ObjectiveTo construct a vaccine literacy evaluation system for community adults and to provide a basis for developing vaccine literacy measurement tools. MethodsThe initial pool of vaccine literacy indicators was developed through a systematic literature review and group discussions, with reference to existing scales. Experts in immunization programs, disease control, epidemiology and related fields were invited to participate in two rounds of Delphi consultations. Indicators were screened and refined using importance scores, coefficients of variation, and full-score rates to form the evaluation system. Subsequently, selected indicators were converted into questionnaire items, and a convenience sample of community residents was surveyed for preliminary reliability and validity testing. ResultsA total of 25 experts participated in the consultation. The effective response rates for the two rounds of questionnaires were 100.00% and 92.00%, respectively, and the expert authority coefficient was 0.90. Kendall’s concordance coefficients (Kendall’s W) for the two rounds were 0.386 and 0.413, respectively (both P<0.001). In the second round, the overall scores for the indicators ranged from 4.04 to 5.00, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0 to 0.25. After two rounds of expert consultation and revision, a vaccine literacy evaluation index system was established, comprising 53 indicators across five dimensions, including knowledge, ability, decision-making, vaccine-specific literacy, and recommendation literacy. Selected Likert-scaled items were converted into a questionnaire for preliminary reliability and validity analyses among residents. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.850, and the KMO value was 0.91. Exploratory factor analyses identified three common factors, explaining 54.8% of the total variance, with all factor loadings above 0.4. ConclusionThe vaccine literacy evaluation index system for community adults in Shanghai, developed in this study, can serve as a reference for comprehensive assessment of population vaccine literacy, community vaccine health education, and improvement of immunization services.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and potential influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly populations in Zhejiang Province.Methods:Data were obtained from Zhejiang Provincial Household Economic Status Survey, a cross-sectional survey was condcuted in middle-aged and olde adults selected through multi-stage sampling in three cities in Zhejiang (Huzhou, Jiaxing and Shaoxing) in July 2023. A total of 3 019 study participants, average age 62.3 years old, 53.5% men, were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sarcopenia screening was conducted by using the questionnaire with five sarcopenia related-items. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with sarcopenia.Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia in the middle-aged and old study participants was 4.47%. Significant differences were observed between the participants with or without sarcopenia in terms of age, educational level, BMI, alcohol consumption status, diet habit, physical activity level, sleep quality, number of chronic diseases, childhood socioeconomic status, adulthood community socioeconomic status, muscle strength, walking assistance, ability to stand from seat, ability to climb stairs, and fall frequency ( P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that old age (≥75 years: OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.60-4.97), low body weight ( OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62), unhealthy diet habit ( OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.46), physical inactivity ( OR=5.80, 95% CI: 3.09-10.88), poor or very poor sleep quality ( OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.23-2.41), number of chronic diseases (1 chronic disease: OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.08-3.14; 2 chronic diseases: OR=3.22, 95% CI: 1.81-5.71; 3 or more chronic diseases: OR=3.74, 95% CI: 2.11-6.65), poor childhood socioeconomic status ( OR=2.98, 95% CI: 1.23-7.20), and poor adulthood community socioeconomic status ( OR=3.87, 95% CI: 1.63-9.17) were significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Conclusions:The prevalence of sarcopenia was relatively low in middle-aged and old population in Zhejiang. Age, BMI, unhealthy diet, physical activity level, sleep quality, number of chronic diseases, childhood socioeconomic status, and adulthood community socioeconomic status were identified as significant influencing factors.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and potential influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly populations in Zhejiang Province.Methods:Data were obtained from Zhejiang Provincial Household Economic Status Survey, a cross-sectional survey was condcuted in middle-aged and olde adults selected through multi-stage sampling in three cities in Zhejiang (Huzhou, Jiaxing and Shaoxing) in July 2023. A total of 3 019 study participants, average age 62.3 years old, 53.5% men, were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sarcopenia screening was conducted by using the questionnaire with five sarcopenia related-items. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with sarcopenia.Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia in the middle-aged and old study participants was 4.47%. Significant differences were observed between the participants with or without sarcopenia in terms of age, educational level, BMI, alcohol consumption status, diet habit, physical activity level, sleep quality, number of chronic diseases, childhood socioeconomic status, adulthood community socioeconomic status, muscle strength, walking assistance, ability to stand from seat, ability to climb stairs, and fall frequency ( P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that old age (≥75 years: OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.60-4.97), low body weight ( OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62), unhealthy diet habit ( OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.46), physical inactivity ( OR=5.80, 95% CI: 3.09-10.88), poor or very poor sleep quality ( OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.23-2.41), number of chronic diseases (1 chronic disease: OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.08-3.14; 2 chronic diseases: OR=3.22, 95% CI: 1.81-5.71; 3 or more chronic diseases: OR=3.74, 95% CI: 2.11-6.65), poor childhood socioeconomic status ( OR=2.98, 95% CI: 1.23-7.20), and poor adulthood community socioeconomic status ( OR=3.87, 95% CI: 1.63-9.17) were significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Conclusions:The prevalence of sarcopenia was relatively low in middle-aged and old population in Zhejiang. Age, BMI, unhealthy diet, physical activity level, sleep quality, number of chronic diseases, childhood socioeconomic status, and adulthood community socioeconomic status were identified as significant influencing factors.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating chronic insomnia disorder based on Huang Yuanyu's theory of"central qi ascending and descending,harmony of the four dimensions"regarding visceral qi movement.Methods Sixty patients diagnosed with chronic insomnia disorder at the Preventive Treatment Department of Yangjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2022 to February 2023.The patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group according to a random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The observation group received acupuncture therapy,while the control group received oral administration of Alprazolam Tablets.The treatment duration spanned 4 weeks with 1 course per week.Clinical efficacy was evaluated after 1 month,and the changes in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores were observed.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)scores were compared between groups before and after treatment.Results(1)After treatment,the PSQI scores of the two groups of patients were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the PSQI scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the HAMA scores and HAMD scores in the two groups of patients were significantly improved(P＜0.05),an the observation group in improvement of HAMA and HAMD was significantly superior to the control group,with statistically statistical significance(P＜0.05).(3)The total effective rate was 83.33%(25/30)in the observation group and 70.00%(21/30)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture based on the ascending and descending of visceral qi movement theory significantly alleviates anxiety and depressive states while improving sleep quality in patients with chronic insomnia disorder,demonstrating notable clinical efficacy.

AIM:To investigate the effects of sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS)on hexokinase 2(HK2)-nucleo-tide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)-gasdermin D(GSDMD)pathway and pyroptosis in-duced by lung ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)in rats.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups:control group,control+NaHS group,I/R group,low-dose NaHS+I/R(L+I/R)group,medium-dose NaHS+I/R(M+I/R)group,and high-dose NaHS+I/R(H+I/R)group,with 6 rats in each group.The NaHS was administered via intraperi-toneal injection at 1.5 mL,30 min before modeling.The left lung tissues were collected 30 min after ischemia and 1 h af-ter reperfusion,and the wet/dry weight ratio and total lung water content were recorded.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to examine lung tissue morphological changes.The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),myeloperoxidase(MPO)and lactate in lung tissues were measured with test kits.ELISA was employed to determine the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18.The expression of glycolysis-and pyroptosis-related indicators was analyzed by Western blot,qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:Compared with control group,the rats in NaHS group showed no signifi-cant differences in all laboratory tests(P>0.05).The rats in I/R group exhibited significant lung injury,oxidative stress,increased lactate level,and up-regulated glycolysis and pyroptosis(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with I/R group,the indicators in L+I/R group showed a downward trend(P<0.01)or no difference(P>0.05),while those in M+I/R group dis-played a significant reduction(P<0.05 or P<0.01).However,the indexes in H+I/R group exhibited no significant dif-ferences in these tests(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:A moderate dose(56 μmol·L-1·kg-1)of NaHS mitigated the oc-currence of pyroptosis by inhibiting the HK2-NLRP3-GSDMD pathway,thus contributing to the attenuation of lung I/R in-jury in rats.

