Objective To explore the feasibility and reference value of allogeneic lung transplantation and postoperative monitoring in miniature pigs for lung transplantation research. Methods Two miniature pigs (R1 and R2) underwent left lung allogeneic transplantation. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity tests and blood cross-matching were performed before surgery. The main operative times and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂) after opening the pulmonary artery were recorded during surgery. Postoperatively, routine blood tests, biochemical blood indicators and inflammatory factors were detected, and pathological examinations of multiple organs were conducted. Results The complement-dependent cytotoxicity test showed that the survival rate of lymphocytes between donors and recipients was 42.5%-47.3%, and no agglutination reaction occurred in the cross-matching. The first warm ischemia times of D1 and D2 were 17 min and 10 min, respectively, and the cold ischemia times were 246 min and 216 min, respectively. Ultimately, R1 and R2 survived for 1.5 h and 104 h, respectively. Postoperatively, in R1, albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) decreased, and alanine aminotransferase increased; in R2, ALB, GLB and aspartate aminotransferase all increased. Urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased in both recipients. Pathological results showed that in R1, the transplanted lung had partial consolidation with inflammatory cell infiltration, and multiple organs were congested and damaged. In R2, the transplanted lung had severe necrosis with fibrosis, and multiple organs had mild to moderate damage. The expression levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 increased in the transplanted lungs. Conclusions The allogeneic lung transplantation model in miniature pigs may systematically evaluate immunological compatibility, intraoperative function and postoperative organ damage. The data obtained may provide technical references for subsequent lung transplantation research.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that mitochondrial oxidative stress has an important role in the development of knee osteoarthritis,and Hemin can regulate the expression of mitochondria-related proteins. OBJECTIVE:To study the regulatory effect of Hemin on oxidative stress in mouse chondrocytes and its interventional effect and mechanism in knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:(1)In vitro cell experiment:Primary chondrocytes from C57BL/6 mice were extracted and induced with 10 ng/mL interleukin-1β to construct an in vitro chondrocyte model of osteoarthritis.The optimal concentration of Hemin(0,1,10,20,40,80,and 160 μmol/L)for the intervention in mouse chondrocytes was determined by cell counting kit-8 method.Chondrocytes were randomly divided into control group,model group(interleukin-1β)and Hemin group(interleukin-1β+Hemin).Reactive oxygen species,mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of chondrocytes in each group were detected.(2)In vivo experiment:Adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group(osteoarthritis)and Hemin group(osteoarthritis+Hemin),with eight mice in each group.After 4 weeks of Hemin treatment,the behavioral test and histopathological observation of the knee joint were performed in each group.Changes in extracellular matrix-related protein expression and apoptosis in chondrocytes and the expression level of Nrf2/HO-1 protein in cartilage tissue were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In vitro experiment:the optimal concentration of Hemin on primary chondrocytes was 40 μmol/L.Compared with the model group,the level of reactive oxygen species was significantly reduced,the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly improved,and the apoptosis of chondrocytes was reduced in the hemin-treated interleukin-1β-induced chondrocytes.In vivo experiment:After 4 weeks of treatment,compared with the model group,the lower limb function of mice in the Hemin group was significantly improved,the histopathological score was significantly improved,and the apoptosis of knee chondrocytes was significantly reduced.All these findings indicate that Hemin can alleviate oxidative stress,restore mitochondrial function and reduce apoptosis in mouse chondrocytes induced by interleukin-1β.Hemin can improve extracellular matrix degradation,promote chondrocyte anabolism,reduce catabolism and reduce chondrocyte apoptosis in knee osteoarthritis.It may act by activating the chondrocyte Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the inflammatory environment.

