As a new type of model organism， zebrafish is gradually gaining prominence in the field of scientific research. The unique biological characteristics and advantages of zebrafish make them play an increasingly important role in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. Compared with other common experimental animals， zebrafish have a fast reproductive and growth speed and high embryo transparency， making them an ideal model for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. This provides a new perspective and method for research on traditional Chinese medicine. With the growing global interest in traditional Chinese medicine， it has become crucial to find scientific and accurate methods to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. The introduction of the zebrafish model has brought new breakthroughs in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. To further promote the application of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine， this article systematically searched and sorted out the previous studies related to the application of zebrafish for this purpose since 2023. The commonly used disease models and indicators of zebrafish in evaluating the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine， as well as the mechanism of zebrafish in exploring the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine， were primarily reviewed. The application of zebrafish in evaluating the safety of traditional Chinese medicine and the typical examples in ensuring the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were demonstrated. The limitations encountered by zebrafish models in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine were highlighted. The resolution of these problems will help further improve the accuracy and reliability of zebrafish in evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The article discussed the evaluation of effectiveness， safety， and quality control of zebrafish applied in traditional Chinese medicine， so as to provide a reference for establishing standards for traditional Chinese medicine and promoting its modernization in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of folic acid-modified crebanine polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid hydroxyacetic acid copolymer（PEG-PLGA） nanoparticles（FA-Cre@PEG-PLGA NPs， hereinafter referred to as NPs） combined with ultrasonic irradiation on subcutaneous tumor of liver cancer in Kunming（KM） mice. MethodsEighty-four healthy male KM mice were utilized to establish a subcutaneous tumor model of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma with H22 cells， then mice were randomly divided into model group， placebo group， hydroxycamptothecin group（8 mg∙kg^-1）， low， medium and high dose crebanine raw material groups（2， 2.5， 3 mg∙kg^-1， hereinafter referred to as the low， medium and high dose crebanine groups， respectively）， low， medium and high dose NPs groups（2， 2.5， 3 mg∙kg^-1）， and low， medium and high dose NPs combined with ultrasonic irradiation groups（2， 2.5， 3 mg∙kg^-1， hereinafter referred to as the low， medium and high dose combination groups， respectively）. The corresponding doses of drugs were administered via tail vein injection， the model group received no treatment， while the placebo group was injected with an equivalent amount of normal saline. Dosing was conducted for a total of 10 times on alternate days. The body mass of the mice was monitored， and parameters such as body mass change rate， thymus index， spleen index， tumor volume， tumor weight， relative tumor growth rate（T/C）， and tumor inhibition rate（TGI） were calculated. Pathological changes in liver and kidney tissues as well as the tumor were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. Additionally， the levels of aspartate aminotransferase（AST）， alanine aminotransferase（ALT）， blood urea nitrogen（BUN） and creatinine（CREA） in serum of mice were detected by biochemical method. Furthermore， the effect of ultrasound on the distribution of NPs in subcutaneous tumors of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma was observed by in vivo imaging technique. ResultsAmong different treatment methods， the combination of NPs and ultrasound irradiation had the best therapeutic effect. Compared with the model group， the body mass growth rates of mice in the medium and high combination groups decreased， while the thymus index and spleen index increased， but there was no statistically significant difference in serum AST， ALT， BUN and CREA levels， indicating that NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation had little effect on the normal physiological state of the body， oth groups had TGI>40% and T/C<60%， indicating a clear anti-tumor effect. Pathological analysis showed that compared with the NPs groups， the combination groups exhibited varying degrees of necrosis in tumor cells， accompanied by less damage to the liver and kidneys. In vivo imaging of small animals showed that compared with the high dose NPs group， the high dose combination group had stronger tumor targeting ability（P<0.01）. ConclusionNPs combined with ultrasonic irradiation can not only effectively targeted the drug to the tumor site， inhibit the subcutaneous tumor growth of mouse liver cancer， but also decrease damage to liver and kidney tissues.