Implementation science (IS) aims to systematically analyze and address the real-world gaps from evidence to practice and the influencing factors of the context. It is necessary to carry out qualitative research to gather relevant implementation outcomes. Nevertheless, traditional qualitative analysis has issues such as consuming a great deal of time and energy, and it is unable to promptly provide the crucial data required for implementation science research. The Rapid Qualitative Analysis (RQA) method, through semi-structured interviews and the adoption of techniques such as immediate data condensation and matrix analysis, can effectively shorten the cycle of qualitative data collection and data processing. RQA can promptly identify social determinants of health such as structural barriers, facilitators, and the behavioral characteristics of target groups. It provides a real-time basis for public health decision-making, the interpretation of complex social phenomena, and the process and effectiveness evaluation of research projects. Although RQA is difficult to conduct in-depth theoretical analysis based on grounded theory, its efficiency and flexibility make it the preferred tool for large-scale and time-sensitive research. Thus, it has been widely applied in implementation science research. This paper sorts out the core concepts and commonly used technical methods of RQA, as well as the differences between RQA and traditional qualitative analysis. It also explores the applications of RQA in intervention optimization, process evaluation, and implementation outcome evaluation. By integrating specific cases, this paper clarifies its application value in the field of implementation science. In the future, it is advisable to explore the integration of RQA with technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, in order to bridge the gap between the transformation of scientific research achievements into practice. Under circumstances of limited resources or tight time constraints, RQA can be used to efficiently conduct implementation science research, providing convenient and scientific methodological and technical support for accelerating evidence-based practice.

Objective To summarize and analyze the efficacy and influencing factors of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute leukemia relapsing after the first allo-HSCT. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with acute leukemia who underwent second allo-HSCT at Peking University First Hospital from January 2005 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 17 patients, 7 achieved long-term disease-free survival after second transplantation. The median progression-free survival after successful second transplantation was 7 months (range 8 days to 69 months). The relapse fatality was 24%, and the transplant-related fatality was 35%. Conclusions Second transplantation is an effective treatment for relapsed and refractory acute leukemia, but the relapse fatality and transplant-related fatality remain high. Patient age, time of relapse after the first transplantation and disease status before second transplantation are all factors that affect the efficacy of second transplantation. Younger age, late relapse and complete remission of disease before second transplantation are all beneficial for long-term disease-free survival after second transplantation.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is a common autoimmune complication in thyroid diseases. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves the abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways. With the rapid development of molecular biology and genomics technologies, the signal transduction mechanisms and regulatory networks related to TAO have been deeply analyzed. At present, studies have found that the interaction between the TSH receptor(TSHR)and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R)signaling pathway, as well as immune inflammation-related pathways, oxidative stress, and calcium signaling pathways, play important roles in the pathogenesis of TAO. In addition, the research on the regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNA and fibrosis-related signaling molecules has gradually become the focus. Despite much advancement, there are still many unsolved mysteries regarding the exact pathogenesis of TAO. This article aims to systematically review the latest research progress of the main signaling pathways of TAO. By combining the latest achievements in gene expression profiles, single-cell sequencing and drug design, it analyzes potential therapeutic targets and the development directions of innovative drugs, providing a theoretical basis for the pathological mechanism of TAO and a scientific basis for the optimization of clinical treatment strategies at the same time.

