ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Tianma Goutengyin on the tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）/α1-antichymotrypsin C-terminal tail fragment （α1ACT） signaling pathway and A1-type astrocytes in a rat model of vascular dementia. MethodsSeventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups （n=12 per group）： Sham-operated group， model group， Tianma Goutengyin high-， medium-， and low-dose groups （5.13， 10.26， and 20.52 g·kg^-1）， and a nimodipine group （8.1 mg·kg^-1）. The vascular dementia model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion， followed by 4 weeks of intervention. Learning and memory ability were evaluated using the novel object recognition test， and behavioral performance was assessed using the forced swimming test. Levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （CCL2） in hippocampal tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Hippocampal neuronal morphology was observed by Nissl staining， and apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL）. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect positive expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， and myelin basic protein （MBP）. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein expression levels of TNF-α， TNF receptor 1 （TNFR1）， phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3）， α1ACT， IL-6， complement component 3 （C3）， BDNF， S100 calcium-binding protein A10 （S100A10）， and GFAP in hippocampal tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group， the model group showed a significantly reduced relative recognition index in the novel object recognition test （P<0.01）， prolonged immobility time and increased immobility frequency in the forced swimming test （P<0.01）. Hippocampal IL-6 and CCL2 levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Nissl staining revealed a marked reduction in neuronal number and loss of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. MBP-positive expression was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， apoptosis was significantly increased （P<0.01）， BDNF-positive expression was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and GFAP-positive expression was significantly increased （P<0.01）. In addition， the protein expression levels of TNF-α， TNFR1， p-STAT3， α1ACT， IL-6， and C3 were significantly elevated （P<0.01）， while BDNF and S100A10 expression levels were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all Tianma Gouteng yin dose groups exhibited a significant increase in the relative recognition index （P<0.05）， shortened immobility time and reduced immobility frequency （P<0.05， P<0.01）. IL-6 and CCL2 levels were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， neuronal number was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MBP-positive expression was significantly enhanced （P<0.01）. Apoptosis was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， BDNF-positive expression was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and GFAP-positive expression was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Moreover， the protein expression levels of TNF-α， TNFR1， p-STAT3， α1ACT， IL-6， and C3 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while BDNF and S100A10 protein expression levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionTianma Goutengyin may inhibit A1-type astrocyte activation in rats with vascular dementia through the TNF-α/STAT3/α1ACT signaling pathway， thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis and improving learning and memory function.

BackgroundMigrant children face many challenges in the process of social change and adaptation to a new environment， especially in school adaptation. Studies have shown that peer attachment plays a vital role in the social adaptation of children and adolescents， while psychological resilience and sense of security， as important psychological resources， also play a moderating and mediating role in individuals' coping with environmental changes. However， there is a lack of systematic research on how peer attachment affects the school adaptation of migrant children through psychological resilience and whether this process is moderated by sense of security. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between peer attachment and school adaptation of migrant children and to examine the path of psychological resilience and sense of security in it， so as to provide references for improving the school adaptation of migrant children. MethodsUsing cluster sampling method， 695 migrant children in grades 4 to 6 of a primary school in an urban-rural fringe area of Sichuan Province were selected from April 1 to 30， 2022. Assessments were conducted using Revised Inventory for Parent and Peer Attachment （IPPA-R）， Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents （RSCA）， Scale of Sense of Security of Children Left Behind （SSSCLB） and Scale of School Adjustment of Student （SSAS）. Process 4.1 was used to examine the role of psychological resilience and sense of security. ResultsA total of 631 （90.79%） valid questionnaires were gathered. There were significant positive correlations among IPPA-R peer attachment subscale score， RSCA score， SSSCLB score and SSAS score （r=0.160~0.600， P<0.01）. Peer attachment had a significant positive predictive effect on the school adaptation （β=0.178， P<0.01） and psychological resilience （β=0.518， P<0.01） of migrant children. Psychological resilience had positive predictive effect on the school adaptation （β=0.467， P<0.01）. Psychological resilience played a partial mediating role in the relationship between peer attachment and school adaptation， with the mediating effect value was 0.242 （95% CI： 0.184~0.302）， accounting for 57.62% of the total effect. Moreover， the interaction term between psychological resilience and sense of security had a significant predictive effect on school adaptation （β=0.103， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe psychological resilience of migrant children plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between peer attachment and school adaptation， and the status of sense of security can moderate the relationship between psychological resilience and school adaptation of migrant children.