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the targeting effect of folic acid-modified crebanine nanoparticles （FA-Cre@PEG- PLGA NPs， hereinafter referred to as “NPs”） combined with ultrasound irradiation on M109 cells in vitro and in vivo after administration， and explore the anti-tumor mechanism. METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation on the proliferation of M109 cells， and the best ultrasound time was selected. Using human lung cancer A549 cells as a control， the targeting of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation to M109 cells was evaluated by free folic acid blocking assay and cell uptake assay. The effects of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation on the migration， invasion， apoptosis， cell cycle and reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels of M109 cells were detected by cell scratch test， Transwell chamber test and flow cytometry at 1 h after 958401536@qq.com administration； the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） were observed by fluorescence inverted microscope. A mouse subcutaneous tumor model of M109 cells was constructed， and the in vivo tumor targeting of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation was investigated by small animal in vivo imaging technology. RESULTS NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation could significantly inhibit the proliferation of M109 cells， and the optimal ultrasound time was 1 h after administration. The free folic acid could antagonize the inhibitory effect of NPs on the proliferation of M109 cells， and combined with ultrasound irradiation could partially reverse this antagonism. Compared with A549 cells， the uptake rate of NPs in M109 cells was significantly higher （P＜0.01）， and ultrasound irradiation could promote cellular uptake. NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation could inhibit the migration and invasion of M109 cells and block the cell cycle in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Compared with control group， the apoptosis rate of M109 cells and ROS level were increased significantly （P＜0.01）， while the MMP decreased significantly （P＜0.01） in the different concentration （100， 200， 300 μg/mL） groups of M109 cells. Compared with the mice in non-ultrasound group， the fluorescence intensity and tumor-targeting index of the tumor site in the 0 h ultrasound group were significantly enhanced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation have a strong targeting effect on M109 cells in vitro and in vivo， the anti-tumor mechanism includes inhibiting cell migration and invasion， blocking cell cycle， and inducing apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of transverse sinus with sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence (SSWD) of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) based on 4D flow MRI.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on all patients admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021 for dehiscent sigmoid plate pulsatile tinnitus. A total of 26 patients (sides) who met the criteria and underwent 4D flow MRI were included. A total of 26 subjects (46 sides), matched 1∶1 according to gender and age, were included in the normal healthy control group. Nonparametric rank sum test, Student′s t test, and ANOVA were performed by SPSS 19.0 software. Binary Logistic regression was applied to the data with statistical significance. Results:There were more patients with dominant drainage on the affected side in PT group than in control group (73.1% vs. 42.3%). The incidence of transverse with a focal intraluminal filling defect and tapered stenosis was higher than that in control group (21.7% vs. 69.2%; 17.4% vs. 42.3%). Average through-plane velocity and maximum through-plane velocity in PT group were higher than those in control group [(33.75±13.88) cm/s vs. (15.84±7.21) cm/s; (93.19±33.55) cm/s vs. (40.40±14.40) cm/s]. The middle part and proximal end of Flow avg (ml/s) in PT group were larger than those in control group [4.69 (2.87; 5.62) ml/s vs. 2.76 (1.67; 4.99) ml/s; 3.41 (2.16; 5.47) ml/s vs. 2.67 (1.68; 4.41) ml/s]. In control group, the velocity of transverse sinus changed relatively gently, while in PT group, the velocity of proximal sinus increased significantly. Binary Logistic regression showed that SSWD PT was independently correlated with proximal maximum flow velocity [ OR=1.086(1.029-1.146), P=0.003]. Conclusion:4D flow MRI showed that the dominant drainage and higher velocity at the proximal end of the transverse sinus might be an important hemodynamic characteristics of dehiscent sigmoid plate pulsatile tinnitus.

