ObjectiveTo investigate the level of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) among preschool children (aged 3‒6 years) and primary and secondary school students in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination, and to provide a basis for hepatitis B prevention and control in the region. MethodsAs part of the 2023 Tonglu County Urban and Rural Residents Health Examination Program, blood samples were collected during health check-ups. Fingertip blood samples were obtained from preschool children, while venous blood samples were collected from primary and secondary school children. The anti-HBs levels in blood (positive + / negative -) were qualitatively tested using hepatitis B surface antibody test kits (latex method). The differences in anti-HBs positivity rates among different age groups were analyzed. ResultsBetween April 1, 2023 and June 30, 2023, a total of 52 919 individuals were surveyed, including 11 973 preschool children and 40 946 primary and secondary school students. The overall anti-HBs positivity rate was 39.74%, with the highest positivity rate observed among preschool children (60.20%). Age was negatively correlated with the anti-HBs positivity rate (P<0.001). No significant gender differences in anti-HBs positivity rates were observed. The anti-HBs positive rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, with statistically significant differences across school grade groups (primary grades 1‒3, grades 4‒6, middle school, and high school) (P<0.001). ConclusionThe anti-HBs positivity rate among preschool and school-age children in Tonglu County decreases with age and remains relatively low. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B antibody levels and promote health education among preschool and school-age children. Children who have not completed the full hepatitis B vaccination should receive timely catch-up vaccination.

(+)-Borneol, the main component of "Natural Borneol" in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is a high-end spice and precious medicine. Plant extraction cannot meet the increasing demand for (+)-borneol, while microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable supply route. However, its production was extremely low compared with other monoterpenes, even with extensively optimizing the mevalonate pathway. We found that the key challenge is the complex and unusual dephosphorylation reaction of bornyl diphosphate (BPP), which suffers the side-reaction and the competition from the cellular dephosphorylation process, especially lipid metabolism, thus limiting (+)-borneol synthesis. Here, we systematically optimized the dephosphorylation process by identifying, characterizing phosphatases, and balancing cellular dephosphorylation metabolism. For the first time, we identified two endogenous phosphatases and seven heterologous phosphatases, which significantly increased (+)-borneol production by up to 152%. By engineering BPP dephosphorylation and optimizing the MVA pathway, the production of (+)-borneol was increased by 33.8-fold, which enabled the production of 753 mg/L under fed-batch fermentation in shake flasks, so far the highest reported in the literature. This study showed that rewiring dephosphorylation metabolism was essential for high-level production of (+)-borneol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and balancing cellular dephosphorylation is also helpful for efficient biosynthesis of other terpenoids since all whose biosynthesis involves the dephosphorylation procedure.

Objective To develop and validate risk prediction models utilizing five machine learning algorithms for assessing postoperative pulmonary infection(PPI)risk in lung cancer patients undergoing grade Ⅳ thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A retrospective cohort study included 2,380 lung cancer patients who underwent grade Ⅳ thoracoscopic surgery at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai(January 2022 to June 2024).Patients were stratified into training(n=1,665)and validation(n=715)cohorts.Five machine learning algorithms—Logistic regression(LR),artificial neural network(ANN),support vector machine(S VM),random forest(RF),and extreme gradient boosting(XGB)—were employed to construct predictive models.A nomogram was developed for clinical utility.Results Among 2,380 patients,226(9.5％)developed PPI.The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Se-lection Operator(LASSO)regression identified eight predictive variables:daily cigarette consumption,diabetes history,preoperative diffusing capacity,maximal tumor diameter,24-hour postoperative chest drainage volume,perioperative oral nutritional supplementation(ONS),postoperative urinary cathe-terization,and intraoperative pleural adhesion severity.All models demonstrated robust discrimina-tion,with area under the curve(AUC)values ranging from 0.862 to 0.947.The XGB model a-chieved superior performance(AUC=0.947,95％CI,0.937 to 0.962),followed closely by the LR model(AUC=0.926,95％CI,0.918 to 0.933).Conclusion Machine learning-based algo-rithms models effectively stratify PPI risk in lung cancer patients following grade Ⅳ thoracoscopic surgery.The derived nomogram provides a practical tool for perioperative risk management by healthcare providers.