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Xuebijing injection against blood-brain barrier(BBB)damage in the mice with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis,and to elucidate its regulatory effect on the imbalance of helper T cells 17(Th17)/regulatory T cells(Treg).Methods:The active immunization models of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the mice were established using glutamate receptor N1 subunit(GluN1)356-385 antigen peptide,and the serum anti-NMDAR immunoglobulin G(IgG)antibody levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The healthy mice without modeling were served as control group,and the mice with successful modeling were randomly divided into model group,low dose of Xuebijing injection(XBJ-L)group,and high dose of Xuebijing injection(XBJ-H)group,with 10 mice in each group.After modeling,the mice in XBJ-L and XBJ-H groups were intraperitoneally injected with 5 and 10 mL·kg-1 Xuebijing injection,respectively.The Longa score was used to assess the neurological impairment of the mice in various groups;evans blue(EB)staining was used to determine the BBB permeability;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of zonula occludens 1(ZO-1)and Occludin in cerebral cortex of the mice in various groups;Western blotting method was used to determine the expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin,Claudin-5,and neuron-specific nuclear protein(NeuN)in cerebral cortex of the mice in various groups;ELISA method was used to determine the levels of Th17-and Treg-related cytokines including interleukin(IL)-17,IL-22,and IL-10 in serum of the mice;flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood of the mice in various groups,and the Th17/Treg ratio was calculated.Results:The serum of the mice induced with the GluN1 356-385 antigen peptide was positive for NMDAR IgG antibodies,indicating that the models were successfully established.Compared with control group,the neurological impairment score of the mice in model group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the EB level in brain tissue was significantly increased(P＜0.05);the fluorescence staining intensities of ZO-1 and Occludin in the cerebral cortex were decreased,and the expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin,Claudin-5,and NeuN proteins in the cerebral cortex were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the IL-10 level was significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the percentage of Th17 cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the percentage of Treg cells was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the Th17/Treg ratio was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with model group,the neurological impairment scores of the mice in XBJ-L and XBJ-H groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the EB levels in brain tissue were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the fluorescence staining intensities of ZO-1 and Occludin in cerebral cortex were increased,and the expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin,Claudin-5,and NeuN proteins were significantly increased(P＜0.05);the levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in serum were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the level of IL-10 was significantly increased(P＜0.05);the percentages of Th17 cells in peripheral blood were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the percentages of Treg cells were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the Th17/Treg ratios were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with XBJ-L group,the neurological function injury score of the mice in XBJ-H group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the EB level in brain tissue was significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the fluorescence staining intensities of ZO-1 and Occludin in the cerebral cortex were increased,and the expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin,Claudin-5,and NeuN proteins were significantly increased(P＜0.05);the serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the level of IL-10 was significantly increased(P＜0.05);the percentage of Th17 cells in peripheral blood was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the percentage of Treg cells was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the Th17/Treg ratio was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Xuebijing injection can improve BBB injury,regulate Th17/Treg balance,and thereby alleviate the neurological functional damage in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Objective To establish the reference intervals of serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin(β-HCG)in adult non-pregnant women in Shanghai,and to explore its relationship with age.Methods A total of 854 non-pregnant women in the hospital from March 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the research ob-jects,and 800 women who met the criteria were finally included.All serum β-HCG levels were detected by magnetic particle enzyme immunoassay.The results of serum β-HCG in different age groups were statistically analyzed,and the reference intervals of each age group was calculated by one-sided 95%reference interval method.Results The distribution of serum β-HCG in non-pregnant women was not normal.Spearman corre-lation analysis showed that the median level of β-HCG was correlated with age(correlation coefficient was 0.859,P<0.05).The reference intervals established by percentile method were 0.00-3.03 mIU/mL 18-<41 years old.41-55 years old 0.00-4.61 mIU/mL,>55 years old 0.00-6.80 mIU/mL,respectively,the difference of serum β-HCG level between different age groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Accord-ing to the literature review,the reference intervals of serum β-HCG in different laboratories were different.In this study,the appropriate reference intervals were established and verified according to the actual situation.Conclusion The reference intervals of serum β-HCG in adult non-pregnant women should be established ac-cording to their age,so as to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

With the rapid development of population aging in various countries around the world,the health and elderly care industry has been paid high attention.The standardization of smart health and elderly care technology and services is particularly important.This paper firstly reviewed the policies related to healthy elderly care in China.By analyzing the industrial standards and provincial standards issued,this paper focused on the policies proposed by the Shanghai Municipal Government for the standardization of smart health and elderly care,as well as the researches on the standard system and the construction of standard families.Shanghai group standards in the field of smart health and elderly care were summarized,including the guidelines for the construction of standard systems,elderly care service platforms,community elderly cafeterias,portable health monitoring terminals,indoor sports services,and home-based elderly care safety monitoring.A series of case analyses of the standardized implementation of the above aspects were also provided.Through standardization research and practice in recent years,it has been fully demonstrated that the standard research plays an important leading role in the field of smart health and elderly care.

