Background Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the body, potentially leading to multi-systemic impairment. Compared with traditional statistical methods, machine learning techniques offer unique advantages, opening new avenues for occupational health risk assessment and the exploratory analysis of complex associations. Objective To examine the association between occupational lead exposure and multiple health indicators and to identify key risk factors for lead toxicity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, integrating occupational hygiene investigation results from 16 lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu Province with occupational health examination data from 1914 lead-exposed workers. Inter-group differences were analyzed using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. Binary logistic regression and machine learning algorithms [CatBoost, Naive Bayes model (NBM), and random forest (RF)] were employed to evaluate the association between blood lead (PbB), urine lead (PbU), and health indicators including blood pressure (BP), red blood cell count (RBC), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Results The prevalence of abnormal PbB and PbU were 14.52% and 9.35%, respectively. The risks of abnormal BP, RBC, and ALT were significantly increased in the population with high lead levels (P<0.05). PbB abnormalities were closely associated with gender, environmental lead concentration, wearing masks, smoking, and alcohol consumption (P<0.05). Regarding occupational hazards, workers exposed to lead dust had a 1.98-fold risk of PbU abnormality compared to those exposed to lead fumes. The plate coating and acid leaching process posed the highest risk for both PbB (OR=8.81) and PbU (OR=5.46) abnormalities compared with assembly process. Furthermore, the risks of PbB and PbU abnormalities were significantly elevated among workers with abnormal BP, RBC or ALT (P<0.05). Among the models, CatBoost performed best in predicting RBC abnormality (accuracy: 95.8%; precision: 44.9%; F1 score: 0.952; AUC: 0.981). Feature importance analysis identified PbB and PbU as the core factors affecting abnormal RBC and ALT, while RBC and ALT abnormalities as key features for predicting the risk of PbB and PbU abnormalities. Conclusion By integrating traditional statistical methods with machine learning, this study reveals a complex bidirectional association between occupational lead exposure and multiple health indicators, and identifies gender, job category, and environmental Pb concentration as the key factors influencing PbB abnormalities. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the implementation of precision occupational health management models.

Background Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the body, potentially leading to multi-systemic impairment. Compared with traditional statistical methods, machine learning techniques offer unique advantages, opening new avenues for occupational health risk assessment and the exploratory analysis of complex associations. Objective To examine the association between occupational lead exposure and multiple health indicators and to identify key risk factors for lead toxicity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, integrating occupational hygiene investigation results from 16 lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu Province with occupational health examination data from 1914 lead-exposed workers. Inter-group differences were analyzed using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. Binary logistic regression and machine learning algorithms [CatBoost, Naive Bayes model (NBM), and random forest (RF)] were employed to evaluate the association between blood lead (PbB), urine lead (PbU), and health indicators including blood pressure (BP), red blood cell count (RBC), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Results The prevalence of abnormal PbB and PbU were 14.52% and 9.35%, respectively. The risks of abnormal BP, RBC, and ALT were significantly increased in the population with high lead levels (P<0.05). PbB abnormalities were closely associated with gender, environmental lead concentration, wearing masks, smoking, and alcohol consumption (P<0.05). Regarding occupational hazards, workers exposed to lead dust had a 1.98-fold risk of PbU abnormality compared to those exposed to lead fumes. The plate coating and acid leaching process posed the highest risk for both PbB (OR=8.81) and PbU (OR=5.46) abnormalities compared with assembly process. Furthermore, the risks of PbB and PbU abnormalities were significantly elevated among workers with abnormal BP, RBC or ALT (P<0.05). Among the models, CatBoost performed best in predicting RBC abnormality (accuracy: 95.8%; precision: 44.9%; F1 score: 0.952; AUC: 0.981). Feature importance analysis identified PbB and PbU as the core factors affecting abnormal RBC and ALT, while RBC and ALT abnormalities as key features for predicting the risk of PbB and PbU abnormalities. Conclusion By integrating traditional statistical methods with machine learning, this study reveals a complex bidirectional association between occupational lead exposure and multiple health indicators, and identifies gender, job category, and environmental Pb concentration as the key factors influencing PbB abnormalities. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the implementation of precision occupational health management models.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment of "biaoben acupoint combination" on cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fission in the rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and explore its mechanism. METHODS: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group, an EA pretreatment group, an EA pretreatment + Compound C group and an EA pretreatment+ML385 group, 10 rats in each group. In the EA pretreatment, the EA pretreatment + Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, EA was delivered at bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6), "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Guanyuan" (CV4) for 20 min, with continuous wave and 2 Hz of frequency, 1 mA of current, once daily for consecutive 7 days. On day 8, in the EA pretreatment + Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, 30 min before model preparation, the intraperitoneal injection with Compound C (0.3 mg/kg) and ML385 (30 mg/kg) was administered respectively. Except in the sham-operation group, the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed to prepare MIRI rat model in the rest groups. In the sham-operation group, the thread was not ligated. After modeling, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic area was measured by flow cytometry, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was detected using xanthine oxidase method, and malondialdelyde (MDA) was detected using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) chromatometry. The morphology of myocardial tissue in the ischemic area was observed with HE staining, and the mitochondria ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes observed under transmission electron microscopy. Using immunofluorescence analysis, the positive expression of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), mitochondrial fission 1 protein antibody (Fis1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was detected; and with immunohistochemical method used, the protein expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor E2-associated factor2 (Nrf2) and Drp1 in the ischemic area was detected. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operation group, the content of ROS and MDA in the myocardial tissue of the ischemic area, and the positive expression of MFF, Fis1 and Drp1 increased in the model group (P<0.01); the content of SOD and the protein expression of AMRK and Nrf2 decreased (P<0.01), and the protein expression of Drp1 elevated (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the content of ROS and MDA in the myocardial tissue of the ischemic area, and the positive expression of MFF, Fis1 and Drp1 were dropped in the EA pretreatment group (P<0.01); the content of SOD and the protein expression of AMRK and Nrf2 rose (P<0.01), and the protein expression of Drp1 declined (P<0.01); and in the EA pretreatment+Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, the positive expression of MFF, Fis1 and Drp1, and the protein expression of Drp1 were all reduced (P<0.01). When compared with the EA pretreatment + Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, the content of ROS and MDA in the myocardial tissue of the ischemic area, and the positive expression of MFF, Fis1 and Drp1 were dropped in the EA pretreatment group (P<0.01); the content of SOD and the protein expression of AMRK and Nrf2 rose (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the protein expression of Drp1 decreased (P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, the EA pretreatment+Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, the cardiac muscle fiber rupture, cell swelling and mitochondrial disorders were obviously alleviated in the EA pretreatment group. The morphological changes were similar among the model group, the EA pretreatment+Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group. CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture pretreatment of "biaoben acupoint combination" attenuates myocardial injury in MIRI rats, probably through promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK and Nrf2, inhibiting the excessive mitochondrial fission induced by Drp1, and reducing mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial fragmentation and vacuolation.
Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology* ; Rats ; Acupuncture Points ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

