ObjectiveTo explore the listed varieties and prescription characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for stroke in China， explore the medication rules of Chinese medicine for stroke， and provide guidance for further clinical research and development of Chinese patent medicines. MethodsExcel 2021 and the Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform （V2.3.5） were used to systematically mine and analyze the varieties and prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines for stroke in China. ResultsA total of 244 Chinese patent medicines （two for different dosage forms of the same prescription）， 1 736 approval documents for Chinese patent medicines， 792 manufacturers， and 83 varieties of protected Chinese patent medicines were finally included in the database. The top three dosage forms were capsules （75）， pills （53）， and tablets （42）. There were 28 Chinese patent medicines for stroke in the National Essential Drug Catalogue （2018）， 129 in the National Essential Medical Insurance， Industrial Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue （2023）， and 4 in the National Non-prescription Drug Catalogue. Among the 138 prescriptions screened out， Chinese patent medicines mainly treated stroke patients with the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. The top three most frequent medicinal herbs were Chuanxiong Rhizoma （63）， Pheretima （47）， and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （47）. The medicinal herbs used were mainly warm， pungent， with the meridian tropism to the liver meridian. The correlation analysis showed that the herb pair with the highest support was Astragali Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma， and that with the highest confidence was Carthami Flos-Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Five herb combinations were identified based on the cluster analysis. ConclusionThe Chinese patent medicines for stroke mainly treat patients with the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. The medicinal herbs used in the prescriptions mainly have the functions of activating blood and resolving stasis， extinguishing wind and stopping convulsions. Drug compatibility usually focuses on activating blood and resolving stasis， as well as expelling phlegm and opening orifices. This review of the varieties and prescription characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for stroke helps optimize clinical decision-making， guide drug research and development， promote medical research and scientific progress， and provide more effective support and guarantee for the treatment of stroke patients.

Objective:To examine the factors that contribute to memory impairment in elderly stroke patients and develop a predictive model.Methods:One hundred stroke patients from the First People's Hospital of Changzhou were selected to assess the incidence of memory impairment using the Montreal cognitive assessment memory index score(MoCA-MIS).Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to determine the factors influencing memory impairment in these patients.Additionally, the correlation among relevant scale scores was examined, and a prediction model was developed.Results:In the study, 49 patients(49.0%)did not exhibit memory impairment.Patients with memory impairment were found to have higher proportions of individuals over 75 years old, elevated levels of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol(LDL-C), and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores compared to those without memory impairment.Conversely, patients without memory impairment had higher proportions of individuals with more than 9 years of education, higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores, Rivermead behavioural memory test-Ⅱ(RBMT-Ⅱ)scores, and picture-based memory impairment screen(PMIS)scores(all P<0.05).Furthermore, Montreal cognitive assessment-memory index(MoCA-MIS)scores in stroke patients with memory impairment showed negative correlations with NIHSS scores, TG, and LDL-C, while showing positive correlations with HDL-C, MMSE scores, RBMT-Ⅱ scores, and PMIS scores(all P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis indicated that years of education, TG, HDL-C, NIHSS score, MMSE score, RBMT-Ⅱ score, PMIS score, and the location of the lesion in the cortex or temporal lobe were significant factors influencing memory impairment in stroke patients(all P<0.05).The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis revealed an area under curve(AUC)of 0.955(95% CI: 0.921-0.977)for the prediction model of memory impairment in stroke patients, with a Yoden index of 0.841. Conclusions:The risk of memory impairment in stroke patients is associated with education years and blood lipid levels.Factors such as high education level, active cognitive function, and memory training serve as protective factors against memory impairment.The prediction model developed using these influencing factors demonstrates high predictive accuracy for post-stroke memory impairment.