Transverse sinus is an important pathway of intracranial venous reflux,which is also crucial for maintaining cerebral circulation and stabilizing intracranial pressure.Transverse sinus stenosis(TSS)is the most common variation of transverse sinus,which might lead to changes in sinus hemodynamics and pressure and closely related to idiopathic intracranial hypertension,pulsatile tinnitus and chronic headache.The progresses in imaging researches of transverse sinus stenosis were reviewed in this article.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and related factors of pediatric flexible flatfoot (PFF) among 7-8 year old children in Changzhou, so as to provide a feasible basis for the prevention and treatment of PFF. Methods: From December 2023 to February 2024, a total of 1 685 children aged 7-8 from 10 primary schools in Changzhou were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method, and screened for PFF by using a foot optical assessment recording device. Information including sex, body mass index (BMI), diet, exercise and shoe wearing habits were collected. The valgus angle of the hindfoot was measured on the body surface by using an orthopedic measuring ruler in the standing position. Pain levels were evaluated by using visual analogue score (VAS) for children with flatfoot syndrome. Multivariate Logistic analysis was used to analyze related factors of PFF. Results: The overall detection rate of PFF was 27.4%, and there was a significant difference in the detection rate of PFF between boys and girls, with 30.3% and 24.1% respectively ( χ 2=7.96, P < 0.01 ). Most cases of PFF were mild flatfoot (60.8%) and bilateral ( 60.4% ). Approximately 13.2% of children with PFF had flatfoot syndrome, with a mean VAS of (2.86±0.73). About 56.1% of children with PFF had a normal valgus angle of the hindfoot. Sex, high BMI and preference for shoe last with front upturned shoe shape were positively correlated with the detection of PFF ( OR= 1.74, 1.54, 1.13, P <0.05). After stratified by sex, regular exercise in boys and age in girls were negatively correlated with the detection of PFF ( OR=0.40, 0.64, P <0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of PFF in 7-8 year old children is high. Additionally, PFF combined with flatfoot syndrome or valgus hindfoot is relatively rare and is likely to be underestimated, which emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention for PFF.

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of acupuncture intervention at different time during the acute phase of ischemic stroke on limb motor dysfunction 6 months after onset. MethodsThe enrolled ischemic stroke patients from four tertiary hospitals all received western basic treatment for ≥14 days； additionally， they were given the cleaning-mind and opening-orifices acupuncture method， with acupuncture at bilateral Neiguan （PC 6）， Shuigou （GV 26）， and Sanyinjiao （SP 6） of the affected side， once a day for at least 2 times. Three cohorts were formed by the timing of acupuncture intervention of the onset of the disease within 10 days， namely， the acupuncture group of 1-3 days after onset of the disease （195 cases）， the acupuncture group of 4-7 days after onset of the disease （171 cases）， and the acupuncture group of 8-10 days after onset of the disease （96 cases）. Propensity score matching was performed using R4.3.3 software， and there were 89 patients in each of the three groups after matching. Modified Rankin Scale （mRS） score， Fugl-Meyer Scale （FMA） score， EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level （EQ-5D-5L） score and the proportion of good functional outcome were observed in the 3 groups of patients before treatment and 6 months after onset. A logistic regression model was constructed to analyse the effect of the timing of acupuncture intervention on the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for limb motor dysfunction in ischaemic stroke. ResultsCompared with the pre-treatment of this group， mRS and EQ-5D-5L scores decreased and FMA increased in all three groups 6 months after onset （P＜0.01）， and all the indexes of the onset 1-3 days acupuncture group and the onset 4-7 days acupuncture group were better than those of the onset 8-10 days acupuncture group （P＜0.05）. The proportions of good functional outcome in the onset 1-3 days acupuncture group， the onset 4-7 days acupuncture group， and the onset 8-10 days acupuncture group were 76.40%， 80.90%， and 57.30%， respectively， and the proportions of good functional outcome in the onset 1-3 days acupuncture group and the onset 4-7 days acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the onset 8-10 days acupuncture group （P＜0.05）. Multifactorial logistic analysis showed that compared with the group with 8-10 days of onset， the group with 1-3 days of onset （OR=2.796， 95%CI： 1.340~5.836， P = 0.006）， and the group with 4-7 days of onset （OR=3.482， 95%CI： 1.647~7.362， P = 0.001） increased the likelihood that patients would be nondisabled 6 months after onset. ConclusionThe intervention of cleaning-mind and opening-orifices acupuncture within 1-7 days of onset for patients with acute ischemic stroke can reduce the rate of disability 6 months after onset， improve limb motor function， and enhance the quality of life.