The rich club, as a community of highly interconnected nodes, serves as the topological center of the network. However, the similarities and differences in how the rich club supports functional integration and segregation in the brain across different species remain unknown. In this study, we first detected and validated the rich club in the structural networks of mouse, monkey, and human brains using neuronal tracing or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data. Further, we assessed the role of rich clubs in functional integration, segregation, and balance using quantitative metrics. Our results indicate that the presence of a rich club facilitates whole-brain functional integration in all three species, with the functional networks of higher species exhibiting greater integration. These findings are expected to help to understand the relationship between brain structure and function from the perspective of brain evolution.
Animals ; Humans ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Mice ; Male ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Macaca ; Female ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Biological Evolution ; Adult ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Species Specificity ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)has been increasing year by year,with atherosclerosis(As)being the leading cause in terms of both incidnce and mortality for CVD in China.Traditional theories suggest that the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic CVD is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses caused by the accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).However,recent studies have demonstrated that perivascular adipose tissue(PVAT)can positively influence the occurrence and development of CVD through the vascular adventitia pathway.This article reviews the connection between PVAT and CVD,effective pathways for promoting CVD improve-ment,and the regulatory role of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)on PVAT,aiming to explore effective intervention targets for CVD.

Objective To explore the protective effects of pretreatment with the Mongolian medicine Jiruhen Gurigumu-7(JG-7)and Guangzao Sanwei Tang(GZ-3)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)in mice.Methods 60 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation(Sham)group,model(Model)group,compound danshen drip pill(CDDP)positive control group,JG-7 group,GZ-3 group,and 12 mice in each group to establish the MIRI model,and the H9C2 cells were randomly divided into Control(normoxic)group,H/R(hypoxia 6 h reoxygenation 14 h)group,H/R+JG-7 group,H/R+GZ-3 group.The mice in each group were tested for cardiac function indexes after 30 min of ischemia,24 h and 7 d of reperfusion,TTC staining to detect infarct area after 24 h of MIRI,HE staining to detect myocardial tissue structure and cellular morphology after 24 h of MIRI,TUNEL apoptosis kit to detect apoptosis of myocardial cells after 24 h of MIRI,Masson staining to detect myocardial fibrosis after 7 d of MIRI.Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta,serum was separated,and the indexes after oxidative stress of MIRI were detected in each group of mice,and the survival rate of H9C2 cells after H/R was detected in each group by CCK-8 method.Results The results of TTC showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 reduced the infarct area after 24 h of MIRI in mice.ELISA and kit assays proved that JG-7 and GZ-3 reduced creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(Creatinekinase-MB,CK-MB),Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.HE staining showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 improved myocardial pathology after MIRI 24 h.The results of TUNEL apoptosis assay showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 improved apoptosis in myocardial tissues 24 h after MIRI.Masson staining results showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 could reduce the area of myocardial tissue fibrosis after MIRI 7 d.CCK-8 assay results showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 could improve the cell survival rate after H/R in H9C2 cells.Conclusion Pre-treatment with Mongolian medicine Jiruhen Gurigumu-7 and Guangzao Sanwei Tang can reduce the damage caused after ischemia-reperfusion(I/R),decrease the area of myocardial infarction and fibrosis after I/R in mice,and protect the heart.

