Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for guiding the health management of postmenopausal women. Methods: From May 2023 to April 2024, the postmenopausal women aged 40 to 69 years in Pan'an County were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle and prevalence of gynecological diseases were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of menopausal syndrome was assessed by modified Kupperman Score Scale. Factors affecting menopausal syndrome were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 816 postmenopausal women were surveyed, with an mean age of (57.63±2.92) years and a mean natural menopause age of (49.85±2.13) years. There were 574 cases with menopausal syndrome, with a prevalence of 70.34%. Flashes and sweating, insomnia and irritability were common symptoms, accounting for 62.87%, 47.43% and 41.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that monthly personal income of ≤5 000 yuan (<3 000 yuan, OR=3.124, 95%CI: 1.829-5.335; 3 000-5 000 yuan, OR=2.399, 95%CI: 1.370-4.201) and having gynecological diseases (OR=1.970, 95%CI: 1.292-3.004) were associated with a higher risk of menopausal syndrome, while average (OR=0.141, 95%CI: 0.072-0.276) or sufficient sleep quality (OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.049-0.185) were associated with a lower risk of menopausal syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County is relatively high, and is mainly influenced by personal economic status, sleep quality and the presence of gynecological diseases.

The cooccurrence of NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and DNMT3A mutations (i.e., triple mutation) is related to dismal prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving chemotherapy alone. In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we aimed to identify whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) could overcome the poor prognosis of DNMT3A^mutNPM1^mutFLT3-ITD^mut AML across four transplant centers in China. Fifty-three patients with triple-mutated AML receiving allo-HSCT in complete remission were enrolled. The 1.5-year probabilities of relapse, leukemia-free survival, and overall survival after allo-HSCT were 11.9%, 80.3%, and 81.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that more than one course of induction chemotherapy and allo-HSCT beyond CR1 were associated with poor survival. To our knowledge, this work is the largest study to explore the up-to-date undefined role of allo-HSCT in patients with triple-mutated AML. Our real-world data suggest that allo-HSCT could overcome the poor prognosis of DNMT3A^mutNPM1^mutFLT3-ITD^mut in AML.
Humans ; Nucleophosmin ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods* ; Male ; Female ; DNA Methyltransferase 3A ; Adult ; China ; Retrospective Studies ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics* ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics* ; Mutation ; Young Adult ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics* ; Adolescent ; Aged

Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) refer to a class of highly abundant and functionally important non-coding small RNAs that are localized in the eukaryotic nucleus. These snRNAs are highly conserved in different eukaryotes during evolution and form complexes with specific chaperones to fulfill critical biological functions, including precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modification. Consequently, the regulation of snRNA gene expression is a crucial biological process for plants. In plants, the transcription and processing of snRNAs are regulated by RNA polymerase (Pol), snRNA-activating protein complex (SNAPc), defective in snRNA processing (DSP), and specific cis-elements in the snRNA promoter regions. Proper regulation of snRNA expression is essential for normal plant growth, development, and stress responses. This review summarizes the classification, structures, transcriptional regulation, and biological functions of plant snRNA genes, while outlining future research directions for snRNAs.
RNA, Small Nuclear/physiology* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcription, Genetic ; Plants/metabolism* ; RNA, Plant/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the induction effect of different concentrations of glucose on the polarization of Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro.Methods:The Raw264.7 cells cultured in DMEM medium were divided into control group(5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose),different high-glucose groups(15.0,25.0,35.0,and 45.0 mmol·L-1 glucose),and positive control group[lipopolysaccharide(LPS)].The cells were cultured for 3,6,and 9 h,respectively.Cell morphology was observed in various groups.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to assess the survival rates of cells in various groups.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-10(IL-10)mRNA in cells in various groups.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-10 in the cell supernatants in various groups.Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of M1 and M2 macrophage markers,CD86+and CD163+cells,in various groups.Results:In control group,theRaw264.7 cells adhered to the culture dish,with a predominantly round morphology.The cells in 35.0 mmol·L-1 high-glucose group and positive control group showed elongated shapes and pseudopodium formation,indicating inflammatory changes.Compared with control group,the survival rates in different high-glucose groups at 6,12,24,and 48 h after treatment were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,after 3 h of treatment,the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA in the cells in 35.0 mmol·L-1 high-glucose group were increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while no significant changes were observed in IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-10 levels in the cell supernatants(P＞0.05);after 6 h of treatment,the expression level of TNF-α mRNA in the cells in 35.0 mmol·L-1 high-glucose group was increased(P＜0.001),and the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-10 in the cell supernatants were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001);after 3 h of treatment,the percentages of macrophage markers CD86+cells and CD163+cells in 35.0 mmolL-1 high-glucose group were significantly increased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.001).Conclusion:A certain high concentration of glucose may induce the polarization of Raw264.7 macrophages towards the M1 subtype in vitro.

