Objective To analyze the distribution and epidemic characteristics of child injury cases in Pingshan District from 2021 to 2022, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of child injuries. Methods The injury monitoring data of Pingshan District from 2021 to 2022 were collected χ² and Post hoc testing were used for data analysis and comparison. Results From 2021 to 2022 , a total of 6 941 child injury cases were reported in Pingshan District, accounting for 20.58% of the total reported cases. Children aged 1 to 4 years old tended to be injured at home (58.49%, AR=23.75) and at night (43.74%, AR=5.34), and the injury causes mainly were falls/drops (49.22%, AR=4.66) and burns/scalds (2.98%, AR=7.15). Children aged 5 to 9 tended to be injured in schools and public places (26.55%%, AR=6.63) and public living places (18.51%, AR=3.33), and the injury causes mostly were animal attacks (26.48%, AR=6.97). Children aged 10 to 14 tended to be injured in schools and public places (31.39%, AR=10.81), highways/streets (17.71%, AR=3.78), as well as sports and activity places (12.20%, AR=15.66), and the injury causes tended to be knife/sharp instrument injuries. In the morning, injuries mostly occurred in schools and public places (17.98%, AR=3.24). In the afternoon, injuries tended to occur in schools and public places (39.41%, AR=9.89) as well as sports and activity places (37.50%, AR=3.52), and in the evening, injuries mostly occurred at home (46.49%, AR=10.17) and in public living places (46.07%, AR=5.44). Conclusion Governments, institutions, communities, and families should speed up the construction of a child injury prevention system with the participation of the whole society, and jointly create child-friendly environments in families, schools, public places, sports places, and road traffic . At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen injury prevention education , improve the injury prevention awareness and skills of students and guardians, and effectively reduce the occurrence of children's injuries starting from primary prevention.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(S.maltophilia)induces ferroptosis,a form of iron-dependent cell death,leading to an inflamma-tory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages by elevating oxidative stress levels.RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with varying concentrations of S.maltophilia.The concentrations of TNF-αand IL-1β were quantified using ELISA kits to assess the impact of S.maltophilia on the inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells.The activities of glutathione(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were measured using GSH and MDA assay kits to evaluate changes in oxidative stress.West-ern blot analysis was employed to detect the expression levels of COX-2,xCT,GPX4,and other proteins involved in ferroptosis signaling pathways,thereby investigating the effect of S.malto-philia on ferroptosis in RAW 264.7 cells.The results demonstrated that S.maltophilia induced concentration-dependent increases in inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells,up-regulated the expression of COX-2 protein and down-regulated the expression of xCT and GPX4.Pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine(NAC)significantly mitigated the S.malto-philia-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis signaling activation,thereby alleviating the inflam-matory response.Furthermore,treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 directly suppressed the activation of the ferroptosis signaling pathway and reversed the inflammation induced by S.maltophilia.These findings suggest that S.maltophilia triggers inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells by activating the ferroptosis signaling pathway via an increase in oxidative stress levels.

Olfactory diagnosis refers to the method of diagnosing diseases by smelling the odor emitted from the patient's body,secretions and excreta,and the odor of the sick room.It is one of the important diagnostic methods under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,and is included in the"inquiry and olfaction"of TCM.In recent years,there has been rapid development in medical-engineering integration,artificial intelligence,big data,and other interdisciplinary fields.This has been promoting the TCM gradually to develop towards accurate,efficient and personalized medical treatment,which has opened a new era of"Smart TCM".In this paper,the ancient literature related to olfactory diagnosis was systematically reviewed,the developmental characteristics of olfactory diagnosis theories in various periods was sorted out,and the different views of TCM specialists on the odors emitted by the human body in physiological and pathological states was summarized.The paper is to explore the origin of TCM olfactory diagnosis and its periodization,clarify the diagnosis of abnormal odors,corresponding to the nature,etiology and prognosis of the disease,and clarify the development of TCM olfactory diagnosis.It provides a theoretical source and literature basis for promoting the research of"smart olfactory diagnosis of TCM"and facilitating the development of objectivity,standardization and intelligence of olfactory diagnosis in TCM.