Objective To analyze the research status,hotspots,and trends of wearable devices in nursing applications both domestically and internationally.Methods Using China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,and Embase core databases as data sources,VOSviewer was used to visualize and analyze the publication time,keywords,and other relevant literature.Results Total of 428 articles were included,including 196 Chinese articles and 232 English articles.The overall publication volume showed an upward trend.Domestic research focuses on chronic diseases,artificial intelligence,and nursing,with the main research subjects being the elderly;Foreign research focuses on smart devices,self-monitoring,and quality of life,with the main research subjects being adults.Conclusion Currently,the number of publications on the application of wearable devices in nursing is relatively small,but the overall research heat is on the rise,mainly used for chronic diseases and self-monitoring.In the future,the application scope of wearable devices should be expanded and their potential value should be explored to promote the innovation and progress of nursing models.

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)has been increasing year by year,with atherosclerosis(As)being the leading cause in terms of both incidnce and mortality for CVD in China.Traditional theories suggest that the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic CVD is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses caused by the accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).However,recent studies have demonstrated that perivascular adipose tissue(PVAT)can positively influence the occurrence and development of CVD through the vascular adventitia pathway.This article reviews the connection between PVAT and CVD,effective pathways for promoting CVD improve-ment,and the regulatory role of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)on PVAT,aiming to explore effective intervention targets for CVD.

Background and aims:Environmental pollutants,particularly organochlorine insecticides like endosulfan(ENDO),are increasingly linked to liver toxicity and related diseases.Despite its widespread historical use,the mechanisms underlying ENDO-induced liver damage remain poorly understood.This study aims to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ENDO-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ENDO for two weeks.Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)was subsequently performed on mouse livers to explore ENDO-induced hepatotoxicity at the single-cell level.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)across cell types and treatments were identified and then subjected to pathway enrichment to uncover key biological processes affected by ENDO.Transcription factor(TF)regulatory network,pseudotime trajectory,and cellular communication analysis were used to explore the molecular and cellular changes after ENDO exposure.Results:ENDO not only caused direct hepatocyte injury but also activated hepatic stellate cells and lymphocytes,triggering inflammatory responses with upregulation of multiple key chemokines and cytotoxic genes.Additionally,ENDO exposure led to the recruitment and activation of myeloid cells,contributing to the inflammatory milieu.An increase in intercellular communication and changes to the hepatic microenvironment,especially the interaction between activated hepatic stellate cells and CD8+T cells were observed,further implicating these processes in ENDO-induced liver damage.Conclusions:This study provides new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver injury induced by organochlorine insecticides like ENDO.Key genes and pathways involved in ENDO-associated liver toxicity have been identified at a single-cell resolution.These findings suggest that altered cellular communications and inflammatory responses may play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of ENDO-induced liver injury.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of surface electromyography biofeedback combined with respiratory training on post-stroke dysphagia and its impacts on serum neuron specific enolase(NSE)and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)in patients.Methods Totally 120 patients with post-stroke dysphagia in our hospital were stochastically assigned into the control group and the combined group,with 60 patients in each group.Both groups were given conventional treatment first,while the control group received respiratory training treatment.The combined group received surface electromyography biofeedback treatment on the top of the control group.The efficacy,serum NSE,central nervous system specific protein(S100β),IGF-1,functional oral intake scale(FOIS)score,standard swallowing function assessment scale(SSA)score,respiratory function,pharyngeal contraction rate and duration of pharyngeal contraction were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rate was higher in the combined group(x2=4.876,P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment,NSE,S100β,SSA score and pharyngeal contraction rate decreased after treatment in both groups,and those were even lower in the combined group(t=5.193,9.000,8.976,10.614,P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment,IGF-1,FOIS score,force vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),peak expiratory flow rate(PEF)and duration of pharyngeal contraction increased after treatment in both groups,with even higher levels in the combined group(t=4.212,6.220,3.765,6.935,5.020,4.249,P＜0.05).Conclusion Surface electromyography biofeedback combined with respiratory training can improve neuronal damage in patients with dysphagia,enhance swallowing efficiency,reduce serum NSE,S100β levels and pharyngeal retention time,with significant curative effect.