This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， medicinal parts， processing and other aspects of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix（EPR） by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the relevant modern research materials， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herbal medicine. According to research， EPR was first recorded in the Shennong Bencaojing in the name of Daji， and it is the correct name of the herbal medicine in all dynasties， there are also other aliases such as Qiongju， Hongya Daji， and Xiamaxian. The dried roots of Euphorbia pekinensis from Euphorbiaceae was the mainstream of the past dynasties. Before the Ming dynasty， the above ground parts of E. pekinensis were used as Zeqi in herbal works. However， since LI Shizhen in the Ming dynasty proposed that the origin of Zeqi should be E. helioscopia， the aerial part of EPR is no longer used as medicine. Since modern times， the roots of Knoxia valerianoides has been used as EPR， and has become the mainstream of commodities， which should be corrected. Throughout history， it has been recorded that the main producing areas were Jiangsu， Anhui， Zhejiang， Shanxi and other regions， while modern botanical survey have shown that EPR is a widespread species distributed throughout the country. In ancient times， the harvesting time of EPR was mostly the twelfth lunar month， while in modern time， it is more common to harvest in autumn and winter. The main processing methods of EPR in ancient times were vinegar processing， wine processing， and stir frying， while in modern times， it is uniformly vinegar processing. In the medicinal properties and clinical aspects， the records are basically consistent throughout history， mainly characterized by bitter taste， cold and toxic nature. Its main efficacy is expelling water retention and reducing swelling. Based on the textual research， it is suggested to choose the dried roots of E. pekinensis when famous classical formulas containing EPR， processing method can be based on the original specified prescription requirements， if the processing method is not clear， it is recommended to use vinegar-processed products as medicine.

OBJECTIVE To identify the chemical components of Shenbai Jiedu Decoction(SBJDD),a traditional Chinese medi-cine(TCM)prescription clinically used for the treatment of colorectal adenoma(CRA),and explore the potential mechanism of SBJDD preventing and treating CRA carcinogenesis.METHODS An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)method was established to detect the chemical components in the decoction of SBJDD and the plas-ma samples of rats after administration with SBJDD.Based on the network pharmacological method,SBJDD was screened for the poten-tial active ingredients at different stages of CRA carcinogenesis,and the mechanism of the anti-cancer effect of SBJDD was explored.In vitro experiments were also carried out to verify the mechanism of anti-colorectal cancer(CRC)action of SBJDD.RE-SULTS The detection data of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS showed that 152 components were found from SBJDD water extraction.41 chemical compounds were identified in plasma samples from rats administrated with SBJDD.Network pharmacology analysis indicated that during the CREI stage,the potential active ingredients in SBJDD,including epiberberine,and kushenol H,might affect target proteins such as PIK3CA,MAPK3 and PIK3CB.This,in turn,can influence signaling pathways like PI3K-AKT and Ras signaling pathways,and regulate biological processes like protein phosphorylation,and signal transduction.During the CRA stage,the potential active ingredi-ents from SBJDD,such as 3,7-dihydroxycoumarin,palmatine,and kushenol A,might affect target proteins such as AKT and EGFR.This can regulate the negative regulation of apoptotic process,and positive regulation of cell proliferation,and modify HIF-1,and Rap1 signaling pathways.During the progression of CRA carcinogenesis,potential active ingredients such as 3,7-dihydroxycouma-rin may interact with TP53,and impact the PI3K-AKT,and Thyroid hormone signaling pathways to regulate biological processes,in-cluding positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter,and negative regulation of apoptotic process.In the CRC stage,core ingredients like p-coumaric acid may bind with proteins such as PRKCB.This binding may impact the signaling pathways that negatively affect EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance,and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways.Additionally,it may regulate bio-logical processes,including negative regulation of apoptotic process,signal transduction,and protein phosphorylation.In vitro experi-ment results indicated that SBJDD inhibited the proliferation of HT29 cells and suppressed the expression of EGFR and PKC proteins.CONCLUSION The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method is established to effectively separate the chemical constituents in SBJDD,which are mainly composed of alkaloids,organic acids and flavonoids components.Components from SBJDD dock with different targets during the carcinogenesis process of CRA and regulate cancer-related signaling pathways to exert therapeutic effects.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between ceftazidime-avibactam(CAZ-AVI)blood concentrations and efficacy in critically ill patients and to investigate the factors influencing blood levels.Methods The CAZ-AVI trough concentrations(Cmin)were detected in 29 patients who received CAZ-AVI treatment for at least 48 hours.The clinical materials of the patients were collected together for retrospective analysis.Results The Cmin of ceftazidime(CAZ)and avibactam(AVI)were(50.95±5.17)and(7.52±0.96)mg·L-1 in the effective group and(31.16±7.03)and(5.37±1.32)mg·L-1 in the ineffective group,respectively.The Cmin of CAZ in the effective group was significantly higher than in the ineffective group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in AVI Cmin between the two groups(P>0.05).Spearman's correlation analysis showed that CAZ Cmin was positively correlated with clinical efficacy(P<0.05),and no correlation between AVI Cmin and clinical efficacy(P>0.05).The optimal CAZ Cmin threshold was 24.59 mg·L-1.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and creatinine clearance was significantly correlated with the Cmin of CAZ,and creatinine clearance was significantly correlated with AVI Cmin(P<0.05).Conclusions The Cmin of CAZ correlates with efficacy,and it may be more beneficial for clinical treatment to keep the concentration of CAZ-AVI always greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration during the dosing interval.The creatinine clearance should be fully considered when optimizing CAZ-AVI dosage in critically ill patients.