Objective To investigate the impact of various health education intervention strategies on the proper use of personal respiratory protective equipment (RPE) among workers exposed to dust. Methods Dust-exposed workers were recruited from 60 selected enterprises in Guangdong Province using cluster random sampling method. They were randomly allocated to the control, low-intensity intervention, and high-intensity intervention groups, with 358, 346, and 371 workers in each group, respectively. Workers in the control group received no designed intervention. Workers in the low-intensity intervention group received traditional plus mobile health education on the proper use of RPE. Workers in the high-intensity intervention group received all components of the low-intensity intervention, supplemented with peer education. The intervention lasted for six months. RPE usage was compared among the three groups of workers before and after the intervention. Results Workers in the control, low-intensity intervention, and high-intensity intervention groups showed higher rates of both RPE wearing and correct RPE wearing after the intervention than before it within their respective groups (RPE wearing rate: 94.1% vs 99.2%, 95.7% vs 100.0%, 94.6% vs 100.0%, all P<0.01; correct RPE wearing rate: 66.8% vs 91.1%, 67.3% vs 95.7%, 66.6% vs 96.5%, all P<0.01). Post-intervention correct RPE wearing rates were highest in the high-intensity intervention group, followed by the low-intensity intervention group, and the control group, with the percentage of 96.50%, 95.66% and 91.06%, respectively (P<0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis result showed that different intervention strategies affected the correct use of personal RPE among dust-exposed workers after adjusting for gender, age, and other confounding factors (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the rates of correct RPE use increased in the low-intensity intervention group and the high-intensity intervention group (odd ratio was 2.14 and 3.01; 95% confidence interval was 1.12 - 4.10 and 1.53 - 5.91, respectively). Conclusion The implementation of traditional plus mobile health education interventions on the proper use of RPE can promote correct RPE utilization among dust-exposed workers, and integrating peer education further enhances the intervention effectiveness.

Tumor metastasis is the major cause of death for tumor patients and the key bottleneck of clinical treatment. In recent years， basic and clinical studies have recognized that tumor microenvironment （TME） is highly correlated with tumor metastasis， which provides hope for anti-metastatic drug development and clinical treatment. At present， the mainstream studies on TME represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs） mainly focus on the rectification of immune function of T cells and B cells. However， a large number of studies have shown that the significance of other members of TME for tumor metastasis cannot be ignored， which greatly reflects the progress of anti-metastatic research based on TME regulation. This review focused on tumor metastasis， summarized the mechanism of action of non-T and non-B immune cells ［tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs） and tumor-associated neutrophils （TANs）］ and non-immune members ［vascular endothelial cells （ECs）， tumor-associated fibroblasts （CAFs）， and blood platelet］ in the process of tumor metastasis in TME based on the literature over the recent five years， and explored their key value in the treatment of metastasis. At the treatment level， this review focused on the perspective of the integration of frontier and traditional methods and took the functional homeostasis remodeling of TME as the entry point to summarize the activity and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） regulation of non-T and non-B immune cells and non-immune members and highlight its advantages and characteristics in clinical intervention of metastasis. This review helps to break through the limitations of over-reliance on T and B immune cells in anti-metastatic research， make the research rely on a wider range of cell groups， explore the potential value of TME in anti-metastatic drug intervention， and enrich the idea and strategy of understanding the anti-metastatic pharmacological activity. The review is also expected to provide a broader vision for the research and development of new anti-metastatic drugs.

After tooth extraction,significant absorption occurs in the soft and hard tissues of the alveolar ridge.The goal of alveolar ridge preservation is to maintain the volume and shape of the alveolar ridge's soft and hard tissues as much as possible so as to provide suitable conditions for implant placement.Currently,there are challenges in classify-ing the socket for alveolar ridge preservation,such as the difficulty in directly guiding the selection of graft materials and clinical procedures and the insufficient space for particle xenograft maintenance,resulting in poor bone regenera-tion.Plasmatrix is an autologous blood derivative that effectively enhances tissue regeneration.This article introduced the characteristics of soft and hard tissue defects after tooth extraction and the primary applications of plasmatrix for al-veolar ridge preservation(liquid plasmatrix,solid plasmatrix membrane/plug,and plasmatrix bone blocks)as well as the proposed methods for the reclassification of sockets for alveolar ridge preservation based on soft and hard tissue defects at the extraction site to facilitate the creation of clinical recommendations.The proposed classifications are as follows:Class Ⅰ,extraction socket without bone defect,with or without soft tissue defect;Class Ⅱ,extraction socket with bone defect,both sides with bone wall defect less than 50％,with or without soft tissue defect;Class Ⅲ,extraction socket with bone tissue defect,at least one side with bone wall defect greater than 50％,with or without soft tissue defect.For the Class Ⅰ socket,a solid plasmatrix membrane or plug is inserted,followed by injection of liquid plasmatrix,using a double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure;for the Class Ⅱ socket,plasmatrix bone blocks are inserted,followed by injection of liquid plasmatrix and secondary solidification,using absorbable collagen membrane and double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure;for the Class Ⅲ socket,tenting screws are used to maintain height,followed by implantation of plasmatrix bone blocks,injection of liquid plasmatrix and secondary solidification,using ab-sorbable collagen membrane and double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure.The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive knowledge of plasmatrix for oral clinicians to serve as a reference to simplify the clinical deci-sion-making process and procedures for alveolar ridge preservation.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.