Objective To explore the protective effect of wogonin on retinal ganglion cells(RGC)in mice with glau-coma and its related mechanism.Methods Ten(10 eyes)C57BL/6J mice were included in the control group,and 40(40 eyes)DBA/2J mice were selected to prepare glaucoma models,which were divided into the model group,experiment 1,2 and 3 groups,with 10 mice per group.Mice in the control and model groups were given normal saline intragastrically,and mice in the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups were intragastrically given 50,100 and 150 mg·kg-1 wogonin,respectively.The right eyes were selected as experimental eyes.The intraocular pressure(IOP)of mice was compared among the five groups before and after 2,4 and 8 weeks of intragastric administration.The RGC number and retinal thickness of mice in each group were compared after hematoxylin-eosin staining.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the retinal tissues of mice were detected by colorimetry.The levels of inter-leukin(IL)-6,IL-1 β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the retinal tissues of mice were detected by enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay.The expression levels of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family 3(NLRP3),Caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC)in the retinal tissues of mice were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,IOP in the model group and the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups increased(all P＜0.05)before intragastric administration.After 2,4 and 8 weeks of intragastric administration,IOP in the model group and the ex-periment 1,2 and 3 groups increased compared with the control group(all P＜0.05);IOP in the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups decreased compared with the model group(all P＜0.05);IOP in the experiment 2 and 3 groups decreased compared with the experiment 1 group(both P＜0.05);IOP in the experiment 3 group decreased compared with the experiment 2 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the number of RGC,retinal thickness,SOD and GSH-Px levels in the model group and the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups decreased,while the expression levels of NOS,IL-6,IL-1 β,TNF-α,and NLRP3,Caspase-1 and ASC proteins increased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the number of RGC,retinal thickness,SOD and GSH-Px levels in the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups increased,while the expression levels of NOS,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and NLRP3,Caspase-1 and ASC proteins decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Compared with the experiment 1 group,the number of RGC,retinal thickness,SOD and GSH-Px levels in the experiment 2 and 3 groups increased,while the expression levels of NOS,IL-6,IL-1 β,TNF-α,and NLRP3,Caspase-1 and ASC proteins decreased(all P＜0.05);compared with the experi-ment 2 group,the number of RGC,retinal thickness,SOD and GSH-Px levels in the experiment 3 group increased,while the expression levels of NOS,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and NLRP3,Caspase-1 and ASC proteins decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Wogonin can improve the retinal thickness of mice with glaucoma and alleviate retinal oxidative damage and inflammatory reaction,which may be related to inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Objective·To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors based on the Shanghai community elderly cohort.Methods·The study subjects were selected from the Shanghai community elderly cohort established from February to August 2019,with a total of 17 948 people.The study subjects were divided into 4 groups according to self-reported presence or absence of tumors and/or cardiovascular diseases during the baseline survey:tumor-free and non-cardiovascular disease group,single cardiovascular disease group,single tumor group and tumor cardiovascular disease co-occurrence group.The differences among the four groups of subjects were collected and compared in terms of demographic characteristics and physiological indicators,daily living habits(smoking,drinking tea,drinking coffee,drinking carbonated drink,drinking alcohol,sedentary time,physical activity level and sleep quality),past medical history,psychological status(depression and anxiety)and dietary compliance.Results·Among the study subjects,60.1%of tumor patients were complicated with cardiovascular diseases.The differences among