Objective:To explore the effect of small-incision liposuction combined with subcutaneous adipose glandular tissue excision at the areolar margin for the treatment of fatty gynecomastia.Methods:From January 2018 to October 2022, 179 patients with gynecomastia were admitted to the Breast, Thyroid, and Plastic Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University and the Breast Surgery Department of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, who underwent small incision liposuction combined with subcutaneous fat and gland tissue resection at the areolar edge, with ages ranging from 18 to 56 (35.0±8.1) years. The patients were followed up at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery to evaluate the treatment effect, patient satisfaction and complications.Results:The surgical time of 179 patients ranged from 26 minutes to 130 minutes, and intraoperative bleeding ranged from 10 ml to 50 ml. All patients underwent successful surgery and were discharged within 2-5 days. Postoperative subcutaneous haematoma was found in 3 patients (1.68%), nipple areola numbness in 32 patients (17.88%), subcutaneous effusion in 5 patients (2.79%) and epidermal blisters in 7 patients (3.91%). After 6 months of follow-up, 149 patients (91.41%) were satisfied.Conclusions:The treatment of gynecomastia by liposuction combined with subcutaneous adipose and glandular tissue excision through a small incision at the edge of the areola is aesthetically pleasing and less traumatic, with fewer complications; it is safe and worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of keratin 15(KRT15)and keratin 18(KRT18)proteins in colorectal cancer tissue and their clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods A total of 97 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgical treatment in a hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected as the study objects.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the ex-pression of KRT15 and KRT18 protein in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues,and the differences of KRT15 and KRT18 protein expression in colorectal cancer patients with different clinicopathological features were compared.The patients with colorectal cancer were followed up for 3 years after discharge,and their o-verall survival(OS)during the follow-up period was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test were used to analyze the difference in OS rate among colorectal cancer patients with different KRT15 and KRT18 protein expression.Univariate and multivariate COX proportional regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.Results The positive expres-sion rates of KRT15 and KRT18 protein in colorectal cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tis-sues,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The positive expression rates of KRT15 and KRT18 protein in colorectal cancer tissues of patients with low differentiation,TNM Ⅲ stage,perineural inva-sion and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level ≥5 ng/mL were higher than those of patients with medium-high differentiation,TNM Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage,without perineural invasion and preoperative CEA level＜5 ng/mL,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The 3-year OS rates of colorectal cancer patients with positive expression of KRT15 and KRT18 protein were 64.29％and 60.00％respectively,which were lower than those of patients with negative expression of KRT15 and KRT18 protein(83.64％and 85.96％respec-tively),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=6.497,7.987,P＜0.05).Multivariate COX pro-portional regression analysis showed that TNM stage Ⅲ,positive expression of KRT15 protein and positive expression of KRT18 protein were risk factors affecting the survival of patients with colorectal cancer(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of KRT15 and KRT18 protein in colorectal cancer tissues can provide ref-erence for prognosis assessment of patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of different anti-platelet regimens in the treatment of high-risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events (HR-NICE) guided by point-of-care testing of CYP2C19 gene. Methods:A single-centre, prospective, randomised, open-label, and blinded endpoint design was uesd in the study. From July 2020 to January 2022, HR-NICE patients were enrolled in the Stroke Green Channel and Department of Neurology of Xuzhou Central Hospital, and all patients were scraped the buccal mucosa for screening for CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele carriers by point-of-care testing . Patients with intermediate metabolism were defined as those who carried 1 loss-of-function allele and patients with poor metabolism were those who carried 2 loss-of-function alleles. This study reduced the test turnaround time to 1 hour by using a fully automated medical polymerase chain reaction analyzer for a point-of-care test of CYP2C19 genotype. CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele carriers were divided according to the random number table method into the conventional treatment group (clopidogrel 75 mg, once a day), the ticagrelor group (ticagrelor 90 mg, twice a day) and the intensive dose group (clopidogrel 150 mg, once a day) separately combined with aspirin (100 mg, once a day) dual antiplatelet for 21 days. Baseline information, Acute Stroke Org 10172 Treatment Trial staging, 90-day modified Rankin Scale score, occurrence of adverse events and severe adverse events were collected for all the 3 groups. The primary efficacy outcome was new stroke within 90 days, and the primary safety outcome was severe or moderate bleeding within 90 days. Results:A total of 716 patients were included: 240 in the conventional treatment group, 240 in the ticagrelor group and 236 in the intensive dose group. There was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups at baseline (all P>0.05). There were 26 cases (10.8%) with new stroke events in the conventional treatment group, 11 cases (4.6%) in the ticagrelor group and 4 cases (1.7%) in the intensive dose group, with statistically significant differences among the 3 groups (χ 2=19.28, P<0.05), and the differences between the conventional treatment group and the ticagrelor group (χ 2=6.59, P=0.010) and between the conventional treatment group and the intensive dose group (χ 2=16.83, P<0.001) were statistically significant, whereas the difference between the ticagrelor group and the intensive dose group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). In the 3 groups, there was 1 case (0.4%) of severe bleeding in the conventional treatment group, 6 cases (2.5%) in the ticagrelor group and none in the intensive dose group, which showed statistically significant differences (χ 2=7.23, P<0.05), and there was statistically significant difference between the ticagrelor group and the intensive dose group ( P=0.030). Among the patients with intermediate CYP2C19 metabolism, there were 13 cases (13/158, 8.2%) with 90-day recurrent stroke in the conventional treatment group, 4 cases (4/153, 2.6%) in the ticagrelor group, and 0 case (0/159) in the intensive dose group, with statistically significant difference (χ 2=16.04, P<0.001), and the differences between the intensive dose group and the conventional treatment group were statistically significant (χ 2=13.64, P<0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the intensive dose group and the ticagrelor group ( P>0.05). In the patients with 90-day recurrent stroke in the intensive dose group, there was 0 case (0/159) with intermediate metabolism and 4 cases (4/77,5.2%) with poor metabolism, with statistically significant differences ( P=0.011), whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the conventional treatment group and the ticagrelor group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Screening carriers of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles by point-of-care testing can quickly and precisely guide the treatment of patients with non-cardiogenic HR-NICE. An intensive clopidogrel dose of 150 mg, once a day combined with aspirin was effective in reducing stroke recurrence with less occurrence of any bleeding and adverse events, and patients with intermediate CYP2C19 metabolism may be the best population to benefit.

The onset of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is usually occult, and early symptoms are not obvious. Most patients are at advanced stages of disease at diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. Paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) refers to the clinical manifestations indirectly caused by tumor metabolites or abnormal immune reactions that cannot be explained by the primary lesion, local tumor spread or distant metastasis. Hypercholesterolemia, hypercalcemia and hypoglycemia are the most commonly seen clinical presentations of PNS in PHC patients. Adequate understanding of PNS is of great importance in early diagnosis and treatment of PHC. In this review, we summarized the clinical manifestations and prognostic mechanisms of PNS in patients with PHC.

Objective:To explore the resistance of common clinical isolates to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and the clinical characteristics of patients with the infections.Methods:A total of 1 000 isolates from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in 2018 (from January to May) were collected, which included 200 strains each of Escherichia coli ( E. coli), Acinetobacter baumanii ( A. baumanii), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus), and Enterococcus spp.. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHG against 1 000 isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. The correlation between the resistance of isolates and clinical characteristics of infected patients was analyzed. Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test were used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 57 CHG resistant strains were detected in 1 000 clinical isolates. These CHG-resistant strains were mainly isolated from sputum and intensive care unit ward, accounting for 49.1%(28/57)and 38.6%(22/57), respectively. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa, A. baumanii, Enterococcus spp., S. aureus, and E. coli to CHG were 16.0%(32/200), 7.0%(14/200), 3.0%(6/200), 1.5%(3/200) and 1.0%(2/200), respectively. The CHG-resistant rates of P. aeruginosa to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gentamicin were 53.1%(17/32), 78.1%(25/32), 65.6%(21/32) and 50.0%(16/32), respectively, which were all higher than those of CHG-sensitive P. aeruginosa (25.0%(8/32), 25.0%(8/32), 21.9%(7/32) and 15.6%(5/32), respectively), with statistical significance ( χ2=5.317, 18.080, 12.444 and 8.576, respectively, all P<0.05). The hospital mortality was 22.8%(13/57) in patients infected with CHG-resistant bacteria, which was higher than that in patients infected with CHG-sensitive bacteria ((7.0%(4/57); Fisher exact probability test, P=0.018)). CHG-resistant group had a higher history of CHG exposure and antimicrobial treatment (61.4%(35/57) and 70.2%(40/57), respectively), which were both higher than those with CHG-susceptible isolates (17.5%(10/57) and 47.4%(27/57), respectively), the differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=22.947 and 6.118, respectively, both P<0.05). In addition, the multi-drug resistance rate of CHG-resistant strains was 54.4%(31/57), which was higher than that of CHG-susceptible strains (35.1%(20/57)), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.293, P=0.039). Conclusions:CHG resistant strains have higher antimicrobial resistance. Hospital mortality in patients infected with CHG-resistant bacteria is higher than patients infected with CHG-sensitive bacteria. The important risk factors are CHG exposure and antimicrobial therapy.

