KRAS G12Ci) as monotherapy within a unified population and recommended-dose framework, establish a comparable benchmark range of efficacy and safety for previously treated patients with advanced or metastatic KRAS G12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), and explore potential effect modifiers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the stability and compatibility of butorphanol， nicardipine， urapidil， and tirofiban. METHODS A micro-infusion pump was used to simulate the infusion process. Samples were collected in real time from the needle tip at 0， 2， 4， 6， and 8 h after mixing of the four drugs. The appearance， pH， and number of insoluble particles were examined. The contents of butorphanol， nicardipine， urapidil， and tirofiban were determined using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS Within 8 hours， all mixed solutions remained clear and transparent， with no visible turbidity， precipitation， color change， or gas generation. The pH fluctuation ranged from 0.02 to 0.09， both within 0.1 pH units. The number of insoluble particles ≥10 μm in size in each compatibility solution was ≤9， and the number of insoluble particles ≥25 μm was ≤2， meeting the requirements of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia （Volume Ⅳ）. The relative percentage contents of butorphanol， nicardipine， urapidil， and tirofiban at 8 hours after compatibility mixing ranged from 92.38% to 113.40%. CONCLUSIONS Within 8 hours under simulated clinical micro-infusion pump infusion conditions， the stability and compatibility of the mixed solution containing butorphanol， nicardipine， urapidil， and tirofiban were satisfactory.

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the risk of concurrent cognitive impairment in older adults with heart disease. MethodsSelf-reported data from 2 673 respondents in the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were analyzed. The participants were randomly divided into a training set (n = 1 871) and a validation set (n = 802). Heart disease status was determined using a self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors, and a nomogram for predicting the risk of concurrent cognitive impairment in older adults with heart disease was developed using R software. Bootstrap resampling was used for internal validation, and model performance was further evaluated in the randomly split validation set. The predictive performance of the model was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curves.. ResultsA total of 2 673 older adults with heart disease were included, out of whom 315 participants in the training set had cognitive impairment. Lasso regression analysis identified age, education level, place of residence, instrumental activities of daily living and depression as predictors of concurrent cognitive impairment. A prediction model incorporating these five variables was constructed. The AUC were 0.827 (95%CI 0.804 to 0.850) in the training set and 0.847 (95%CI 0.812 to 0.882) in the validation set. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded P = 0.154 and P = 0.716 in the training and validation sets, respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities. Decision curve analysis indicated that the model provided favorable net benefit and predictive performance. ConclusionThe nomogram may provide a useful reference for risk screening and early intervention for cognitive impairment in older adults with heart disease.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, etiological distribution and risk factors of recurrent hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiaxing City, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods: Based on the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, data of all reported HFMD cases in Jiaxing City from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2024 were collected. Epidemiological and etiological distribution characteristics of recurrent HFMD cases were described. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to estimate the cumulative risk probability of reinfection, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify risk factors for HFMD reinfection. Results: A total of 3 105 recurrent HFMD cases were reported in Jiaxing City during 2016-2024, with a reinfection rate of 3.99%. The majority of reinfections were second episodes (97.68%). HFMD reinfection was associated with sex, age, population category and etiological serotype ( χ 2=26.44, 609.92, 459.72, 32.01, all P <0.01). The incidence of recurrent HFMD exhibited a bimodal seasonal pattern, with peaks occurring from June to July and September to November. Spatial distribution indicated that Nanhu District, Jiashan County and Tongxiang City accounted for 49.02% of all recurrent cases citywide. Among 264 laboratory confirmed recurrent cases, EV-A71 was the predominant pathogen (29.92%). The proportion of EV-A71 showed a trend of initial decline followed by rebound, while the proportion of CV-A6 increased over time ( χ 2 trend =6.94, 47.43, both P <0.05). Of 51 patients with ≥2 etiological test results, 56.86 % experienced reinfection with a different serotype. The median time to HFMD reinfection was 17.23 (0.50, 105.03) months after the primary episode. The reinfection probability was 0.61% at 6 months, 3.68% at 36 months, and remained approximately 5% at 64.37 months. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that male sex ( HR =1.23), age ≤ 3 years ( HR = 1.84), and scattered children and preschool children ( HR =3.78, 3.47, respectively) were independent risk factors for HFMD reinfection (all P <0.05). Conclusions Recurrent HFMD in Jiaxing City presents temporal and population heterogeneity, and its etiology shows an alternating serotype evolution pattern. Enhanced surveillance should be implemented among priority populations and high incidence regions, and multivalent vaccines should be developed to confer broader protection.

Pancreatic cancer （PC）， a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system， is characterized by extremely high incidence and mortality rates， imposing a severe burden on the healthcare system. Despite significant advancements in comprehensive therapeutic strategies for PC， clinical benefits for patients remain limited due to the high heterogeneity and unique microenvironment of the tumor. Therefore， further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying PC progression and developing novel， effective therapeutic strategies have become an urgent necessity in the current research. Programmed cell death （PCD） is a genetically orchestrated process of autonomous cell demise that is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that tumor cells can remodel the tumor microenvironment by modulating various PCD pathways—including apoptosis， autophagy， pyroptosis， and ferroptosis—thereby driving tumor proliferation， invasion， and drug resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） possesses unique advantages in anti-tumor therapy， characterized by multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway regulation. Accumulating evidence suggests that TCM formulas and their natural active compounds can effectively delay the malignant progression of PC by modulating PCD in tumor cells. This article systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms of PCD in PC progression and reviews the mechanisms by which TCM formulas and natural active compounds intervene in PC through PCD modulation. This review aims to provide theoretical support and future research directions for the prevention and treatment of PC with TCM.

As a new type of model organism， zebrafish is gradually gaining prominence in the field of scientific research. The unique biological characteristics and advantages of zebrafish make them play an increasingly important role in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. Compared with other common experimental animals， zebrafish have a fast reproductive and growth speed and high embryo transparency， making them an ideal model for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. This provides a new perspective and method for research on traditional Chinese medicine. With the growing global interest in traditional Chinese medicine， it has become crucial to find scientific and accurate methods to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. The introduction of the zebrafish model has brought new breakthroughs in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. To further promote the application of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine， this article systematically searched and sorted out the previous studies related to the application of zebrafish for this purpose since 2023. The commonly used disease models and indicators of zebrafish in evaluating the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine， as well as the mechanism of zebrafish in exploring the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine， were primarily reviewed. The application of zebrafish in evaluating the safety of traditional Chinese medicine and the typical examples in ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were demonstrated. The limitations encountered by zebrafish models in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were highlighted. The resolution of these problems will help further improve the accuracy and reliability of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The article discussed the evaluation of effectiveness， safety， and quality control of zebrafish applied in traditional Chinese medicine， so as to provide a reference for establishing standards for traditional Chinese medicine and promoting its modernization in the future.