Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

To explore the inhibitory effect of ginkgolide B (GB) on MH7A human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and its potential mechanism. Firstly, 20 μg/L tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was pretreated with MH7A to establish a cell model of arthritis. After incubation of MH7A cells with various concentrations of GB, CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry (FCM) were separately used to detect cell viability, cell invasion, and cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle; Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assay were performed to detect the apoptosis- and cycle-related gene transcriptions and protein expressions, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, GB dose- and time-dependently suppressed cell viability to a greater extent; GB significantly reduced cell invasive ability and increased cell apoptosis rate and proportion of G0/G1 phase in MH7A cells, along with increased transcription levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and p21 mRNA and decreased transcription levels of Bcl-2, myeloid cell leukemia 1(Mcl-1), protein kinase B (PKB; AKT), IP3K, Cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) mRNA; GB remarkably increased expression levels of Bax, p21, and cleaved-Caspase 3 protein and decreased expression levels of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, p-AKT, p-PI3K, Cyclin D1, and CDK4 protein, with decreased ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and Bcl-2/Bax. In conclusion, GB blocks the G1-to-S cell cycle transition, suppresses cell viability and cell invasion and induces cell apoptosis of MH7A human RA-FLS via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the economic cost of self-monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus, and provide a basis for measuring the economic burden of gestational diabetes mellitus, and to provide a reference for the formulation of intervention development and the adjustment of resource allocation. Methods The individual economic cost of self-monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus was measured based on a decision tree model, and the total economic cost of self-monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus in Beijing was estimated. The uncertainty of the model parameters was analyzed using one-way sensitivity analysis. Results The average individual economic cost of gestational diabetes self-monitoring was 1184 RMB, and the individual cost incurred by choosing different types of blood glucose meters ranged from 403 to 18 000 RMB. The average individual economic cost of finger-stick blood glucose monitoring was 606 RMB and the average individual economic cost of continuous glucose monitoring was 2 374 RMB. The total economic cost of gestational diabetes self-monitoring in Beijing was 23.818 0 million RMB, and the total economic cost incurred by choosing different types of blood glucose meters ranged from 0.292 5 to 9.027 9 million RMB. The proportion of the finger-stick blood glucose monitoring had the greatest impact on the robustness of the results. Conclusion Finger-stick blood glucose monitoring is still the dominant self-monitoring method and is less costly than continuous glucose monitoring. Self-monitoring of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus incurs certain economic cost and causes an economic burden on society.

Objective: To analyze the influence of stress and psychological resilience on the dietary behavior of middle school students so as to privide a basis for the development of policies and interventions aimed at improving middle school students dietary behavior. Methods: A total of 8 874 middle school students in Shanghai were surveyed using stratified cluster random sampling method from November 2019 to January 2020. The questionnaire included general information, dietary behavior, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Factor analysis was used to analyze the dietary behavior model. Logistic regression model was used to explore the correlation between stress, psychological resilience and dietary behavior in adolescents. Besides, a structural equation model was established to analyze the mediating effect of psychological resilience on stress and dietary behavior. Results: The total score of psychological resilience among middle school students was (27.99±9.83), and the total score of stress was (25.56±7.06). Factor analysis categorized dietary behavior into two types: the high energy dietary behavior and balanced dietary behavior. High energy dietary behavior exhibited statistically significant differences across genders and schooling stage ( χ 2=41.37, 204.03), while balanced dietary behavior showed statistically significant differences across schooling stage and socioeconomic status ( χ 2=130.23, 96.53) (all P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with moderate and high stress levels had an increased risks of high energy dietary behavior ( OR=1.25, 95%CI =1.12-1.39; OR=1.58, 95% CI = 1.39-1.79) and a reduced likelihood of reduced balanced dietary behavior ( OR=0.73, 95%CI =0.65-0.81; OR=0.53, 95%CI =0.47-0.60); adolescents with high levels of psychological resilience had a decreased risk of highenergy dietary behavior ( OR= 0.73 , 95%CI =0.65-0.83), and those with moderate and high resilience levels showed improved balanced dietary behavior ( OR= 1.45 , 95%CI =1.29-1.62; OR=2.50, 95%CI =2.21-2.84) (all P <0.01). The mediating effect of psychological resilience between stress and high energy dietary behavior or balanced dietary behavior accounted for 15.61% and 56.10% of the total effects, respectively. Conclusions Stress and psychological resilience are the influencing factors of dietary behavior in middle school students. Psychological resilience have a partial mediating effect between stress and high energy dietary behavior or balanced dietary behavior.