Objective To elaborate the changes of the soluble B cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) in the peripheral blood of chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients ,and to study the correlation between the soluble BAFF in HIV-infected patients and the progressions of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods Fifty untreated HIV outpatients and 30 healthy controls were recruited .According to the counts of CD4+T lymphocytes ,HIV-infected patients were divided into three groups ,＜ 200 cells／μL group , (200 － 350 ) cells／μL group and ＞350 cells／μL group .B cell counts and the BAFF levels were compared among the three groups and the healthy controls .The correlation analysis was conducted for the levels of BAFF ,the counts of CD4+T lymphocytes and B cells ,and viral load in HIV-infected patients .The value of BAFF in staging of HIV disease was identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The B cell counts were (90.3 ± 43.1)cells／μL in ＜200 cells／μL group ,(114 .4 ± 28 .8) cells／μL in (200 －350) cells／μL group ,and (162 .1 ± 29 .5) cells／μL in ＞350 cells／μL group and (307.1 ± 97 .0) cells／μL in healthy controls ,which was significantly different among the four groups (F＝47.92 ,P＜0.05).The concentrations of BAFF in the four groups were (1 737.5 ± 719.7) ,(962.8 ± 341.1) ,(859.8 ± 270.4) ,and (456.9 ± 163.7) ng／L ,with significant difference among the groups (F＝36.72 ,P＜0.05).The level of BAFF was negatively correlated with both B cell counts and CD4+T lymphocyte counts (r＝ －0.722 and －0.568 ,respectively ;both P＜0.05) ,and positively correlated with viral load (r＝0.607 ,P＜0 .05).The area under the ROC curve was 0 .881.If the level of BAFF was 1 281.5 ng／L ,the sensitivity and specificity to predict the period of AIDS were 74 .1% and 87.0%,respectively .Conclusion The levels of soluble BAFF in HIV-infected patients are significantly increased and related with the reduction of B cell counts and disease progression.

Objective: To determine the clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from respiratory specimens. Methods: Clinical data of patients with NTM strains isolated from the respiratory tract between January 2014 and February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical significance of NTM isolated strains was evaluated based on diagnostic criteria of NTM pulmonary diseases from American Thoracic Society (ATS). Quantitative data of two groups were analyzed by independent t test. Categorical data were analyzed by Pearson χ² test or Fisher exact test. Results: Totally 352 NTM strains from 257 patients had been isolated between January 2014 and February 2017. Among 15 identified NTM species, M. intracellular (51.7%, 182/352), M. abscessus (25.6%, 90/352), and M. avium (10.8%, 38/352) were predominant. Of the 157 patients with full clinical data involved in the analysis, 58 (36.9%) patients were determined to have definite disease, and 34 patients (21.7%) were designated as probable disease candidates, and 16 (10.2%) patients were regarded as uncertain disease, and 49(31.2%) patients were diagnosed as unlikely disease. The age of 58 patients with definite disease was (63.9±12.7) years, and 48.3% (28/58) were female. M. intracellulare (55.2%, 32/58) was the main cause of pulmonary NTM disease, followed by M. abscessus (25.9%, 15/58) and M. avium (12.1%, 7/58), while other NTM species only accounted for 6.8% (4/58). Definite cases with M. intracellulare, M. abscessus, M. avium, M. kansasii, M. marseillense, and M. columbia accounted for 35.2% (32/91), 57.7% (15/26), 7/15, 2/3, 1/3 and 1/2, respectively, among patients with corresponding isolations, while patients with other species of isolation did not meet the diagnostic criteria. Patients with clinical significant isolation of NTM were older than those without clinical significance (χ²=3.603, P=0.000), and proportion of anti-acid staining positivity of patients with clinical significance was higher than that of patients without clinical significance (χ²=18.815, P=0.000). The proportion of M. abscessus in patients with clinical significance was higher than that in patients without clinical significance (χ²=6.313, P=0.012). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the isolation of M. Gordon (Fisher exact test, P=0.028). The proportion of M. abscessus lung disease in women was 11/15, which was higher than that of M. intracellulare lung disease (41.5%, 17/41), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=4.462, P=0.035). There was no significant difference of clinical symptoms and underlying diseases in NTM lung disease among different groups (all P>0.05). In these patients with definite disease, 39.7% (23/58) of them manifested the upper lobe cavitary form, 53.4% (31/58) exhibited nodular bronchiectatic form, and only 6.9% (4/58) exhibited unclassified form. The upper lobe cavitary form (43.8%, 14/32) and the nodular bronchiectatic form (53.1%, 17/32) dominated in patients with M. intracellulare lung disease. M. abscessus lung disease was dominated by the nodular bronchiectatic form (11/15) while the upper lobe cavitary form only accounts for 3/15. There was no significant difference of image characteristics between NTM lung disease and other different groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions 36.9% of the patients with NTM isolates met the ATS diagnostic criteria for NTM lung disease. Different species have different clinical significance. M. intracellulare and M. abscessus are the most predominant NTM isolated species that cause NTM lung disease. Majority of patients manifest as the upper lobe cavitary form, followed by the nodular bronchiectatic form.