Objective To explore the impact of enteral nutrition formula containing slow-release starch on blood glucose variability and prognosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods A total of 204 SAP patients were enrolled and randomly divided into control group and ob-servation group using a random number table method,with 102 patients in each group.The control group received early enteral nutrition support with a standard enteral nutrition formula,while the ob-servation group received early enteral nutrition support with an enteral nutrition formula containing slow-release starch.Blood glucose variability indicators[largest amplitude of glycemic excursions(LAGE),standard deviation of blood glucose(SDBG),blood glucose coefficient of variation(BGCV),mean blood glucose(MBG),mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),and time in range(TIR)]were compared between the two groups after treatment,along with clinical indicators during hospitalization,inflammatory markers[procalcitonin,C-reactive protein,interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)],and nutritional indicators(albumin,prealbumin)levels.Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to assess the prognosis of the two groups,and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing prognosis.Results After treat-ment,the observation group exhibited lower levels of MBG,LAGE,SDBG,BGCV,MAGE,and a higher TIR compared with the control group(P＜0.05).During hospitalization,the observation group had a shorter duration of enteral nutritiontherapy,lower insulin usage,and lower incidence rates of multiple organ failure and infectious pancreatic necrosis compared with the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,the observation group had lower levels of procalcitonin,C-reactive protein,IL-6,and TNF-α compared with the control group(P＜0.05);however,there were no statistically significant differences in albumin and prealbumin levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative mortality rate in the observation group was 12.75％,which was lower than the 17.65％in the control group(Log-rank x2=4.361,P=0.037).Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that TIR after treatment(HR=0.920;95％CI,0.869 to 0.974)was an independent protective factor for prognosis in SAPpatients(P＜0.05),while infectious pancreatic necrosis(HR=4.269;95％CI,1.922 to 9.482)was an inde-pendent risk factor for prognosis in SAP patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion Enteral nutrition formu-la containing slow-release starch helps stabilize blood glucose variability,control inflammatory mark-er levels,improve nutritional status,and prognosis in SAP patients.Both TIR and infectious pancre-atic necrosis are closely related to the prognosis of SAP patients.

Objective To investigate relationship between the level of support needs and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among fathers of preterm infants in neonatal intensivecare unit(NICU).Methods A total of 209 fathers of preterm infants admitted to NICU were selected as survey subjects.The basic information questionnaire for preterm infants,the basic information questionnaire for fathers,the NICU Newborn Father Support Scale,and the civilian version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist were used to survey their conditions.Results The score of support needs among fathers of preterm infants was(88.69±11.04).Gestational age,cesarean section,length of stay in the NICU,father's educational level,monthly per-capita family income,and spouse's health status were all significant influencing factors of father's support needs(P＜0.05).The score of PTSD among fathers of preterm infants was(32.27±5.96).Gestational age,birth weight,birth way,fa-ther's age,whether the father had received prenatal health education,and support needs were all in-fluencing factors of PTSD occurrence among fathers of preterm infants(P＜0.05).There was a sig-nificant negative correlation between father's support needs and PTSD.Conclusion The level of support needs among fathers of preterm infants in the NICU is negatively correlated with PTSD.Medi-cal staff should pay attention to the level of support needs among fathers of preterm infants to reduce the occurrence of their PTSD.