Medical humanities consistently run through the entire process of medical development and educational reform. However， with the increasingly prominent dominance of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice， the medical humanities have gradually been weakened in both medical education and clinical practice. Narrative medicine， through telling and listening to patients’ stories， enhances healthcare professionals’ empathy， fosters doctor–patient communication， and facilitates a return to the humanistic essence of medical education and clinical practice. By sorting out and reviewing related literature and developmental trends both at home and abroad， this paper pointed out the existing structural problem of an imbalance between technological priority and humanistic care in medical education， focusing on how to achieve an effective integration of medical humanities and narrative medicine in medical education. This paper also systematically analyzed the significance of both medical humanities and narrative medicine in the medical education system and proposed promoting the deep embedding of narrative medicine in medical education from three entry points， namely， curriculum integration， interdisciplinary collaboration， and the construction of teaching evaluation systems. The aim was to provide theoretical support and practical experience for medical education reform， foster the coordinated development of professional competence and humanistic spirit among medical talents， and truly achieve the goal of cultivating well-rounded medical talents.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory systemic disease in dermatology. Its high prevalence， recurrence rate， and numerous comorbidities impose a significant physical and mental burden on patients. With the continuous advancement of modern medicine， the emergence of biological agents has improved clinical efficacy， making it possible to overcome psoriasis， in addition to classical treatments. However， in clinical practice， adverse reactions， drug resistance， recurrence rates， and immune drift cannot be ignored. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a history of thousands of years in treating psoriasis， demonstrating good efficacy， high safety， and a low recurrence rate， but a standardized management system is lacking. Therefore， the 25^th Clinical Diseases Responding Specially to TCM Treatment Series （Psoriasis） Youth Salon， hosted by the Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine and organized by the Youth Committee of the Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine， invited 29 experts and scholars from TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields to actively discuss the "Advantages， Challenges， and Clinical Transformation of TCM and Western Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Psoriasis". The experts at the meeting concluded that the advantages of TCM in the treatment of psoriasis are as follows. Firstly， in the TCM-led treatment plan， TCM's understanding of psoriasis follows the principle of combining the differentiation of disease and syndrome. This approach distinguishes the basic contradiction from the current main contradiction and enables a clear grasp of the dynamic process of psoriasis development. Based on the system of syndrome differentiation and treatment， TCM intervention is applied to address the current main contradiction， and the optimal TCM treatment plan is formulated by combining internal and external treatments. Adhering to the principle of "what is visible outside must be addressed inside"， TCM can prevent and treat psoriasis comorbidities early by differentiating syndrome types. Secondly， in the integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment plan， the combination of both methods not only enhances efficacy but also reduces the adverse reactions of immunosuppressants and biological agents， lowering the recurrence rate. This conference provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis using TCM and integrated TCM and Western medicine， opening up new ideas for clinical and basic research and guiding future research directions.

Objective : To examine the relationship between the levels of endothelin-1(ET-1) and the severity of clinical symptoms in idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases(IIDDs) of the central nervous system. Methods : A total of 45 patients with central nervous system demyelinating diseases were enrolled in the study. Among them, 25 patients were diagnosed with idiopathic IIDDs, 20 had vascular demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, and 10 healthy controls were also included. Serum ET-1 levels were assessed using ELISA, and a further analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation between these ET-1 levels, laboratory test results, and the degree of disease disability in the IIDDs patient group. Results: (1) Of the three groups, ET-1 levels were highest in the IIDDs(Ps=0.503, P=0.010), CSF total protein(rs=0.475, P=0.016), CSF albumin(rs=0.480, P=0.020), CSF IgG(rs=0.544, P=0.007), IgA(rs=0.660, P=0.002) and IgM(rs=0.555, P=0.011) levels.(3) There was a positive correlation between serum ET-1 levels and CSF IgM levels(rs=0.455, P=0.044) in IIDDs group. Serum ET-1 level showed no significant correlation with peripheral immune reaction(P>0.05). Conclusion Serum ET-1 levels reflect the severity of clinical symptoms in IIDDs and show no significant correlation with peripheral immune markers, however, exhibit a positive correlation with disease severity and cerebrospinal fluid IgM levels. These findings suggest that serum ET-1 levels may indicate the degree of central nervous system inflammation and play an important role in the development and progression of IIDDs.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of a patient with De-differentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). METHODS: A 38-year-old female patient with DDLPS who had visited Hunan Provincial People's Hospital in January 2025 was selected as the study subject. A retrospective study method was adopted to collect the patient's clinical data, including current and past medical history, auxiliary examinations, pathological diagnosis, and results of genetic testing. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (Ethics No.: KY2025-150). RESULTS: The patient had presented with abdominal pain and abdominal mass. Imaging studies revealed ascites and space-occupying abdominal lesions. Postoperative pathological examination showed that the tumor was composed of spindle cells, and its morphology and immunohistochemistry had made it difficult to distinguish between DDLPS and leiomyosarcoma. High-throughput sequencing revealed characteristic molecular alterations of DDLPS, and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed MDM2 gene amplification, leading to a diagnosis of DDLPS. CONCLUSION The patient was diagnosed with DDLPS. Her clinical manifestations and pathological features were consistent with the characteristics of DDLPS. Molecular pathological testing played a crucial role in the diagnosis and provided a crucial reference for subsequent treatment.
Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Liposarcoma/diagnosis* ; Phenotype ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics*