Objective To evaluate cardiac involvement in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) using echocardiography combined with electrocardiography. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the detailed medical records of AAV patients treated in Jining First People’s Hospital between January 2020 and December 2024. Eighty patients were enrolled in the AAV group, and the risk of heart disease was compared between the AAV group and a control group with 80 subjects matched for age, sex, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Results Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in 78.75% of patients in the AAV group, while significant electrocardiographic abnormalities only occurred in symptomatic patients in the control group. There were no differences in left atrial enlargement or interventricular septal thickening between the AAV group and the control group. The overall left ventricular systolic function in the AAV group was lower than that in the control group (8.75% vs. 0). The incidence of reduced diastolic function in the AAV group was significantly higher than that in the control group (37.5% vs. 15%). The incidence rates of tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation, and pericardial effusion in the AAV group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Pericardial thickening, aortic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and rare periaortic granulomas were found in the AAV group, but not in the control group. Conclusion Echocardiography and electrocardiography are important examination methods for evaluating cardiac involvement in AAV. These methods have key roles in disease screening, diagnosis and treatment, follow-up, and prognosis judgment.

Objective: To explore the potential category patterns of risk prevention and control behaviors of HIV infection among young students who have sex with men (MSM) and their impact on HIV infection and late detection, aiming to optimize intervention strategies. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2024, a total of 1 637 MSM young students in Tianjin were recruited through both online and offline channels. Latent class analysis was applied to classify 11 HIV risk prevention and control behaviors [condom use during the most recent anal sex in the past 6 months, consistent condom use, use of water based lubricants, abstinence from recreational drugs, regular on site professional testing, fixed sexual partners, partner testing, awareness of partner s HIV testing results, testing before sexual activity, nucleic acid testing, and use of pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)]. Multivariate Logistic regression analyzed associations between demographic characteristics/intervention services factors and latent classes. Differences in HIV infection and late detection across behavior patterns were compared. Results: HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM students were classified into three latent classes:condom dependent group (38.42%), low prevention group (27.73%), and comprehensive prevention group (33.85%). Students who received condom promotion/testing services were more likely to belong to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =5.58), while those who received peer education were less likely to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =0.43) (both P <0.01). Among the MSM student population, the HIV infection rate was 4.83%, with 2.26% of cases detected late. The HIV infection rate (1.45%) and late detection proportion (0.82%) in the comprehensive prevention group were lower than those in the low prevention group (7.89% and 3.83%, respectively) ( χ 2=16.20, 7.31, both P <0.01). Conclusions HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM young students exhibit significant heterogeneity. Comprehensive prevention strategies can effectively reduce HIV infection and late detection risks. It is necessary to optimize peer education content and improve the accessibility of diversified prevention measures such as PrEP/PEP to enhance HIV prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Qili Qiangxin Capsule on the en-dothelial mesenchymal transition of myocardial cells in mice with heart failure after myocardial infarction.Methods A total of 21 male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into a normal control group,a drug control group(normal mice were treated with high-dose Qili Qiangxin Capsule),and a heart failure model group.The heart failure model group was divided into a positive drug control group[microRNA21(miR-21)inhibitor intervention],high,medium,and low dose Qili Qiangxin Capsule intervention groups,a total of seven groups.The heart failure model group underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,while the normal control group and the drug control group underwent the same surgical procedure as the model group,but left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was not performed.A small animal ultrasound ima-ging system was used to detect hemodynamic parameters in mice.HE staining was used to observe pathologi-cal changes in mouse myocardium.Sirius red staining was used to detect myocardial tissue fibrosis in mice.Wheat-germ agglutinin staining was used to evaluate the degree of myocardial cell enlargement.