Purpose To investigate the sex differences of white matter damage in Alzheimer's disease(AD)and their association with cognitive impairment.Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 88 AD patients(48 females),71 amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI)patients(39 females),and 95 healthy controls(63 females)recruited from the Memory Disorder Clinic at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from September 2017 to July 2024.High-resolution three-dimensional T1 structure images and diffusion tensor imaging images were all obtained from each participant.The mean diffusivity(MD)and fractional anisotropy(FA)values of each white matter region were obtained,and the two-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to investigate brain regions with interaction effects between groups and sexes,those brain regions were then chosen as regions of interest for further correlation analysis with a series of cognitive scale scores.Results In terms of FA values,the right posterior corona radiata,right anterior limb of the internal capsule and left corticospinal tract showed interaction between sexes and cognitive groups(F=4.764,3.812,5.937,all P<0.05).The FA value of AD group was significantly lower than that of healthy control and aMCI group(all P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between healthy control and aMCI group(except the right anterior limb of the internal capsule,P=0.018).In AD group,FA values were significantly higher in women than in men in the previously described brain regions(all P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in FA values between male and female in healthy control and aMCI groups(except the left corticospinal tract,P<0.001).In terms of MD values,the right anterior limb of the internal capsule,right superior corona radiata and left external capsule showed interaction effect between sexes and cognitive groups(F=8.581,3.680,7.218,all P<0.05).The MD value of AD group was significantly higher than that of aMCI group(P<0.001),and aMCI group was higher than that of healthy control group(all P<0.05).In AD group,the MD values in the above brain regions were significantly higher in males than those in females(all P<0.01),while no significant difference was found between males and females in healthy control and aMCI groups(except for the left external capsule,P<0.05).For correlation analysis,the AD group was dimidiated into two groups by sex,the scores of the Montreal cognitive assessment,the Mini Mental state examination and the verbal fluency test of the female patient group were positively correlated with the FA values of the right posterior corona radiate(r=0.372,P=0.009;r=0.345,P=0.016;r=0.383,P=0.007),while the Mini Mental state examination and the verbal fluency test scores of female AD patient group were negatively correlated with the MD values of the right superior corona radiata(r=-0.360,P=0.012;r=-0.360,P=0.003).Conclusion Compared to the healthy control and MCI groups,white matter damage in AD patients shows sex differences and is associated with general cognitive and language functions impairment in female AD patients.

Objective:To explore how the teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities can effectively guide online public opinion under the background of melted media,so as to cope with the challenges posed by diversified information transmission channels and complex and changeable online public opinion,thereby promoting the formation of correct values and ideological cognition among students.Methods:A total of 1 353 students who volunteered to participate in this survey in a university that offers courses related to online public opinion guidance were selected as the survey subjects.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze how universities should teach students to deal with online hot topics through relevant ideological and political courses.Results:Results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities under the background of melted media significantly enhanced students'awareness of online public opinion,and the courses played a positive role in the guidance.The improvement of media literacy facilitated the formation of students'correct values and ideological cognition,effectively responding to the challenges of diversified information dissemination.Variables including the infringement of personal privacy by online public opinion,the enhancement of civic consciousness,the impact on learning,and the distortion of reality understanding all had an impact on students'perception of the teaching effect of ideological and political courses.Conclusions:The teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities plays a significant role in guiding online public opinion under the background of melted media.By enhancing students'media literacy,discernment,and emotional management ability,it effectively promotes the formation of students'correct values and ideological ideological,and provides strong support for the healthy growth of students in the complex network environment.The important role of ideological and political teaching in cultivating students'comprehensive abilities and guiding them to correctly deal with online public opinion is emphasized.