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacies of free endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) in primary duct closure (PDC) following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for choledocholithiasis.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinical data of 312 patients with extrahepatic bile duct stones accompanied with or without cholecystolithiasis who were admitted to the 11 medical centers [86 in the Affiliated Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,62 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,44 in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University,29 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,27 in the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),25 in the Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,17 in the Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University,10 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University,5 in the Henan Provincial People's Hospital,4 in the Beijing Tian Tan Hospital of Capital Medical University,3 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University] from January 2011 to June 2017 were collected.All patients underwent LCBDE+PDC,and 81 and 231 patients with and without ENBD were respectively allocated into the ENBD group and PDC group.Observation indicators:(1) comparisons of operation situations;(2) comparisons of postoperative recovery;(3) comparisons of postoperative complications;(4) follow-up situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the postoperative complications up to June 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s.Comparison between groups was analyzed by the t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented M [interquartile range (IQR)],and comparison between groups was analyzed by the nonparametic test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Fisher exact probability.Results (1) Comparisons of operation situations:all the 312 patients underwent successful laparoscopic LCBDE + PDC,without conversion to open surgery,including postoperative death of 1 patient in the PDC group.The common bile duct diameter,cases using interrupted sutures,continuous sutures,absorbable threads and nonabsorbable threads were respectively (1.2±0.4)cm,106,125,195,36 in the PDC group and (1.1±0.5)cm,76,5,79,2 in the ENBD group,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =2.497,x2 =56.706,8.457,P＜0.05).The numbers of stones,stone diameter,cases with common bile duct wall (≤ 3 mm and ＞3 mm),normal and abnormal Oddi sphincter contraction function,volume of intraoperative blood loss and operation time were respectively 2.1±1.7,(1.1-±0.6)cm,148,83,226,5,20 mL (10-45 mL),(116± 49)minutes in the PDC group and 1.9±1.6,(1.0±0.6)cm,49,32,75,6,20 mL (15-30 mL),(113± 23)minutes in the ENBD group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (t =1.021,0.329,x2 =0.329,3.428,Z=1.147,t=0.521,P＞0.05).The further analysis:of 312 patients,cases and time using interrupted sutures and continuous sutures were respectively 182,130 and (133±.49) minutes,(103±34) minutes,with a statistically significant difference between groups (t =-6.605,P＜0.05).The volume of intraoperative blood loss and cases with postoperative complications using interrupted sutures and continuous sutures were respectively 20 mL (15-31 mL),21 and 20 mL (10-45 mL),18,with no statistically significant difference between groups (Z =-0.285,x2 =0.369,P＞ 0.05).Of 312 patients,cases,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications using absorbable threads and non-absorbable threads were respectively 274,(116±44)minutes,20 mL (15-40 mL),33 and 38,(115±35) minutes,18 mL (10-26 mL),6,with no statistically significant difference between groups (Z =0.971,t =0.023,x2 =0.154,P＞ 0.05).(2) Comparisons of postoperative recovery:recovery time of gastrointestinal function,time of abdominal drainage-tube removal,using time of antibiotics and duration of hospital stay were respectively (2.0± 1.5) days,(4.0 ± 2.4) days,(4.0±2.8) days,(5.5±3.0) days in the PDC group and (4.0±1.9) days,(6.9±3.5) days,(10.0± 3.9) days,(11.1±3.7)days in the ENBD group,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =-9.507,-8.258,-15.103,-13.575,P＜0.05).The total expenses of hospital stay in the Affiliated Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology were respectively (5.1 ±0.6)× 104 yuan in the PDC group and (6.5-±0.5)× 104 yuan in the ENBD group,with a statistically significant difference between groups (t =-9.516,P＜0.05).(3) Comparisons of postoperative complications:incidence of complications in the PDC group was 14.29％ (33/231),including 16 with biliary fistula,11 with biliary tract infection,3 with wound infection,1 with biliary tract bleeding,1 with residual stones of common bile duct and 1 with death;incidence of complications in the ENBD group was 6.17％ (5/81),including 2 with biliary fistula,2 with biliary tract infection and 1 with biliary tract bleeding,showing no statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =3.151,P＞0.05).(4) Follow-up situations:of 312 patients,252 were followed up for 2-67 month,with a median time of 15 months,including 175 in the PDC group and 77 in the ENBD group.During the follow up,there was no occurrence of jaundice,cholangitis and pancreatitis,and stone recurrence and postoperative cholangiostenosis were not detected by abdominal color Doppler ultrasound or CT or magnetic resonanced cholangio-pancreatography.Conclusion On the basis of grasping operative indication strictly,ENBD in PDC following LCBDE for choledocholithiasis is safe and effective.