Hypoglycemic drugs are an important means of treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.However,poor,ineffective and even adverse drug reactions often occur in clinical treatment.With the develop-ment of pharmacogenomics,the link between individual genetic variation and drug dose and treatment re-sponse is becoming clearer,resulting in better efficacy and fewer adverse reactions for patients.This article fo-cuses on hypoglycemic drugs and reviews the latest advances in pharmacogenomics,so as to provide references for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes and prevention of corresponding complications until the realiza-tion of precision medicine

Objective To detect the expression of cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6(COA6)in breast cancer,study its clinical significance,and analyze the effect of COA6 on immune infiltration in breast cancer.Methods Differential genes were screened by the whole transcriptome sequencing and the expression of COA6 was explored with TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas Program)database.The tissues of 125 breast cancer and adjacent tissues were stained by immunohistochemistry to detect COA6 protein expression and analyze the correlation with clinical features.The COA6 mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer cells and tissues were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The TIMER(Tumor Immune Estimation Resource)database was used to analyze the correlation between high COA6 gene expression and immune cell infiltration.Results The positive expression rate of COA6 in breast cancer tissues was 88％(110/125),which was higher than that of paracarinoma tissues(7.2％,9/125)(P＜0.05)and was positively correlated with tumor size and histological grade.In fresh breast cancer tissues,COA6 protein expression was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues.Both COA6 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in the breast cancer cell lines.COA6 was positively cor-related with the infiltration of helper T cells,NK cells,CD8+T cells,M1 type macrophages,regulatory T cells,dendritic cells,and memory CD4+T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Conclusions The expression level of COA6 is increased in breast cancer and is positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration,which provides a po-tential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease, mediated by pathogenic T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, the therapeutic effect is accompanied by the fluctuation of the proportion and function of Th17 cells, which prompted us to find the key regulator of Th17 differentiation in MS. Here, we demonstrated that the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2), a modulator of pattern recognition receptors on innate immune cells, was highly expressed on pathogenic CD4-positive T lymphocyte (CD4⁺ T) cells in both patients with MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models. Conditional knockout of Trem-2 in CD4⁺ T cells significantly alleviated the disease activity and reduced Th17 cell infiltration, activation, differentiation, and inflammatory cytokine production and secretion in EAE mice. Furthermore, with Trem-2 knockout in vivo experiments and in vitro inhibitor assays, the TREM-2/zeta-chain associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal axis was essential for Th17 activation and differentiation in EAE progression. In conclusion, TREM-2 is a key regulator of pathogenic Th17 in EAE mice, and this sheds new light on the potential of this therapeutic target for MS.
Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology* ; Cell Differentiation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Th1 Cells/pathology*

Objective To analyze the imaging manifestations of malignant transformation of ovarian mature teratoma.Methods The clinical data and CT and MRI imaging findings of four patients confirmed as malignant transformation of ovarian mature teratoma by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The following imaging features were assessed:size,shape,texture,enhancement degree and pattern,et al.Results Among the four cases,three lesions were located in the left ovary and one in the right ovary.The minimum size and maximum size were 87 mm×80 mm×87 mm and 171 mm×141 mm×215 mm,respectively.All of the lesions showed as round-like or ovoid cystic masses with fat-fluid level(4/4),and floating mixed density or signal masses(2/4).The demonstrated local thickening of the cyst wall(2/4)and/or soft mass growing across the wall(3/4),with significant inhomogeneous enhancement(2/3).Conclusion The malignant transformation of ovarian mature teratoma often presents as a cystic mass with fat-fluid level,and local thickening or soft mass of the cyst wall,with significant enhancement.It should be considered in the elderly patients with abnormal tumor markers and above imaging features.

At present, the research on Global Health Competencies is mainly conducted in the field of the establishment of competency models and application of indicators. This review summarizes the research progress of the Global Health Competency and its models, and focuses on cutting-edge research from the aspects of target audience, purpose, content, classical model, methods and future development. The competency model is suggested to be adjusted and updated according to the practices of different countries and regions. The research and funding of the competency model in the field of public health is suggested to be strengthened, and the global health and diplomacy are suggested to be combined to enrich and improve the competency model. Finally, this review aims to promote Global Health Competencies research in China, especially to improve the global health talent training system and relevant policies in further research.

Objectives:To investigate the safety and efficacy of concomitant mitral valvuloplasty(MVP)and implantation of domestic third-generation magnetically levitated Corheart 6 left ventricular assist device(LVAD). Methods:Clinical data of 13 end-stage heart failure patients who underwent Corheart 6 LVAD implantation and MVP at Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Mortality and complication events during hospitalization and at follow-up were collected,and changes in myocardial injury biomarkers,renal function,hemodynamics,and echocardiographic indices were observed. Results:There were no perioperative deaths and no MVP-related complications in these patients.During a mean follow-up of(14.2±5.6)months,2 patients died due to COVID-19 pneumonia and cardiac arrest respectively,11 cases(84.6%)survived.There were no recurrences of moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation in the survived patients.Compared with preoperative value,higher cardiac output,lower central venous pressure,pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP),and mean pulmonary artery pressure(PAMP)were evidenced at 24 h and 72 h postoperatively,estimated glomerular filtration rate was also reduced at 1 week post operation(all P<0.010).High-sensitive troponin T level was significantly increased at 1 week post operation and then reduced at 1 month post operation,but still not returned to pre-operative level([125.5±281.9]pg/ml at baseline,[1 295.6±654.6]pg/ml at 1 week post operation and[278.0±300.5]pg/ml at 1 month post operation).Echocardiography showed that compared with preoperative period,the left ventricular ejection fraction tended to be higher at 1 and 6 months postoperatively(both P>0.017),whereas left ventricular end-diastolic dimension,PASP,and PAMP were significantly reduced(all P<0.010). Conclusions:Domestic third-generation magnetically levitated Corheart 6 LVAD implantation with concomitant MVP is safe and feasible,there is no recurrence of moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation,a significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressure,and significant hemodynamic improvement in early to mid-term postoperatively are observed in survived patients.