Objective:To establish the fingerprints of Plantaginis Herba.Methods:The fingerprints were determined by UPLC. The peak areas of fingerprints of different parts and origins were analyzed by variance analysis and independent sample t-test. PCA, HCA, PLS-DA and other chemical patterns were analyzed by Simca14.1. The index weight was calculated by CRITIC, and the quality of plantain evaluation was combined with grey correlation degree.Results:The fingerprints of grass, stem, leaf and spike of Plantago depressa Willd. calibrated for 24, 16, 23 and 22 common peaks. The fingerprints of grass, stem, leaf and spike of Plantaginis Herba calibrated for 22, 10, 16 and 22 common peaks, and the fingerprints of commercial mixed plantain calibrated for 23 common peaks. 10 peaks were identified. The analysis of variance showed that there were differences in chromatographic peak areas between different parts of Plantago asiatica L. and Plantago depressa Willd.. And combinedede with PLS-DA, it showed that there were 16 important characteristic indexes in the classification, and the importance ranking was peak 3, 8, 28, 12, 14, 7, 5, 17, 6, 19, 23, 11, 22, 27, 9, 16. The quality evaluation results of critical method combined with grey correlation degree showed that among Plantago depressa Willd., Plantago asiatica L. and commercial mixed plantain herbs, the quality of Plantago asiatica L. was the best. Conclusion:The mixture of plantain exists in the market. The fingerprints established in this study can be used for the identification and quality evaluation of Plantaginis Herba from different sources.

Objective:To investigate the variation characteristics and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS subtypes in Wuxi city of Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2016.Methods:HIV/AIDS population in Wuxi city in 2014 was selected as the research object, and the HIV molecular epidemiology and follow-up study were carried out. Collect epidemiological information, extract DNA from blood samples, amplify pol gene fragment by nest-PCR and sequence, use ChromasPro 1.6 software and MEGA 7.0 software to construct the HIV-1 sequence database, and use FastTree2.1.10 software to construct the phylogenetic tree to confirm the subtype; in 2016, the same population was followed up, and the HIV subtype variation was analyzed, and the influencing factors of subtype variation were explored by multivariate logistic regression. Results:A total of 612 HIV/AIDS cases in 2014 and 2016 were collected. The age of the subjects was mainly 30 years old or above (85.46%, 523/612), and the proportion of people over 50 years old was higher (228/612, 37.25%). The main route of transmission was homosexuality, accounting for 49.67%. A total of 1224 samples were detected and CRF01 _ AE、CRF07_ BC、B、CRF08_ BC、CRF67_ 01B、CRF55_ 01B、CRF68_ 01B, 7 subtypes of HIV-1 and 5 unique recombinant types (URFs) was detected. CRF01_ AE and CRF07_ BC was still the main genotype in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, accounting for 66.75%. There were 29 cases (3.56%) of URFs recombinant strains. During 2014-2016, the variation rate of subtypes was 14.63%, and the most common variation was CRF01_ AE changes to CRF07_ BC(13.95%). Marital status (OR=0.363, 95% CI: 0.137-0.964) and baseline CD4 level (OR=0.414, 95% CI: 0.192-0.891) were associated with subtype variation.Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes of HIV/AIDS patients in Wuxi city are diverse and complex, the proportion of recombinant subtypes is rising, the URFs that are difficult to determine the genotype increase significantly, and the variation rate of HIV-1 subtypes among HIV/AIDS infected people is high. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of HIV-1 subtypes.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of E. coli peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) and the risk factors for its occurrence and treatment failure.Methods:The clinical data of patients with episodes of PDAP in four general hospitals in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the pathogenic bacteria, the patients were divided into E. coli and non- E. coli groups. The incidence of E. coli PDAP in the last seven years was calculated and the clinical characteristics were compared between two PDAP groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence and treatment failure of E. coli PDAP. Results:A total of 693 PDAP episodes/cases were enrolled in this study, including 100 episodes/cases in the E. coli group and 593 episodes/cases in the non- E. coli group. The incidence rate of E. coli PDAP in the four hospitals showed a decreasing trend during 2013 to 2019. Compared with the non-E.coli group, the proportion of diabetic patients and the average blood albumin levels in the E. coli group were lower ( χ2=5.006, Z=-2.992, P<0.05), while the proportion of refractory peritonitis was higher, and the duration of antibiotic therapy was longer ( χ2=6.350, Z=-2.779, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that history of PDAP ( OR=1.577, 95% CI: 1.015-2.448) and low baseline serum albumin level ( OR=0.958, 95% CI: 0.923-0.995) were independent risk factors for the development of E. coli PDAP, while concomitant diabetes was an independent protective factor for E. coli PDAP ( OR=0.538, 95% CI: 0.330-0.876). Moreover, long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for treatment failure of E. coli PDAP ( OR=1.047, 95% CI: 1.018-1.076). Conclusion:The incidence rate of E. coli PDAP in study institutions has declined in the past 7 years, but the rate of refractory PDAP is still high. The history of PDAP and low blood albumin level are independent risk factors for the occurrence of E. coli PDAP, while concomitant diabetes is an independent protective factor for the occurrence of E. coli PDAP. Long-term dialysis is an independent risk factor for treatment failure of E. coli PDAP.