Objective:To explore how the teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities can effectively guide online public opinion under the background of melted media,so as to cope with the challenges posed by diversified information transmission channels and complex and changeable online public opinion,thereby promoting the formation of correct values and ideological cognition among students.Methods:A total of 1 353 students who volunteered to participate in this survey in a university that offers courses related to online public opinion guidance were selected as the survey subjects.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze how universities should teach students to deal with online hot topics through relevant ideological and political courses.Results:Results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities under the background of melted media significantly enhanced students'awareness of online public opinion,and the courses played a positive role in the guidance.The improvement of media literacy facilitated the formation of students'correct values and ideological cognition,effectively responding to the challenges of diversified information dissemination.Variables including the infringement of personal privacy by online public opinion,the enhancement of civic consciousness,the impact on learning,and the distortion of reality understanding all had an impact on students'perception of the teaching effect of ideological and political courses.Conclusions:The teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities plays a significant role in guiding online public opinion under the background of melted media.By enhancing students'media literacy,discernment,and emotional management ability,it effectively promotes the formation of students'correct values and ideological ideological,and provides strong support for the healthy growth of students in the complex network environment.The important role of ideological and political teaching in cultivating students'comprehensive abilities and guiding them to correctly deal with online public opinion is emphasized.

Purpose To investigate the sex differences of white matter damage in Alzheimer's disease(AD)and their association with cognitive impairment.Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 88 AD patients(48 females),71 amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI)patients(39 females),and 95 healthy controls(63 females)recruited from the Memory Disorder Clinic at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from September 2017 to July 2024.High-resolution three-dimensional T1 structure images and diffusion tensor imaging images were all obtained from each participant.The mean diffusivity(MD)and fractional anisotropy(FA)values of each white matter region were obtained,and the two-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to investigate brain regions with interaction effects between groups and sexes,those brain regions were then chosen as regions of interest for further correlation analysis with a series of cognitive scale scores.Results In terms of FA values,the right posterior corona radiata,right anterior limb of the internal capsule and left corticospinal tract showed interaction between sexes and cognitive groups(F=4.764,3.812,5.937,all P<0.05).The FA value of AD group was significantly lower than that of healthy control and aMCI group(all P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between healthy control and aMCI group(except the right anterior limb of the internal capsule,P=0.018).In AD group,FA values were significantly higher in women than in men in the previously described brain regions(all P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in FA values between male and female in healthy control and aMCI groups(except the left corticospinal tract,P<0.001).In terms of MD values,the right anterior limb of the internal capsule,right superior corona radiata and left external capsule showed interaction effect between sexes and cognitive groups(F=8.581,3.680,7.218,all P<0.05).The MD value of AD group was significantly higher than that of aMCI group(P<0.001),and aMCI group was higher than that of healthy control group(all P<0.05).In AD group,the MD values in the above brain regions were significantly higher in males than those in females(all P<0.01),while no significant difference was found between males and females in healthy control and aMCI groups(except for the left external capsule,P<0.05).For correlation analysis,the AD group was dimidiated into two groups by sex,the scores of the Montreal cognitive assessment,the Mini Mental state examination and the verbal fluency test of the female patient group were positively correlated with the FA values of the right posterior corona radiate(r=0.372,P=0.009;r=0.345,P=0.016;r=0.383,P=0.007),while the Mini Mental state examination and the verbal fluency test scores of female AD patient group were negatively correlated with the MD values of the right superior corona radiata(r=-0.360,P=0.012;r=-0.360,P=0.003).Conclusion Compared to the healthy control and MCI groups,white matter damage in AD patients shows sex differences and is associated with general cognitive and language functions impairment in female AD patients.