Objective:To perform two-step clustering analysis based on urodynamics in patients with neurogenic bladder (NB) and exploring characteristics affecting success rate of sacral neuromodulation (SNM).Methods:The data of 174 NB patients who received SNM therapy in our hospital from September 2018 to August 2023, were retrospectively analysed. There were 94 males and 80 females, with average age of (50.4±17.9)years, median duration of 2 (1, 3)years, and body mass index of 21.5 (20, 25) kg/m 2. Among them, 50 patients had chronic diseases (hypertension or diabetes). Additionally, 77 patients (44.3%) presented with voiding symptoms, 47 patients (27.0%) with storage symptoms, and 50 patients (28.7%) with mixed symptoms. The etiologies included spinal cord lesions in 110 patients (63.2%), brain lesions in 21 patients (12.1%), peripheral nerve lesions in 36 patients (20.7%), and other causes in 7 patients (4.0%). All patients underwent urodynamics and SNM phase 1 test. If patient's subjective symptoms or objective indicators improved > 50%, it is defined as treatment success and feasible to received second stage of SNM. The success rate was analyzed. Clinical indicators and urodynamic parameter were collected for exploring the difference of the above indicators between two groups (with or without conversion). The 174 patients were grouped using two-step clustering analysis, dividing them into two groups. The differences in clinical data, urodynamic parameters, and the conversion rate of SNM phase II between the two groups were compared. Results:Among these patients, 126 (72%) underwent the second stage of SNM. Compared with the non-conversion group, patients in the conversion group exhibited the following characteristics: high proportion of female[51.6% (65/126) vs. 31.2% (15/48)], younger[(48.1± 18.3)year vs. (56.4±15.4) year], lower proportion of history of chronic disease[23.9% (30/126) vs. 41.7% (20/48)], storage predominant symptoms predominant[33.3% (42/126) vs. 10.4% (5/48)], sensitive bladder sensation[50.0% (63/126) vs. 11.1% (14/48)], normal detrusor contractility [26.2% (33/126) vs. 10.4% (5/48)] and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia [21.4% (27/126) vs. 4.2% (2/48)]and lower post-void residual [105.5(49.3, 231.3) ml vs. 197.9(114.8, 284.8) ml], ( P<0.05). After excluding multicollinearity, patients were divided into two group mainly based on coordination, detrusor stability, and detrusor contractility through two-step clustering analysis: 98 patients in Group 1 and 76 patients in Group 2. The success rate was higher in Group 2 [82.9% (63/76) vs. 64.3% (63/98), P=0.006]. Compared with Group 1, Group 2 exhibited the following characteristics: higher proportion of storage symptoms [43.4% (33/76) vs. 14.3% (14/98)], sensitive bladder sensation [67.1% (51/76) vs. 26.5% (26/98)], detrusor overactivity [46.1% (35/76) vs. 3.1% (3/98)], normal detrusor contractility [43.4% (33/76) vs. 5.1% (5/98)], and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia [38.2% (29/76) vs. 0] ( P all<0.05). Additionally, group 2 had lower post-void residual [69.0 (23.8, 136.6) ml and 197.9 (123.2, 287.4) ml] and smaller bladder capacity [(281.9±144.9) ml vs. (430.4±176.7) ml] ( P all<0.01). Conclusions:Patients with storage symptoms, low post-void residual, sensitive bladder sensation, detrusor overactivity, normal contractility, or detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia indicate a higher conversion rate to second stage, making them more suitable for SNM testing.

Objective To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)fingerprint and multi-index content determination method of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction.Methods 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus from different producing areas were collected,Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was prepared according to Technical Requirements for Quality Control and Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,and the extract rate was calculated.UPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and determine the contents of 11-O-mogroside V,kaempferitrin and mogroside V,which were the main effective components.The chemometrics analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and find possible quality markers.Results The extraction rate of 15 batches Siraitiae fructus standard decoction ranged from 24.79％to 34.95％.There were 16 common peaks in the fingerprint,and 4 components were identified.The Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was divided into 2 categories by chemometrics analysis,among which samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi were in one category and samples from Guilin,Guangxi were in another category.Seven differential markers were screened out under the condition of variable importance projection value,and the order was as follows:peak 8＞peak 7＞peak 5＞peak 12(kaempferitrin)＞peak 1＞peak 13＞peak 4.The contents of kaempferitrin,11-O-mogroside V and mogroside V in samples from Guilin,Guangxi were slightly higher than those in samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi.Conclusion The UPLC fingerprint and content determination method established in this study are feasible,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of Siraitiae fructus.The results of principal component analysis show that kaempferol is likely to become a quality marker of Siraitiae fructus.

Objective This paper summarizes and evaluates the existing animal models of Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)based on the clinical diagnostic criteria and symptom characteristics of PI-IBS in Chinese and western medicine.The goal of this study is to seek out animal models with a high degree of clinical agreement between Chinese and western medicine,and to provide an accurate animal model for the prevention and treatment of PI-IBS in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods The animal strains,modelling methods,and mechanisms of the existing PI-IBS animal models were summarized based on the clinical diagnostic features and symptomatology of PI-IBS,as well as the degree of match was evaluated and the strengths and weaknesses of the preparation of animal models were analyzed,by reviewing the articles related to PI-IBS animal experiments and the preparation of animal models.Results A thorough analysis discovered that Campylobacter jejuni infection model,Trichinella infection model,and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in models of disease and symptom combination showed a comparatively high level of clinical agreement between Chinese and western medicine.Conclusion The existing PI-IBS models had the high degree of coincidence with western medicine,Chinese medicine four diagnoses and syndrome are generally less embodied and collected in the modeling process.The primary symptoms in Chinese medicine diagnosis are primarily based on the observation of animal apparent behaviors,while the observation of the sub-syndrome manifestations is relatively less,which results in failure of judgment of TCM syndrome types.Therefore,it is still necessary to further standardize the criteria for evaluating symptoms and the techniques for identifying disease-syndrome combination animal models.PI-IBS model with the syndrome-clinical characteristics in Chinese and western medicine has significant application value and prospects in the future.The multifactorial composite method of western medicine pathological injury+Chinese medicine etiological stimulation can establish a PI-IBS model with a higher degree of coincidence,which can provide theoretical support for the study of the pathogenesis of PI-IBS,the difference of syndrome,and the prevention and treatment with integrative Chinese and western medicine.It is crucial to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PI-IBS.