Objective To study the correlation between CD169 expression of monocytes and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV )-infected patients .Methods Sixty HIV-infected patients and 30 healthy controls were recruited .According to the CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ,HIV-infected patients were divided into three groups including < 200 cells/μL ,200 — 350 cells/μL and > 350 cells/μL groups . The differences in monocytes counts ,the proportions of CD16 + and CD169 + monocytes were analyzed among the three groups and healthy controls .The correlations between proportion of CD169 + monocytes and CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ,viral load ,and proportion of CD16 + monocytes were analyzed .Results The monocyte counts in CD4 + T lymphocytes < 200 cells/μL group , (200 — 350 ) cells/μL group , >350 cells/μL group and healthy control group were (342 ± 99) ,(396 ± 145) ,(365 ± 80) ,and (404 ± 106)/μL ,respectively ,which were not significantly different (F= 2 .55 , P > 0 .05) .The proportions of CD16 + monocytes in the four groups were (19 .8 ± 8 .8)％ ,(14 .3 ± 2 .8)％ ,(9 .7 ± 2 .0)％ and (4 .0 ± 0 .8)％ ,respectively ,which were significantly different ( F = 30 .90 , P < 0 .05 ) . The proportions of CD169 + monocytes in the four groups were (72 .6 ± 11 .4)％ ,(59 .4 ± 14 .7)％ ,(33 .3 ± 14 .5)％ and (2 .6 ± 0 .8)％ ,respectively ,which were significantly different (F = 152 .40 , P< 0 .05) .The proportion of CD169 + monocytes was negatively correlated with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts (r = 0 .792 , P< 0 .05) , while positively correlated with both viral load (r= 0 .485 ,P< 0 .05) and proportion of CD16 + monocytes (r= 0 .395 , P< 0 .05) .Conclusions The CD169 expressions of monocytes in HIV-infected patients are significantly increased and correlated with both monocyte activation and disease progression .

Objective To investigate the isolation rate, distribution and trend of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Wenzhou during 2014 to 2016.Methods Sputum or alveolar lavage specimens of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were collected for mycobacteria culture from January 2014 to December 2016.Mycobacterium culture positive strains were further identified by gene chip, 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene sequencing.SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results After excluding repetitive strains, 3 295 mycobacteria strains (MTB) were isolated from respiratory specimens, included 3 032 mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains, 238 NTM strains, 20 Gordon genera strains, 3 Nocardia genera strains and 2 Tsukamurella genera strains.The proportion of NTM among confirmed mycobacteria was 8.5％ (86/1 006), 6.7％ (72/1 079) and 6.8％ (80/1 185) in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively (x2 =2.459,P ＞ 0.05).The overall prevalence of NTM was 7.3 ％ (238/3 270).There were 15 species of NTM, and the most common NTM strain was Mycobacterium intracellulare (52.5％,125/238), followed by Mycobacterium abscessus (22.7％, 54/238) and Mycobacterium avium (10.1％, 24/238), other species were only accounted for 14.7％ (35/238).The ranking of Mycobacterium avium went up rapidly from the fifth in 2014 to the second in 2016 (x2 =18.259, P ＜ 0.01), while proportion of Mycobacterium abscess, dropped from 34.9％ (30/86) in 2014 to 17.5％ (14/80) in 2016 (x2 =7.335, P＜0.01).Among patients from whom the NTM strains were isolated, 56.7％ (135/238) were male and most of them were aged 45 years or above (79.8％, 190/238).Conclusions In the past three years, the trend of NTM isolation rate in Wenzhou is steady.The most prevalent NTM species is Mycobacterium intracellulare, followed by Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium.Mycobacterium avium shows a continuously upward trend, while the separation of Mycobacterium abscessus shows a downward trend.