Objective:To explore the effect of timely induction intervention on postpartum urination in primipara during vaginal delivery, so as to provide the evidence for preventing the occurrence of postpartum urinary retention and relieving the pain of primipara.Methods:This study adopted a randomized controlled trial design, and selected 400 cases of primipara who were hospitalized for vaginal delivery in the Obstetric Department of Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group Sports New Town Hospital from June 2021 to September 2022 as the study objects by convenience sampling method. They were divided into the intervention group and the control group with 200 cases each by random number table method, and the control group received routine postpartum care. Instruct active urination within 6 hours after delivery. The intervention received timely induction urination intervention. The general condition and bladder urine volume of the women in the intervention group were evaluated at 2, 4, 6 h after delivery, respectively, and personalized guidance was implemented, including the frequency of massage of the bottom of the uterus, the control of water intake, the selection of methods and timing of inducing urination, etc., and routine postpartum care was given when the women completed their first urination and had no complaints of discomfort. The first urination time, first urination volume, first bladder irritation during the first urination and the incidence of postpartum urinary retention in different periods were compared between the two groups.Results:The patients in the control group were (29.60 ± 3.20) years old, while the patients in the intervention group were (28.81 ± 3.42) years old. The first urination time in the intervention group was (6.89 ± 2.18) h, which was shorter than that in the control group (9.11 ± 3.86) h, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.49, P<0.01). The first urination volume in the intervention group was (322.36 ± 120.15) ml, which was higher than that in the control group (262.93 ± 105.68) ml, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.39, P<0.05). The incidence of the first bladder irritation in the intervention group was 22.0%(44/200), which was lower than that in the control group 33.5%(67/200), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.60, P<0.05). The incidence of postpartum urinary retention within 24 h in the intervention group was 5.5%(11/200), which was lower than that in the control group 11.5%(23/200), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.63, P<0.05). The incidence of postpartum urinary retention within 1 week in the intervention group was 9.5%(19/200), which was lower than that in the control group 16.5%(33/200), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.33, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postpartum urinary retention within 24 to 72 h between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Timely induction intervention can reduce the incidence of postpartum urinary retention, shorten the time of first urination, increase the volume of first urination and improve the comfort of first urination, which is worthy of clinical application.

[Abstract] [Objective] To investigate the distribution characteristics and susceptibility of ABO and Rh blood group antigens in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Xinjiang, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. [Methods] The clinical information of hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from different ethnic groups (n=32 508, infection group) and healthy people (n=15 442, control group) in the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2014 to 2020 was collected, and the frequency distribution of ABO and Rh blood group antigens in the two groups was analyzed retrospectively. [Results] 1) The constituent ratios of pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence in Uygur, Han, HaKazak and Hui people were 51.11%, 33.66%, 9.09% and 6.13% respectively, with significant difference (P<0.001). The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in females (52.65%) was higher than in males (47.35%) (P<0.05). 2) The frequency of type B antigen was highest at 30.10%, and the frequency of type AB antigen was the lowest at 10.09% in pulmonary tuberculosis group; The distribution of blood types was B type>O type>A type>AB type. In the control group, the distribution of blood types was O type>A type>B type>AB type. The frequency of type B in Uighur, type O in Kazak, type A in Hui and Han nationalities in the infection group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.001); 3) The distribution of blood type among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in different ethnic groups was Uygur B>A>O>AB, Kazak O>B>A>AB, Hui A>O=B>AB, Han A>B>O>AB, with significant difference between different ethnic groups (P<0.001). 4) The total positive rate of RhD blood group among pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 97.26%, while the negative rate was 2.74%. Among them, the Uyghur ethnicity has the highest frequency at 4.44%, followed by Kazakh at 2.13%, Hui at 1.26%, Han at 0.58%, with significant differences(P<0.05). [Conclusion] The proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence among Uygur, Han, HaKazak and Hui people were 51.11%, 33.66%, 9.09% and 6.13%, respectively. The distribution frequency of blood type was B>O>A>AB. Moreover, higher frequencies of tuberculosis in Uygur with type B, Kazak with type O, Hui with type A and Han with type A suggest that these blood types may be susceptible risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis, which provides new insights for the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disease that can lead to the damage of multiple tissues and organs throughout the body.Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that acts as an indirect cytoplasmic DNA sensor.The activation of the STING signaling pathway may be involved in T2DM and its microvascular complications through various mechanisms.This article reviews the research progress in the mechanism of STING in T2DM and its microvascular complications.