Objective To analyze the treatment effects of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR)in 3 patients with cardiac arrest due to cardiac causes in a mountain area hospital,providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The combined treatment process of 3 patients with cardiogenic cardiac arrest admitted to Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County People's Hospital from January to December 2023 was retrospectively analyzed,and the treatment experience was summarized.Results All 3 patients underwent continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation while urgently initiating the ECPR combined rescue process.First,a central venous catheter(CVC)was established under ultrasound guidance to create access for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO).Once the ECMO equipment from a higher-level hospital arrived,the circuit was replaced,significantly reducing the time required for subsequent patient treatment.Finally,two patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent emergency coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)under ECMO support,resulting in the restoration of spontaneous cardiac rhythm and gradual stabilization of vital signs.The last patient was discharged after recovery following transfer to a higher-level hospital,while another patient received rehabilitation treatment after hemodynamic stability was achieved.The third patient,who experienced cardiac arrest due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,regained spontaneous rhythm after ECMO,but due to poor neurological recovery after transfer to a higher-level hospital,the family chose to withdraw treatment.Conclusions ECPR is a rapid extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation method for patients who cannot regain spontaneous rhythm or experience recurrent cardiac arrest.It aims to improve patient survival rates.In grassroots medical centers lacking the necessary conditions,early assistance from regional advanced medical centers can ensure rapid transfer and surgery under ECMO support,providing a guarantee for favorable patient outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the species and distribution of mosquito-borne arboviruses in the southeastern part of Gansu province.Methods:In 2023, mosquitoes were collected using ultraviolet lights in Longnan and Tianshui regions of Gansu province. After classification by morphology, about 50 are only 1 batch. RT-qPCR was used to detect the RNA of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Banna virus (BAV), Getah virus (GETV), Culex flavivirus (CxFV) and Tahyna virus (TAHV). The genomes of the positive samples were sequenced and the genetic evolution of the virus genomes were analyzed by bioinformatics software.Results:In total, there were 8 176 mosquitoes from 4 genera and 9 species collected from Longnan and Tianshui from June to August 2023. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the most common species with 55.80% (4 562/8 176) of the total mosquitoes collected, followed by 16.43% (1 343/8 176) of Culex pipiens pallens. A total of 263 batches of samples were obtained, and the nucleic acid test showed that 1 batch was positive for JEV, 2 batches were positive for BAV, 3 batches were positive for GETV and 25 batches were positive for CxFV. Conclusions:Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant mosquito species in the southeastern part of Gansu province, and local mosquitoes carried a variety of arboviruses.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and integrate the best evidence for early ambulation in patients undergoing open lumbar surgery.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in databases including UpToDate, British Medical Journal (BMJ) Best Practice, Guidelines International Network (GIN), The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO), Medlive, North American Spine Society (NASS), Best Practice in General Surgery Group from the University of Toronto, ERAS? Society, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, CNKI, and Wanfang. The search included literature on early ambulation post-open lumbar surgery, such as guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, recommended practices, systematic reviews, and high-quality original research. The search period was from January 1, 2014, to June 20, 2023. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted relevant data.Results:A total of 23 articles were included, comprising three guidelines, two systematic reviews, six expert consensus statements, seven randomized controlled trials, one quasi-experimental study, and four cohort studies. The evidence was categorized into six themes: multidisciplinary team collaboration, health education, facilitation measures, pre-activity assessment, activity content, and safety assurance, resulting in 25 evidence-based recommendations.Conclusions:This study summarizes 25 best evidence-based recommendations for early ambulation in patients undergoing open lumbar surgery. Healthcare providers are advised to apply these recommendations in clinical practice while considering the specific clinical context and individual patient differences. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to develop personalized early ambulation plans.

Polygoni multiflori radix praeparata is a processed product of Polygoni multiflori radix(Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.),and its main components include stilbene glycosides,anthraquinones,flavonoids,alkaloids,phenolic acids,etc.It has antioxidant,antianemic,anti-tumor,hypoglycemic,anti-inflammatory effects,etc,and is widely used in clinical practice.The processing technology is mainly stewinging with black bean juice,steaming,processing for 9 times and braising and simmering.After processing,the color deepens and the content of composition changes.By consulting domestic and foreign literature,the research on Polygoni multiflori radix praeparata is not comprehensive enough compared with Polygoni multiflori radix.Therefore,this paper mainly summarizes the processing technology,chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Polygoni multiflori radix preparata reported in the past 20 years,and provides a reference for further development of Polygoni multiflori radix preparata.