Myasthenia gravis(MG)is a B cell-mediated,T cell-dependent,complements-involved autoimmune disease.Ocular myasthenia gravis(OMG)is a typical MG,with its symptoms limited to the extraocular muscles.The occurrence and development of a variety of autoimmune diseases including OMG are closely associated with the imbalanced expression of follicular regulatory T cells(Tfr cells).Therefore,Tfr cells may be a new research topic for OMG.
Complement System Proteins ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Oculomotor Muscles ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum uric acid level and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2017 to July 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. They were divided into 4 groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to the sex-specific serum uric acid quartiles. The demographic data, baseline clinical data, laboratory indicators and HRV recorded by 24-h dynamic electrocardiogram in each group were compared. The independent correlation between HRV time domain parameters RR (normal-to-normal, NN) interval standard deviation (standard deviation of the NN intervals, SDNN), RR interval mean standard deviation (standard deviation of the average NN intervals, SDANN) and serum uric acid level was analyzed through multiple linear regression model.Results:A total of 141 patients were enrolled in the study, including 100 males (70.92%), aged 61.55±12.92 years. The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 2 (interquartile range: 1-4), and the serum uric acid level was 302.87±73.48 μmol/L. There were significant differences in the NIHSS score ( P<0.034), the proportion of patients with hypertension ( P=0.015), the estimated glomerular filtration rate ( P<0.001), and the HRV time domain parameters (all P<0.001) between each quartile group. The proportion of patients with low HRV (SDNN <100 ms) in the lowest serum uric acid level quartile group was significantly higher than that in other quartile groups ( P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum uric acid levels were significantly and positively correlated with SDNN (standardized β=0.321, P<0.001) and SDANN (standardized β=0.266, P=0.001). Conclusions:The low level of serum uric acid in patients with acute ischemic stroke indicates that HRV is low, which may suggest that the mechanism of oxidative stress is involved in the decrease of HRV in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective:To investigate the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations and plasma D-dimer in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) patients with headache as the first symptom.Methods:CVST inpatients with headache as the first symptom admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled retrospectively as case group. In the same period, patients with similar headache symptoms and healthy subjects were included consecutively as control group. The differences of demographic data, biochemical indexes, blood routine indexes and plasma D-dimer were compared among the three groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent correlation between NLR and plasma D-dimer and CVST with headache as the first symptom. According to the median NLR, patients with CVST were divided into low NLR group and high NLR group, and the differences in clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations and plasma D-dimer were compared between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation between the reciprocal of NLR and plasma D-dimer and clinical features. Results:A total of 51 CVST inpatients with headache as the first symptom, 54 headache controls and 53 healthy controls were included in the study. There were significant differences in triglyceride ( P=0.002), fasting blood glucose ( P=0.044), serum albumin ( P=0.013), uric acid ( P=0.010), plasma D-dimer ( P<0.001), proportion of D-dimer negative patients ( P<0.001), mean corpuscular volume ( P=0.015), white blood cell count ( P<0.001), neutrophil count ( P<0.001), lymphocyte count ( P=0.005), monocyte count ( P=0.004), mean platelet volume ( P=0.010), platelet distribution width ( P=0.029), NLR ( P<0.001) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio ( P<0.001) among the three groups. Post-hoc analysis showed that plasma D-dimer and NLR in the case group were significantly higher than those in the two control groups (all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis with the headache control group and the healthy control group as references showed that NLR and plasma D-dimer were significantly and independently correlated with CVST with headache as the first symptom (all P<0.05). According to the median NLR (4.817 6), the case group was divided into low NLR group and high NLR group. The comparison showed that the onset time ( P=0.041), the proportion of patients with headache as the only symptom ( P=0.016) and the proportion of plasma D-dimer negative patients ( P=0.002) in the low NLR group were significantly higher than those of the high NLR group, and the proportion of patients with headache complicated with disturbance of consciousness ( P=0.032), plasma D-dimer ( P<0.001) and fasting blood glucose ( P<0.001) were significantly lower than those in the high NLR group. With the reciprocal of NLR as the dependent variable, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the reciprocal of NLR was independently negatively correlated with plasma D-dimer ( R=-0.521, P<0.001), and independently positively correlated with headache as the only symptom ( R=0.280, P=0.049). Conclusions:NLR was significantly increased in CVST patients with headache as the first symptom. It might help early diagnosis and clinical feature prediction of CVST patients.