Guidelines for Digital Ancient Books of TCM Indexing(T/CIATCM 119-2024)is based on the theoretical knowledge,disciplinary methods,and practical applications of TCM classical cataloging.Taking digital ancient books of TCM as the object,it systematically reveals the content of TCM knowledge,which is an essential indexing processing standard for building an intelligent retrieval system for TCM ancient books,and can provide support for the deep development and innovative utilization of TCM knowledge.It can not only promote the co-construction and sharing of ancient book resources in the TCM industry,but also promote the standardization construction and application of TCM information.This standard specifies the principles,methods,and examples of free indexing of digital ancient books of TCM based on their original content.It is applicable to the indexing and processing of digital ancient books of TCM for TCM professional libraries and related institutions,and to the data processing and construction of various types of TCM ancient book databases.

Objective:To design a set of new type of surgery instrument for pectus excavatum(PE),so as to improve safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive operation in surgery for PE.Methods:The design of the new type of surgical instrument for PE adopted multifunctional orthopedic board that combined both penetrating and supporting functions.The T type handle,special sealing screw for single hole,setscrew and stator,which were convenient for operation,were equipped for the orthopedic board.The new type of surgical instrument was applied in clinical PE surgery since November,2010,and a total of 1398 PE surgeries were conducted in the 10 years,which included 1078 surgeries with single hole,and 320 surgeries with multi holes.The success rate of PE surgery with single hole mode was assessed.Results:In 1398 PE surgeries,the number of PE patients,whose ages were less or equal to 12 years old,and who all adopted single hole mode,was 887 cases,and the success rate of surgery with single hole was 100%.In addition,the number of PE patients,whose age was larger than 12 years old,was 511 cases,and the surgery with single hole was successfully applied in 191 cases of them,and the success rate of surgery with single hole was 37.4%.Conclusion:The the new type of surgical instrument for PE by surgery with single hole and multi holes has mature technique,and it is safety and effectiveness,which has higher clinical application value.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of a patient with De-differentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS).Methods:A 38-year-old female patient with DDLPS who had visited Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital in January 2025 was selected as the study subject. A retrospective study method was adopted to collect the patient′s clinical data, including current and past medical history, auxiliary examinations, pathological diagnosis, and results of genetic testing. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital (Ethics No.: KY2025-150).Results:The patient had presented with abdominal pain and abdominal mass. Imaging studies revealed ascites and space-occupying abdominal lesions. Postoperative pathological examination showed that the tumor was composed of spindle cells, and its morphology and immunohistochemistry had made it difficult to distinguish between DDLPS and leiomyosarcoma. High-throughput sequencing revealed characteristic molecular alterations of DDLPS, and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed MDM2 gene amplification, leading to a diagnosis of DDLPS. Conclusion:The patient was diagnosed with DDLPS. Her clinical manifestations and pathological features were consistent with the characteristics of DDLPS. Molecular pathological testing played a crucial role in the diagnosis and provided a crucial reference for subsequent treatment.