Objective To examine the relationship between the expressions of mismatch repair proteins,MutS homolog 2(MSH2)and MutS homolog 6(MSH6),and villin and the pathological features in patients with colon cancer.Methods A total of 310 cases of colon cancer patients who were treated at our hospital between January 2017 and September 2021 were selected.The diagnosis of colon cancer of all patients was verified by pathological evaluation.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the protein expressions of MSH2,MSH6,and villin.The correlation between the expressions of MSH2,MSH6,and villin and the clinicopathological parameters in patients with colon cancer was analyzed accordingly.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the expressions of MSH2,MSH6,and villin and the clinicopathological parameters of colon cancer.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the 2-year survival rates of colon cancer patients with different expression levels of the proteins.Results Among the 310 patients with colon cancer,the negative expression rates of MSH2,MSH6,and villin proteins in cancer tissues were 8.71％(27/310),9.35％(29/310),and 46.13％(143/310),respectively.The negative expression rates of the three proteins in tissues adjacent to cancer were 3.23％(10/310),4.19％(13/310),and 9.68％(30/310),respectively.The negative expression rates of the three proteins in cancer tissues were all higher than those in adjacent tissues(P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that the expression of MSH2 and MSH6 in cancer tissues was correlated with the age,the location of tumor lesions,tumor differentiation degree,and lymph node metastasis in colon cancer patients(P＜0.05).The expression of villin in the cancer tissue is correlated with the depth of tumor infiltration,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and clinical staging status in colon cancer patients(P＜0.05).The 2-year survival rates of patients with negative expressions of MSH2 and MSH6 were 51.85％and 44.83％,respectively,which were lower than those of patients with positive expression of MSH2 and MSH6(79.51％and 80.43％,P＜0.05).Thirteen patients(4.1％)had negative expression of MSH2,MSH6,and villin(referred to as"triple negative expressions")in the cancer tissues,and their 2-year survival rate was 30.77％,which was lower than that of colon cancer patients who did not meet the criteria for triple negative expressions(79.12％[235/297],P＜0.05).Conclusion The expressions of MSH2,MSH6,and villin are closely correlated with the pathological features of colon cancer patients.Evaluating the expression of the three proteins may assist in the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of colon cancer.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Gansu Province.Methods:The information of HFRS case data and rodent density monitoring data from 2012 to 2022 in Gansu Province were collected and epidemiological methods were used to analyze and investigate the characteristics of the epidemic focus.Results:A total of 869 cases of HFRS were reported, and four patients died from 2012 to 2022. The annual incidence rate is between 0.05 per 100 000 and 1.21 per 100 000. The cases were mainly distributed in the eastern, southeast, southern, and south of the central region of Gansu Province. Most cases were distributed between age 20-60, and the sex ratio was 1.85∶1 (564∶305). Most cases were farmers (61.80%, 537/869), herdsmen (19.79%,172/869) and students (6.33%, 55/869). In a wild rat-type epidemic focus,the incidence peak was from November to January of the following year. The natural rodent hosts of HFRS were Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Mus musculus. The hantaan virus carriage rates were 2.79% (21/754), 0.42% (5/1 179) and 0.31% (2/643),respectively. Three epidemic foci were defined: two derived from the Pingliang and Gannan prefecture new outbreaks epidemic foci, respectively, while the other was the residue of the Dingxi epidemic focus. Conclusions:The southern, south of the central region and eastern part of Gansu Province are current key HFRS epidemic foci dominated by Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Mus musculus, respectively. The virus genotype is hantaan virus. Case reporting areas should strengthen epidemic monitoring; the key epidemic areas should strengthen and implement various prevention and control measures to reduce the harm caused by HFRS.