ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze an outbreak of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in a prison in Chongqing Municipality, to provide a basis for adult rotavirus surveillance and prevention, and to explore the public health problems in special settings. MethodsA retrospective survey was conducted to collect and analyze data on individual cases with diarrheal disease on-site. The clinical characteristics, as well as the temporal, spatial and geographical distribution patterns of the epidemic were described. Multi-pathogen detection tests were conducted both on diarrhea cases and environmental samples, with viral genotyping performed on positive samples. A case-control analysis was performed to identify the causes of the outbreak, and an SEIR model was adopted to predict the outbreak trend and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. ResultsA total of 65 cases were found among the inmates, with an attack rate of 2.03%. The predominant clinical manifestations included diarrhea (89.23%), watery stool (73.85%), and dehydration (18.46%). The epidemic curve indicated a “human-to-human” transmission pattern, with an average incubation period of 5‒6 days. The attack rates among chefs in the main canteen (80.00%, 8/10) and caterers (28.33%, 17/60) were significantly higher than those of other inmates （P<0.05）. Multi-pathogen polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing detected positive for group A rotavirus, with the viral genotyping identified as G9P [8] strain. Factors such as unprotected "bare-handed" food distribution among cases with diarrhea (OR=9.512, 95%CI: 4.261‒21.234) and close contact with diarrhea cases (OR=3.656, 95%CI: 1.719‒7.778) were the possible cause of the outbreak. The SEIR model (r₀=5, α=0.3, β₁=0.08, β₂=0.04) was constructed using prison inmates as susceptible population, aiming at fitting the initial transmission trend of the outbreak, and the epidemic rate declined rapidly after intervention measures were implemented (r_t≈0). ConclusionThis rare rotavirus infection diarrhea outbreak among adults in confined settings suggests that the construction of public health prevention and control systems in prison may be overlooked. Cross infection during meal processing and distribution in the canteens of such settings is likely to be the cause of the outbreak. Given the potential neglect of public heath system construction in special settings, it is imperative to enhance the surveillance and monitoring of rotavirus and other intestinal multi-pathogens among adults, as well as the construction of public health prevention and control systems in these special settings.

Drugs under special management include narcotic drugs,psychotropic drugs,toxic drugs for medical use,radiopharmaceuticals,and pharmaceutical precursor chemicals.Supervising and guiding the clinical use of drugs under special management is one of the important responsibilities of the Pharmaceutical Management and Drug Therapy Committee(Group)of medical institutions.The standard for drugs under special management is led by the Pharmaceutical Professional Committee of the China Hospital Association,which standardizes 16 key elements of organizational management,process management,and quality control management drugs under special management in medical institutions.It can guide the standardized implementation of Pharmaceuticals under special control work in various levels and types of medical institutions.This article elaborates on the methods and contents of formulating standards for Pharmaceuticals under special management,to provide reference and inspiration for medical institutions to carry out special drug drug management and daily related work.

OBJECTIVE To provide evidence for the safe clinical application of Trastuzumab for injection. METHODS Reports of adverse drug reaction （ADR） related to Trastuzumab for injection submitted in Beijing from June 2018 to May 2023 were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 software. The gender and age of patients with ADRs， outcome， types of cancer， and the time of onset， severity， affected organs/systems of ADRs were included for analyses. The univariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted on patient fever and ADR prognosis. RESULTS A total of 195 patients with 318 instances of ADRs were included in the study. Women （87.69%） and patients aged 60-69 （33.85%） were more likely to experience ADRs. Breast cancer dominated （86.67%） in terms of cancer types； in terms of outcomes， most patients （67.69%） showed improvement， and some patients （27.69%） achieved full recovery. Overall， 68.72% of ADRs mainly occurred on the day of medication， and 95.38% of ADRs were of “moderate” severity. The most affected organs/systems were general diseases and various reactions at the administration site （40.57%）， with chills （18.87%） and fever （18.24%） being the most common. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fever mostly occurred within 1 day of medication （OR＝5.63， 95%CI was 2.26-14.02， P＜ 0.001）. The time of onset of ADR greater than 1 day was a risk factor for poor ADR prognosis （OR＝20.08， 95%CI was 2.45- 164.43， P＝0.005）， mainly manifesting as bone marrow suppression and liver function abnormalities. Neutrophilia， cardiorespiratory arrest， and mixed liver damage were new ADRs not recorded in the drug’s instructions. CONCLUSION Women and patients aged ≥60 are high-risk groups for ADRs of Trastuzumab for injection. Chills and fever remain the most common ADRs of this drug， and these symptoms mostly occur within 1 day of medication， which have better prognoses. Close attention should be paid to the patient’s temperature changes on the day of drug infusion， with timely intervention. Regular monitoring of the patient’s hematological indicators is necessary to detect any bone marrow suppression and liver function abnormalities after medication.

Sanming launched substantial healthcare system reform in 2012,deeply recognizing that healthcare service price reform is an important healthcare system reform.Combined with the actual situation,Sanming systematically pushes forward the reform of medical service prices,dynamic adjustment and linkage reform,and explores the way that conforms to its own development,and has achieved better results.It primarily discusses the approaches,development outcomes,experiences,and insights of Sanming's healthcare service price reform.

Sanming launched substantial healthcare system reform in 2012,deeply recognizing that healthcare service price reform is an important healthcare system reform.Combined with the actual situation,Sanming systematically pushes forward the reform of medical service prices,dynamic adjustment and linkage reform,and explores the way that conforms to its own development,and has achieved better results.It primarily discusses the approaches,development outcomes,experiences,and insights of Sanming's healthcare service price reform.

Sanming launched substantial healthcare system reform in 2012,deeply recognizing that healthcare service price reform is an important healthcare system reform.Combined with the actual situation,Sanming systematically pushes forward the reform of medical service prices,dynamic adjustment and linkage reform,and explores the way that conforms to its own development,and has achieved better results.It primarily discusses the approaches,development outcomes,experiences,and insights of Sanming's healthcare service price reform.

Sanming launched substantial healthcare system reform in 2012,deeply recognizing that healthcare service price reform is an important healthcare system reform.Combined with the actual situation,Sanming systematically pushes forward the reform of medical service prices,dynamic adjustment and linkage reform,and explores the way that conforms to its own development,and has achieved better results.It primarily discusses the approaches,development outcomes,experiences,and insights of Sanming's healthcare service price reform.

Sanming launched substantial healthcare system reform in 2012,deeply recognizing that healthcare service price reform is an important healthcare system reform.Combined with the actual situation,Sanming systematically pushes forward the reform of medical service prices,dynamic adjustment and linkage reform,and explores the way that conforms to its own development,and has achieved better results.It primarily discusses the approaches,development outcomes,experiences,and insights of Sanming's healthcare service price reform.

Sanming launched substantial healthcare system reform in 2012,deeply recognizing that healthcare service price reform is an important healthcare system reform.Combined with the actual situation,Sanming systematically pushes forward the reform of medical service prices,dynamic adjustment and linkage reform,and explores the way that conforms to its own development,and has achieved better results.It primarily discusses the approaches,development outcomes,experiences,and insights of Sanming's healthcare service price reform.

Sanming launched substantial healthcare system reform in 2012,deeply recognizing that healthcare service price reform is an important healthcare system reform.Combined with the actual situation,Sanming systematically pushes forward the reform of medical service prices,dynamic adjustment and linkage reform,and explores the way that conforms to its own development,and has achieved better results.It primarily discusses the approaches,development outcomes,experiences,and insights of Sanming's healthcare service price reform.