This paper reviews the current situation of massive open online course (MOOC) construction both domestically and internationally, highlighting the similarities, differences, and limitations of MOOC construction across nations. Based on the full-cycle MOOC construction of the "clinical epidemiology" course at Southern Medical University, including course design, resource integration, online deployment, and teaching evaluation, this study explored the significance, implementation path, and challenges of MOOC construction. This paper also reflects on the activation of teaching content, teacher-student interaction, and teaching mode, aiming to provide a reference for the construction and continuous enhancement of MOOC in China.

Objective To explore the identification method,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics and individualized pharmacotherapy of asymptomatic hyperuricemia after renal transplantation.Methods The pharmacist was on duty at the organ transplant outpatient clinic.During this time,they analyzed and sorted out the medications,identified and differentiated a case of asymptomatic hyperuricemia related to spironolactone in a patient who had undergone a renal transplant,and provided comprehensive care throughout the entire process.Results The asymptomatic hyperuricemia in this patient might be associated with spironolactone,and the adverse reactions of the patient were alleviated by pharmacists through optimizing clinical treatment.Up to now,no hyperuricemia occurred.Conclusions Pharmacists are required to collaborate closely with clinicians to establish medication profiles for patients under long-term follow-up and to closely monitor and evaluate drug-related adverse reactions.Additionally,they should assess the renal function and immune status of transplant recipients promptly and formulate individualized treatment plans in order to enhance the long-term survival of both the transplanted kidneys and the recipients.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of miR-155-5p targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1)in regulating the Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcrip-tion 3(STAT3)signaling pathway in renal injury associated with lupus nephritis(LN).Methods Thirty female MRL-faslpr lupus model mice were randomly divided into five groups(n=6 per group):the model group,the antagomir NC group,the miR-155-5p antagomir group,the miR-155-5p antagomir+shRNA control group,and the miR-155-5p antagomir+SOCS1 shRNA group.The mice were treated with adeno-associated virus vectors carrying miR-155-5p antagomir,antagomir NC,SOCS1 shRNA,or shRNA control.Additionally,six age-matched C57BL/6 mice served as a control group and received an equivalent volume of saline.Serum blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine(Scr)levels,renal histopathological changes,and the expression levels of miR-155-5p,SOCS1,phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2),and phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3)in renal tissues were evaluated.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited significantly elevated levels of BUN,Scr,miR-155-5p,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 proteins in the kidneys(P<0.01),while the expression level of SOCS1 was markedly reduced(P<0.01).Compared with both the model group and the antagomir NC group,the miR-155-5p antagomir group showed decreased levels of BUN,Scr,miR-155-5p,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 proteins(P<0.01),along with a significant increase in SOCS1 expression(P<0.01).Similarly,compared with the miR-155-5p antagomir group and the miR-155-5p antagomir+shRNA control group,the miR-155-5p antagomir+SOCS1 shRNA group demon-strated significantly higher levels of BUN,Scr,miR-155-5p,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 proteins(P<0.01),while SOCS1 expression was notably decreased(P<0.01).Renal pathology analysis revealed that,compared to the normal group,the model group exhibited glomerular atrophy,extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the renal tubulointerstitial region,and partial renal tubular necrosis.In contrast,the miR-155-5p antagomir group showed marked improvements in glomerular atrophy,tubular necrosis,and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the model group and antagomir NC group.Furthermore,compared with the miR-155-5p antagomir group and the miR-155-5p antagomir+shRNA control group,the miR-155-5p antagomir+SOCS1 shRNA group exhibited more severe glomerular atrophy,tubular necrosis,and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusion MiR-155-5p exacerbates renal damage in MRL-faslpr lupus model mice by targeting SOCS1,potentially through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To construct mice hepatocellular carcinoma models with different tumor immune microenvironments(TIME)and explore the differences.Methods H22 and hepa1-6 were used to construct subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of C57 mice as homologous hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines(denoted as H22 group and hepal-6 group,each n=8),and the differences of TIME were evaluated.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect and quantify the infiltration of T cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,regulatory T cells and B cells in TIME.Flow cytometry was performed to detect the differences of composition of immune cell subpopulations in peripheral blood and tumor parenchyma.Gene expression profile characteristics of tumor tissue were analyzed based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology,and enrichment analyses of immune-related signaling pathways were evaluated combined with gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG).Results H22 group showed cold and hepa1-6 group showed hot TIME characteristics.The number of T cells,CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in tumor tissue of H22 group were all lower,while the proportion of T cells,CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in peripheral blood were all higher than those of hepa1-6 group(all P＜0.05).Compared with H22 group,up-regulated genes of tumor tissue in hepa1-6 group expressed significantly enriched in tumor immune activation-related signaling pathways.Conclusion H22 and hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma models showed distinct TIME characteristics of cold and hot tumors,respectively,and the amount of immune cells in tumor tissue of the former were significantly lower than those in the latter.