After tooth extraction,significant absorption occurs in the soft and hard tissues of the alveolar ridge.The goal of alveolar ridge preservation is to maintain the volume and shape of the alveolar ridge's soft and hard tissues as much as possible so as to provide suitable conditions for implant placement.Currently,there are challenges in classify-ing the socket for alveolar ridge preservation,such as the difficulty in directly guiding the selection of graft materials and clinical procedures and the insufficient space for particle xenograft maintenance,resulting in poor bone regenera-tion.Plasmatrix is an autologous blood derivative that effectively enhances tissue regeneration.This article introduced the characteristics of soft and hard tissue defects after tooth extraction and the primary applications of plasmatrix for al-veolar ridge preservation(liquid plasmatrix,solid plasmatrix membrane/plug,and plasmatrix bone blocks)as well as the proposed methods for the reclassification of sockets for alveolar ridge preservation based on soft and hard tissue defects at the extraction site to facilitate the creation of clinical recommendations.The proposed classifications are as follows:Class Ⅰ,extraction socket without bone defect,with or without soft tissue defect;Class Ⅱ,extraction socket with bone defect,both sides with bone wall defect less than 50％,with or without soft tissue defect;Class Ⅲ,extraction socket with bone tissue defect,at least one side with bone wall defect greater than 50％,with or without soft tissue defect.For the Class Ⅰ socket,a solid plasmatrix membrane or plug is inserted,followed by injection of liquid plasmatrix,using a double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure;for the Class Ⅱ socket,plasmatrix bone blocks are inserted,followed by injection of liquid plasmatrix and secondary solidification,using absorbable collagen membrane and double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure;for the Class Ⅲ socket,tenting screws are used to maintain height,followed by implantation of plasmatrix bone blocks,injection of liquid plasmatrix and secondary solidification,using ab-sorbable collagen membrane and double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure.The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive knowledge of plasmatrix for oral clinicians to serve as a reference to simplify the clinical deci-sion-making process and procedures for alveolar ridge preservation.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.

After tooth extraction,significant absorption occurs in the soft and hard tissues of the alveolar ridge.The goal of alveolar ridge preservation is to maintain the volume and shape of the alveolar ridge's soft and hard tissues as much as possible so as to provide suitable conditions for implant placement.Currently,there are challenges in classify-ing the socket for alveolar ridge preservation,such as the difficulty in directly guiding the selection of graft materials and clinical procedures and the insufficient space for particle xenograft maintenance,resulting in poor bone regenera-tion.Plasmatrix is an autologous blood derivative that effectively enhances tissue regeneration.This article introduced the characteristics of soft and hard tissue defects after tooth extraction and the primary applications of plasmatrix for al-veolar ridge preservation(liquid plasmatrix,solid plasmatrix membrane/plug,and plasmatrix bone blocks)as well as the proposed methods for the reclassification of sockets for alveolar ridge preservation based on soft and hard tissue defects at the extraction site to facilitate the creation of clinical recommendations.The proposed classifications are as follows:Class Ⅰ,extraction socket without bone defect,with or without soft tissue defect;Class Ⅱ,extraction socket with bone defect,both sides with bone wall defect less than 50％,with or without soft tissue defect;Class Ⅲ,extraction socket with bone tissue defect,at least one side with bone wall defect greater than 50％,with or without soft tissue defect.For the Class Ⅰ socket,a solid plasmatrix membrane or plug is inserted,followed by injection of liquid plasmatrix,using a double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure;for the Class Ⅱ socket,plasmatrix bone blocks are inserted,followed by injection of liquid plasmatrix and secondary solidification,using absorbable collagen membrane and double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure;for the Class Ⅲ socket,tenting screws are used to maintain height,followed by implantation of plasmatrix bone blocks,injection of liquid plasmatrix and secondary solidification,using ab-sorbable collagen membrane and double-layer solid plasmatrix membrane for socket closure.The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive knowledge of plasmatrix for oral clinicians to serve as a reference to simplify the clinical deci-sion-making process and procedures for alveolar ridge preservation.