Lung transplantation is the ultimate therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary diseases such as interstitial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis. Currently, the shortage of allogeneic lung donors significantly limits the opportunity for end-stage lung disease patients to receive lung transplantation. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical engineering technologies, especially the major breakthroughs in genetic modification and cloning, xenogeneic lung transplantation has shown important potential for clinical translation. Among them, genetically modified pigs have become the most promising xenogeneic lung source due to the close similarity of organ size and physiological characteristics to humans, and the ability to perform targeted gene knockouts (such as α-Gal antigen knockout) to reduce the occurrence of hyperacute rejection. This article focuses on the research progress of porcine xenogeneic lung transplantation, systematically reviews the latest achievements and challenges in animal experiments and human trials, and introduces the technical experience accumulated by Shenzhen Third People's Hospital in the porcine-to-monkey xenogeneic lung transplantation model, in the hope of providing practical references for future research in this field.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the one-year outcomes of valve-in-valve transcatheter mitral valve replacement (ViV-TMVR) using SAPIEN 3 valve for treating mitral bioprosthetic valve failure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 26 patients with mitral bioprosthetic valve failure who underwent ViV-TMVR at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between November 2022 and July 2024. The age of patients was 71.5 (64.5, 74.5) years, and 69.2% were female. Bioprosthetic valve failure occurred at (9.7±3.7) years after initial surgical implantation, with the most common failure mode being mixed stenosis and regurgitation (53.8%). The SAPIEN 3 valve was implanted via either a transseptal or transapical approach. Echocardiography was performed preoperatively, immediately post-procedure, and at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year post-procedure. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)-12 score, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The procedure was performed via the transseptal approach in 21 patients (80.8%) and the transapical approach in 5 patients (19.2%). All procedures were technically successful. No paravalvular leakage was observed immediately post-procedure, and mitral valve hemodynamics improved significantly. At the 1-year follow-up, 2 patients had died. Two patients (8.3% of survivors) were of NYHA functional class Ⅲ, and KCCQ-12 score improved to (88.4±14.6) points (both P<0.01). Echocardio-graphy at 1 year postoperatively showed significant reductions in peak mitral valve velocity [to (2.29±0.32) m/s] and mean transvalvular pressure gradient [to (9.5±3.5) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa] compared to baseline (both P<0.05). No moderate or severe mitral regurgitation or paravalvular leakage was observed. The proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension decreased from 65.4% preoperatively to 13.0% at 1 year (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS ViV-TMVR with the SAPIEN 3 valve for mitral biopro-sthetic valve failure is associated with high procedural success, significantly improved valve hemodynamics of the mitral value, alleviation of pulmonary hypertension, enhanced quality of life, and a low rate of complications at 1 year after the operation.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Bioprosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Mitral Valve/surgery* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Treatment Outcome ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery*

Objective To investigate the efficacy of CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods A total of 132 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into control group and study group(66 cases in each group)according to different treatment plans.The control group received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)treatment,while the study group received TACE combined with percutaneous microwave ablation under CT guidance.The changes in serum tumor markers and liver function indicators were observed before and after treatment in the two groups,and the efficacy(short-and long-term)and safety of the two groups were compared.Results The levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)in both groups decreased significantly after treatment compared to those before treatment,and intergroup comparison showed that the levels of CEA,AFP,CA125,and CA1 9-9 in the study group were significantly lower those after treatment(P＜0.05).Compared with those before treatment,the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT)and aspartate transaminase(AST)were decreased,and the level of albumin(ALB)was increased of both groups after treatment.The intergroup comparison showed that the study groups ALT and AST levels were lower and ALB level was higher(P＜0.05).The total effective rate of the study group was clearly higher than that of the control group(75.76％vs 46.97％,P＜0.05).The 1-year survival rates of the two groups were similar(90.91％vs 81.82％,P＞0.05),however,the 2-year survival rate of the study group was clearly higher than that of the control group(84.85％vs 63.64％,P＜0.05).Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for the adjuvant TACE treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma can effectively reduce tumor burden and lower tumor marker levels,its short-and long-term efficacy is significant,with a low incidence of adverse reactions and good safety.

Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the brain,accounting for 81%of central nervous system(CNS)malignant tumors.The degree of malignancy is high,and the current treatment methods are limited.In recent years,with the in-depth study of intestinal flora and brain-gut axis,it has been found that the diversity of gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of glioma.The mechanism is that the intestinal flora affects the development of glioma through the role of immune regulation and metabolites.In addition,it has been con-firmed that there is a certain correlation between some probiotics and glioma,which provides a new application prospect for the treatment of glioma.This paper discusses the main intestinal bacteria that regulate gliomas as well as the role and regulatory mechanisms of intestinal flora in the development of gliomas,and provides ideas for the discovery of new targets for glioma treatment and further improvement of treatment options.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of complications after CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy(PTNB)in the plateau environment.Methods A total of 858 patients who underwent CT-guided PTNB were selected,and the clini-cal data of patients,imaging features of lesions,information related to puncture operation,complications,and pathological results were analyzed retrospectively,then the independent risk factors of postoperative pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage were summarized.Results Among 858 patients with lung biopsy,816 cases(95.1％)were successfully sampled,including 203 cases(23.7％)in the pneumothorax and 140 cases(16.3％)in the pulmonary hemorrhage.The statistical analysis results of the pneumo-thorax revealed significant differences in lesion location and lesion size(P＜0.05).The statistical analysis results of the pulmonary hemorrhage showed significant differences in lesion location,lesion size,puncture angle and puncture depth(P＜0.05).Independent risk factors affecting pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage were illustrated in a forest plot.Conclusion Because the oxygen partial pressure and climate temperature are relatively low in the plateau environment,the cardiopulmonary function of patients will be affected by the living environment.Therefore,on the premise of ensuring the success rate of CT-guided PTNB,the optimal path and timing should be selected to reduce the risk of complications.

Objective:To systematically retrieve, evaluate, and summarize evidence on insomnia screening and assessment in adult malignant tumor patients.Methods:The clinical decisions, guidelines, and expert consensus on screening and assessing insomnia in malignant tumor patients were systematically searched in clinical decision support systems, guideline websites, literature databases, and professional association websites. This study conducted methodological quality evaluation and evidence extraction, translation, and integration.Results:A total of 8 articles were included, including three clinical decisions, two evidence-based guidelines, and three expert consensuses. After extracting and summarizing evidence, 38 pieces of evidence were obtained from three aspects of general management principles, insomnia screening, and insomnia assessment.Conclusions:The insomnia screening and assessment in adult malignant tumor patients should be standardized according to evidence-based standards and combined with specific clinical situations in China.

Aim To investigate the effects of naringenin on atherosclerotic plaque extracellular matrix remodeling and plaque stability.Methods Murine vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated and treated with various doges of naringenin.ApoE-/-mice were fed with high-fat diet and received naringenin by lavage for 16 weeks.Intraplaque nec-rotic core,contents of collagen and fibrous cap thickness were measured by Sirius red-Haematoxylin staining.Elastin was detected by Van Gieson staining.Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)activity was determined by gelatin zymography and fluorescence-gelatin staining.Results Naringenin(50 μmol/L)increased signal tansducer and activator of transciption 6(STAT6)phosphorylation and promoted tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3(TIMP-3)expression by 3.1-fold(P＜0.001).After naringenin(80 mg/kg)treatment,compared with the control group,the area of plaque necrotic core in aor-tic root decreased by 53％(P＜0.01),the thickness of fibrous caps increased by nearly 50％(P＜0.05),and the degree of elastic fiber degradation decreased.At the same time,naringenin promoted the expression of TIMP-3 in plaques,and corre-spondingly reduced the activity of MMP in plaques.Lentivirus mediated inhibition of TIMP-3 expression in vivo could reduce the protective effect of naringenin on plaque stability.Conclusion Naringin can increase the expression of TIMP-3 in smooth muscle cells,improve the composition of extracellular matrix,and promote the stability of atherosclerotic plaque.

Objective:To explore the research status and hotspots of Shenling Baizhu Powder by using bibliometrics methods.Methods:The journal literature related to Shenling Baizhu Powder was retrieved by computer from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data and CBM from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. NoteExpress 3.2 was used to merge and deduplicate, and the authors, institutions and keywords were analyzed visually by using VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.R6.Results:A total of 2 695 journal articles were included, and the annual number of articles showed an upward trend. The source journal with the most relevant articles was Chinese Clinical Research (72 articles). The main treatment diseases were digestive system diseases and respiratory system diseases. The author with most publications was Yang Qinhe (15 articles) from Jinan University. Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine published the most articles (51 articles). In addition to search terms, the top three high-frequency keywords were clinical efficacy, TCM therapy and diarrhea. Keyword cluster analysis showed that the main research contents were applicable diseases, treatment methods, treatment principles, experimental models and literature types.Conclusion:Shenling Baizhu Powder mainly focuses on the treatment of digestive system diseases and respiratory system diseases in clinical application research, and the mechanism research focuses on immune function and intestinal flora.