Objective:We aimed to develop a novel visualized model based on nomogram to predict postoperative overall survival.Methods:This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study, including participants with histologically confirmed gastric and colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery from 11 medical centers in China from August 1, 2015 to June 30, 2018. Baseline characteristics, histopathological data and nutritional status, as assessed using Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score and the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and Cox regression were used to identify variables to be included in the predictive model. Internal and external validations were performed.Results:There were 681 and 127 patients in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. A total of 188 deaths were observed over a median follow-up period of 59 (range: 58 to 60) months. Two independent predictors of NRS 2002 and Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage were identified and incorporated into the prediction nomogram model together with the factor of age. The model's concordance index for 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival was 0.696, 0.724, and 0.738 in the training cohort and 0.801, 0.812, and 0.793 in the validation cohort, respectively.Conclusions:In this study, a new nomogram prediction model based on NRS 2002 score was developed and validated for predicting the overall postoperative survival of patients with gastric colorectal cancer. This model has good differentiation, calibration and clinical practicability in predicting the long-term survival rate of patients with gastrointestinal cancer after radical surgery.

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of the exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 on hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs).METHODS:Rat PASMCs in optimal growth condition were used.Once the cell density reached 60%～70%,the cells were serum starved for 24 h.The cells were then randomly divided into four groups:normal group,normal+GYY4137 group,hypoxia group,and hypoxia+GYY4137 group.A CCK-8 assay was used to determine the safe concentration range of GYY4137 that exerted no adverse effects on normal cells,and the optimal concentration of GYY4137 to inhibit hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs was identified.EdU staining was employed to assess PASMCs proliferation in each group.Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and proteins related to glycolysis and pyroptosis in PASMCs.Lactic acid content was quantified using a lactic acid assay kit.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the pro-tein expression of hexokinase 2(HK2)and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)in PASMCs,and the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 in PASMCs were measured using ELISA.RESULTS:The effective concentration of GYY4137 in inhibiting hypoxia-induced viability of PAMSCs was 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the hypoxia group,the hypoxia+GYY4137 group showed a significant decrease in PCNA protein expression(P＜0.05),reduced PAMSCs proliferation(P＜0.01),decreased HK2 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2(PKM2)protein expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),increased pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)protein expression(P＜0.05),and reduced lac-tic acid content(P＜0.01).Additionally,the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was significantly decreased(P＜0.015,P＜0.01),and immunofluorescence revealed a significant decrease in HK2 and NLRP3 expression(P＜0.01).ELISA results showed that IL-1β and IL-18 protein levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLU-SION:GYY4137 inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat PASMCs by regulating glycolysis and pyroptosis.

Objective: The characteristics and differences of the general notice between the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia were investigated to provide references and suggestions for the compilation of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Methods: From the perspective of frame structure and main contents, the general notice between the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was compared.
Results: Each volume of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia had its general notice, including 34 to 48 items and 10 to 12 chapters based on different varieties collected in each volume. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia had 49 items not arranged by chapters. There are many differences on the general notice between the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, such as the definitions and expressions of names, determination of appearance, revision rules, risk assessment and quality control conception. The framework of the general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia was clear, the content was specific and the operation was friendly. The term description of the general notice in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia was concise, and some terms need to be implemented under the guidance of professional knowledge.
Conclusion: In light of comparative study, every volume’s general notice of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has its own characteristics. By integrating advanced analytical technique, combining the requirements with laws and regulations, and optimizing content and terms, all volume’s general notice could be explored to be coordinated and unified.