Using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the plasma level of Lyso-GL3 in patients with Fabry disease and to analyze the clinical application of the method.

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy

Objective: To study the buccolingual inclination of posterior premolars and molars and the curve of Wilson in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns, to explore the compensation mechanism of horizontal inclination of posterior teeth in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns and to provide a reference for the control of posterior tooth inclination in the treatment of bone malocclusion. Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Ninety CBCT scans of adults and ninety scans of adolescents before orthodontic treatment were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. There were 30 skeletal Class I, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ patients in the adult group and adolescent group. The inclination angles of posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson of first and second molars were measured, and data were analyzed between adolescents and adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Results : Compared with skeletal Class Ⅰ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients was significantly lower, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly higher. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients was higher, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly lower. The Wilson curve of the second molar in skeletal Class Ⅱ adult patients was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adolescent patients, skeletal Class Ⅲ adolescent patients had a significantly higher upper posterior molar inclination; however, no difference was found between the inclination of the posterior teeth between skeletal Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ adolescent patients. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅱ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the upper posterior teeth and less lingual inclination in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular first molar. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular second molars and showed no difference in the upper posterior teeth. Conclusions The inclination of the posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson show significant differences between the three sagittal skeletal patterns. Compared with those of skeletal Class Ⅰ patients, the posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients show more lingual inclination in the upper arch and less lingual inclination in the lower arch. Meanwhile, posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅲ patients show more lingual inclination in the lower arch and maintain the inclination in the upper arch.

China has classified the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) as a statutory category B infectious disease and managed it according to Category B since January 8, 2023.In view that Omicron variant is currently the main epidemic strain in China, in order to guide the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with the times, refer to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial 10 th Edition), Expert Consensus on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fourth Edition) and the Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Pediatric Related Viral Infections.The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children (Fifth Edition) has been formulated and updated accordingly on related etiology, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment, and added key points for the treatment of COVID-19 related encephalopathy, fulminating myocarditis and other serious complications for clinical reference.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in high-altitude population aged 18 years and over in Xining, Qinghai and establish the reference interval (RI) of IOP.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xining, Qinghai Province at 2.271 km above sea level from September 2019 to May 2020.Ophthalmic examinations and IOP measurement were conducted among subjects from Physical Examination Center of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital.The subjects who had been living in Xining without leaving for three months were enrolled.Ophthalmic examinations included vision examination, IOP measurement, slit-lamp microscopy, fundus photography, anterior and posterior segment optical coherence tomography.IOP was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry under local anesthesia.Subjects with factors that could cause significant changes in IOP and affect the accuracy of IOP measurement, and those who were unable to receive IOP measurement were excluded.Subjects were grouped according to sex, age and ethnicity, and the distribution and RI of IOP were compared among all groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (No.TRECKY2017-024). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:A total of 6 120 subjects (6 120 eyes) aged 18-90 years old were enrolled, including 2 850 males and 3 270 females with average age of (45.54±13.85) years.The average IOP of high-altitude population in Xining, Qinghai Province was (14.32±1.93) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), with the RI of 10.54-18.10 mmHg.The average IOP was (14.42±1.98) mmHg in male with the RI of 10.54-18.30 mmHg, (14.23±1.88) mmHg in female with the RI of 10.55-17.91 mmHg.The IOP of male was higher than that of female ( t=3.71, P<0.001). The IOP of Han, Tibetan, Hui and other nationalities were (14.38±1.91), (13.93±2.06), (14.21±1.87), (13.94±1.95) mmHg, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=6.73, P<0.001). The IOP of Han nationality was significantly higher than that of Tibetan, Hui and other nationalities, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:RI of IOP in high-altitude population from Xining, Qinghai is lower compared with normal altitude area.