The incidence rate of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(commonly referred to as coronary heart disease)remains high in China.In clinical practice,drug therapy,percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),and coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)are commonly employed.For patients with multi-vessel coronary artery stenosis,minimally invasive interventional therapy is often the preferred option.However,for those with multi-vessel disease complicated by comorbidities,CABG is generally recommended.Despite its advantages,PCI carries risks such as vascular restenosis,thrombosis,and other adverse events.Consequently,hybrid coronary revascularization(HCR)has emerged as an alternative approach.This paper provides an overview of coronary heart disease and re-views the advantages,applications,and patient selection criteria for HCR.

Objective:To investigate the association between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions among the middle-aged and elderly population in Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province.Methods:Employing a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 by selecting people aged 45-70 years from seven villages in three towns within Pingyin County, Jinan City, as survey respondents. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) were used to assess the social support and cognitive status of interviewees, and a self-developed questionnaire was used to collect other basic information. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and multifactorial logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between social support and subjective and objective cognitive functions.Results:A total of 1 891 subjects were finally included in the study, with 45.52±6.99 for the SSRS total score, an abnormal rate of 43.68% (826/1 891) for the SCD-Q9 score and an abnormal rate of 60.02% (1 135/1 891) for the MoCA-B score. The SSRS total score, subjective support score, objective support score and support utilization score were negatively correlated with SCD-Q9 scores and positively correlated with MoCA-B scores (all P<0.05). An increase in SSRS total score ( β=-0.034, 95% CI: -0.051--0.017, P<0.001) and objective support score ( β=-0.074, 95% CI: -0.121--0.027, P=0.002) can lower SCD-Q9 scores. Compared to those who had only 1 source of financial support or help with practical problems when experiencing an acute situation, those with 2-4 ( OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.34-0.82), 5 ( OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.27-0.79), or 6-7 ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.81) sources of help were more likely to have normal SCD-Q9 scores. Compared to individuals with ≤2 close friends who provided support and help, those with 3-5 ( OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91) or ≥6 friends ( OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97) were more likely to have normal MoCA-B scores. Moreover, compared to individuals who never participated in group activities, those who actively participated ( OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.81) were more likely to have normal MoCA-B scores. Conclusions:Social support has protective effects on subjective and objective cognitive functions, and various social support conditions have different protective effects on subjective and objective cognitive functions among middle-aged and older people. Improving social support conditions for middle-aged and elderly individuals may delay the process of cognitive decline.

Reninoma is a rare renal secretory tumor，prevalent in the young population. This disease is mostly surgically resected，and the use of microwave ablation to treat reninoma in children is scarce. A case of reninoma in a child was reported in this paper. The patient presented with refractory hypertension，hypokalemia，hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronemia. Enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed mass in the lower pole of the right kidney，which was considered as reninoma and microwave ablation was performed. The renin concentration decreased to 68.42 pg/ml at 4 hours after surgery. After 1 year of postoperative follow-up，there was no recurrence of hypertension and hypokalemia，and no signs of tumor recurrence were seen on repeated ultrasound examinations.