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of the exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 on hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs).METHODS:Rat PASMCs in optimal growth condition were used.Once the cell density reached 60%～70%,the cells were serum starved for 24 h.The cells were then randomly divided into four groups:normal group,normal+GYY4137 group,hypoxia group,and hypoxia+GYY4137 group.A CCK-8 assay was used to determine the safe concentration range of GYY4137 that exerted no adverse effects on normal cells,and the optimal concentration of GYY4137 to inhibit hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs was identified.EdU staining was employed to assess PASMCs proliferation in each group.Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and proteins related to glycolysis and pyroptosis in PASMCs.Lactic acid content was quantified using a lactic acid assay kit.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the pro-tein expression of hexokinase 2(HK2)and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)in PASMCs,and the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 in PASMCs were measured using ELISA.RESULTS:The effective concentration of GYY4137 in inhibiting hypoxia-induced viability of PAMSCs was 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the hypoxia group,the hypoxia+GYY4137 group showed a significant decrease in PCNA protein expression(P＜0.05),reduced PAMSCs proliferation(P＜0.01),decreased HK2 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2(PKM2)protein expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),increased pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)protein expression(P＜0.05),and reduced lac-tic acid content(P＜0.01).Additionally,the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was significantly decreased(P＜0.015,P＜0.01),and immunofluorescence revealed a significant decrease in HK2 and NLRP3 expression(P＜0.01).ELISA results showed that IL-1β and IL-18 protein levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLU-SION:GYY4137 inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat PASMCs by regulating glycolysis and pyroptosis.

Objective:To compare the differences in the prevalence of mild micro-hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among patients with cirrhosis by using the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and the Stroop smartphone application (Encephal App) test.Methods:This prospective, multi-center, real-world study was initiated by the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases and the Portal Hypertension Alliance and registered with International ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05140837). 354 cases of cirrhosis were enrolled in 19 hospitals across the country. PHES (including digital connection tests A and B, digital symbol tests, trajectory drawing tests, and serial management tests) and the Stroop test were conducted in all of them. PHES was differentiated using standard diagnostic criteria established by the two studies in China and South Korea. The Stroop test was evaluated based on the criteria of the research and development team. The impact of different diagnostic standards or methods on the incidence of MHE in patients with cirrhosis was analyzed. Data between groups were differentiated using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test. A kappa test was used to compare the consistency between groups. Results:After PHES, the prevalence of MHE among 354 cases of cirrhosis was 78.53% and 15.25%, respectively, based on Chinese research standards and Korean research normal value standards. However, the prevalence of MHE was 56.78% based on the Stroop test, and the differences in pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (kappa = -0.064, P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the MHE prevalence in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C was 74.14%, 83.33%, and 88.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Chinese researchers, while the MHE prevalence rates in three groups of patients with Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C were 8.29%, 23.53%, and 38.24%, respectively, according to the normal value standards of Korean researchers. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of MHE in the three groups of patients with Child-Pugh grades A, B, and C were 52.68%, 58.82%, and 73.53%, respectively, according to the Stroop test standard. However, among the results of each diagnostic standard, the prevalence of MHE showed an increasing trend with an increasing Child-Pugh grade. Further comparison demonstrated that the scores obtained by the number connection test A and the number symbol test were consistent according to the normal value standards of the two studies in China and South Korea ( Z = -0.982, -1.702; P = 0.326, 0.089), while the other three sub-tests had significant differences ( P < 0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence rate of MHE in the cirrhotic population is high, but the prevalence of MHE obtained by using different diagnostic criteria or methods varies greatly. Therefore, in line with the current changes in demographics and disease spectrum, it is necessary to enroll a larger sample size of a healthy population as a control. Moreover, the establishment of more reliable diagnostic scoring criteria will serve as a basis for obtaining accurate MHE incidence and formulating diagnosis and treatment strategies in cirrhotic populations.