the four groups of subjects in age,gender,educational level,pre-retirement occupation,waist circumference,hip circumference and body mass index were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Compared with the tumor-free and non-cardiovascular disease group,the single cardiovascular disease group,single tumor group and tumor cardiovascular disease co-occurrence group all exhibited lower proportions of smoking and high physical activity levels(all P<0.05),and higher proportion of sedentary time exceeding 4 h/d and poor sleep quality(all P<0.05);the proportion of subjects with past medical histories including hyperlipidemia,peripheral vascular disease,endocrine system disease,respiratory system disease,urinary system disease and digestive system disease of the single cardiovascular disease group and the tumor cardiovascular disease co-occurrence group was higher(all P<0.05),and the proportion of subjects with depression and anxiety was also higher(all P<0.05).Furthermore,compared with the tumor-free and non-cardiovascular disease group,the single cardiovascular disease group had lower compliance rates of poultry,fish,fruit and liquid milk(all P<0.05).Among the four groups,only the compliance rate of vegetable intake exceeded 50%,while the compliance rates of poultry,fish,fruit,liquid milk and tubers were all below 20%.Conclusion·In the elderly population of Shanghai communities,over half of malignant tumor patients are concomitant with cardiovascular diseases.Unhealthy daily habits are prevalent among those with cardiovascular diseases,tumors and tumor-cardiovascular disease co-occurrence.The intake of many foods in the elderly of the community do not reach the levels recommended by Chinese Dietary Guidelines.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of cases with different congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) volume ratios (CVR) and the effect of maternal glucocorticoid treatment during pregnancy on CPAM.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 56 singleton pregnant women with fetal CPAM diagnosed prenatally in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, from September 2020 to May 2023. Among these, three cases received maternal glucocorticoid treatment during pregnancy and clinical conditions were reported in detail. Statistical analyses were performed using independent sample t-tests, non-parametric tests, Chi-square tests, or Fisher's exact test. Results:(1) General information: The average age of the 56 pregnant women with CPAM fetuses was (32.0±0.7) years. All fetuses had unilateral lesions, with 25 cases (44.6%) on the left side. Types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ CPAM accounted for 5.4% (3/56), 50.0% (28/56), and 44.6% (25/56), respectively. Fetal hydrops occurred in two cases, and the maximum CVR during the fetal period for the other 54 non-hydropic fetuses was 0.79±0.66. (2) The CVR threshold for the risk of fetal hydrops was set as the mean maximum CVR of non-hydropic CPAM fetuses plus 2 standard deviations (0.79+2×0.66=2.1). The subjects were divided into two groups based on the maximum CVR during the fetal period: CVR≤2.0 group ( n=50) and CVR>2.0 group ( n=6). Comparison between the CVR>2.0 group and CVR≤2.0 group: The CVR>2.0 group had significantly higher rates of fetal hydrops [2/6 vs. 0.0% (0/50), Fisher's exact test], mediastinal shift [5/6 vs. 32.0% (16/50), χ 2=4.03], polyhydramnios [6/6 vs. 4.0% (2/50), Fisher's exact test], and postnatal surgery [4/5 vs. 22.2% (10/45), continuity correction χ 2=4.86] (all P<0.05). None of the fetuses with CVR≤2.0 had hydrops or received intrauterine intervention. The overall live birth rate was 89.3% (50/56). (3) Maternal glucocorticoid treatment during pregnancy: three of six fetuses with CVR>2.0 were treated with maternal glucocorticoid during pregnancy, and all were delivered alive at term after the intervention with resolution of edema and/or reduction in mass size. Two of them were treated with postnatal thoracoscopic surgery and were followed up to 5 and 14 months of age, respectively, with no abnormalities in feeding and development; the other was not treated surgically until 3 months of age, with no respiratory-related symptoms and no abnormalities in feeding and development. Conclusions:Prenatal ultrasound indicating CVR>2.0 is associated with increased rates of fetal hydrops, mediastinal shift, and polyhydramnios. Maternal glucocorticoid treatment during pregnancy may lead to favorable pregnancy outcomes for these CPAM fetuses.