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the expression of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and cardiac troponin I(cTnⅠ)in mouse serum heart failure markers,as well as the expression levels of activator protein-1(AP-1)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)in mouse myocardial tissue.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression level of miR-21 in pe-ripheral blood of mice.Western blot was used to detect CD31 and VE-cadherin in mouse myocardial tissue,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of a-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA),iron death inhibitory protein 1(FSP1),bone morphogenetic protein 7(BMP7),TGF-β1,Smad2/3,and p-Smad2/3 pro-teins.Results Qili Qiangxin Capsule significantly improved heart function and myocardial tissue pathological damage in heart failure mice,reduced myocardial tissue fibrosis levels,alleviated compensatory hypertrophy of non infarcted myocardial cells,inhibited endothelial mesenchymal transition in myocardial tissue,decreased the expression of miR-21,TGFβ1,a-SMA,FSP1 and Smad2/3,and increased the expression of BMP7,VE-cadher-in,and CD31.Conclusion Qili Qiangxin Capsule may improve myocardial injury in mice with heart failure caused by myocardial infarction by regulating the expression of miR-21 and affecting the downstream TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective:This study aims to assess the effects of soy and whey protein on body composition and muscle function in hospitalized lung cancer patients with cancer-related sarcopenia.Methods:Paired comparison method was adopted for data collected before and after intervention. All enrolled non-small cell lung cancer patients with cancer-related sarcopenia were assigned to either the soy protein (30 g/d) or the whey protein (30 g/d) group to receive the 12-week intervention. Changes in muscle mass (MM) and muscle function before and after intervention were observed to assess intra-group and inter-group differences.Results:The study included 48 patients, 32 of whom completed the intervention and follow-up (16 from the whey protein group and 16 from the soy protein group). After 12 weeks of intervention with whey protein, significant increases were observed in trunk muscle mass (TMM, P=0.014) and TMM adjusted for height (TMM/Ht 2, P=0.011). After 12 weeks of intervention with soy protein, significant increases were noted in appendicular muscle mass (AMM, P=0.049), AMM adjusted for body mass index (AMM/BMI, P=0.044), fat free mass (FFM, P=0.041), and MM ( P=0.038). After adjustment using generalized estimating equations, only TMM/Ht 2 ( P=0.049) showed a significant increase in the whey protein group, while TMM ( P=0.040) and TMM/Ht 2 ( P=0.005) significantly increased in the soy protein group. Despite that all MM-related indices increased in both groups, there were no significant inter-group differences after adjusted by covariate analysis. Conclusions:Interventions with soy protein and whey protein can help maintain and improve muscle mass and muscle function in patients with lung cancer-related sarcopenia. Soy protein and whey protein may have comparable benefits in patients with lung cancer-related sarcopenia.

Objective:To understand the current clinical practice status of evidence on blood glucose management in ICU patients with insulin intravenous infusion, analyze barriers and formulate action strategies, so as to provide reference for the translation of evidence into clinical practice.Methods:Based on the clinical evidence application model of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Health Care Center, clinical nursing problems were identified, literature search, evaluating and summarizing evidence were carried out, and review indicators and methods were developed. From July to August 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 42 nurses and 80 patients with insulin intravenous infusion from the comprehensive ICU of Wuxi Second People's Hospital as participants for baseline review. Barriers were analyzed and change strategies were developed based on baseline review results.Results:A total of 16 pieces of evidence were introduced regarding blood glucose management in ICU patients with insulin intravenous infusion. Nineteen review indicators were formulated, of which 13 had a compliance rate of less than 60%. Analysis identified 18 barriers and 13 facilitators. Sixteen change strategies were developed based on barriers and facilitators.Conclusions:There is still a significant gap between the evidence of ICU insulin intravenous infusion blood glucose management and clinical practice. Evidence-based practice programs should be constructed based on intervention strategies to effectively promote the application of evidence in clinical practice.