Objective: To investigate the effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on healing of wounds with full-thickness skin defects in mice. Methods: ADSCs were isolated from the lumbar and abdominal fat donated voluntarily by a healthy woman undergoing liposuction in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command, and the cells were cultured and identified. ADSCs of the second passage were used in the following experiments. The venous blood of the volunteer was taken, and PRP was obtained by secondary centrifugation. Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided into simple injury group (n=12), simple ADSCs treatment group (n=12), and ADSCs+ PRP treatment group (n=12) according to the random number table. Each mouse was inflicted with a 1 cm×1 cm wound with full-thickness skin defect on the back. Immediately after injury, the wounds of mice in simple injury group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL normal saline, the wounds of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL phosphate buffer solution-blended ADSCs suspension (with concentration of 5×10⁵ /mL, the same below), and the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL mixture of PRP and ADSCs (1∶2 volume ratio). Three mice in each group were taken on post injury day (PID) 3, 5, 7, and 14 to observe the gross condition of wound, and the wound healing rate was calculated. On PID 3, 5, and 7, the non-healing wound tissue and 0.5 cm normal skin tissue around the wound margin were taken after gross observation. The inflammation, re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis of tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the re-epithelialization rate was calculated. The collagen synthesis of tissue was observed by masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of macrophages of tissue samples collected on PID 3 and 5. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design and Least-Significant Difference test. Results: (1) On PID 3, the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were with granulation tissue regeneration, redness, and swelling, and the wounds of mice in the other two groups were ruddy and with effusion. On PID 5, the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group had less redness and swelling, which were dry with obvious scab, and wounds of mice in the other two groups were obviously red and swollen. On PID 7, scab formed basically on wounds of mice in the three groups. On PID 14, the wounds of mice in the three groups basically healed, and their crusts were off. On PID 3, 5, 7, and 14, the wound healing rates of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were obviously higher than those of the other two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On PID 5 and 7, the wound healing rates of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were obviously higher than those of simple injury group (P<0.01). (2) On PID 3, granulation tissue regeneration of wounds in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group was more than that in the other two groups. On PID 5, inflammatory reaction of wounds of mice was mild in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, which was severe in the other two groups. On PID 7, the re-epithelialization process of wounds of mice was almost completed in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, and the number of new vessels was more in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group than in the other two groups. The migration distance of regenerated epithelia around the wound edge in simple injury group and simple ADSCs treatment group was short. On PID 3, 5, and 7, the re-epithelialization rates of wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were (37.6±4.5)%, (59.1±1.3)%, and (89.2±4.3)%, respectively, significantly higher than (25.7±1.5)%, (34.5±4.4)%, and (50.8±2.7)% in simple injury group and (29.1±0.8)%, (42.6±2.9)%, and (72.9±3.0)% in simple ADSCs treatment group (P<0.01). On PID 5 and 7, the re-epithelialization rates of wounds of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were significantly higher than those in simple injury group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) On PID 3 and 5, a quite large number of new collagen fibers appeared in granulation tissue of wounds of ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, while the collagen fibers in the other two groups were less. On PID 7, the granulation tissue of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group decreased, and a large number of new collagen fibers appeared. The collagen fibers in wounds tissue of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group increased, while the collagen fibers deposited in wounds tissue of mice in simple injury group was still less. (4) On PID 3 and 5, the numbers of macrophages in wounds tissue of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were 4.7±0.6 and 5.3±0.6 respectively, obviously lower than 6.3±0.6 and 7.7±0.6 in injury group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the numbers of macrophages in wounds tissue of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were 3.0±1.1 and 2.7±0.5, significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Human PRP and ADSCs are involved in the early inflammation, metaphase of tissue proliferation, and re-epithelialization and shaping process of late stage of wounds with full-thickness skin defects in mice. The combination of ADSCs and PRP may be a comparatively good combination to improve the speed and quality of wound healing.