Gastric ulcer （GU） is a high-incidence digestive system disease characterized pathologically by disruption of gastric mucosal integrity， with clinical features including a prolonged course and periodic recurrence. Modern medicine attributes its pathogenesis to the dynamic imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors，while traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） posits its development as closely linked to spleen deficiency. Current therapies combining acid suppressants and antibiotics face challenges such as high recurrence rates，poor mucosal healing，and adverse drug reactions. Long-term use may induce metabolic disturbances like hypergastrinemia and reduced intestinal microbiota diversity. Therefore，exploring safer and longer-lasting therapeutic strategies has become a critical focus. TCM has extensive clinical experience and unique advantages in GU prevention and treatment. Studies demonstrate that the classic formula Shenling Baizhu San exhibits therapeutic properties of "invigorating spleen and tonifying Qi to restore physiological balance and eliminating dampness and regulating middle energizer to unblock Qi movement"， enabling a holistic approach targeting both symptoms and root causes in GU with spleen deficiency as the core pathology by suppressing aggressive factors and strengthening defensive factors. Experimental research reveals its mechanisms involve enhancing the physicochemical barrier of the mucus layer，repairing epithelial barriers and microcirculation，modulating gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility，and regulating microecological barriers and mucosal immunity. Clinical evidence confirms its synergistic effects in promoting ulcer healing，improving Helicobacter pylori eradication rates，and reducing recurrence risks. This review examined the etiology and pathogenesis of GU and systematically evaluated Shenling Baizhu San from three perspectives-clinical application，pharmacological effects， and experimental research-to provide insights for optimizing integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine protocols and expanding its clinical applications.

Soybean meal (SBM) prepared by soybean crushing is the most popular protein source in the poultry and livestock industries (Cai et al., 2015) due to its economic manufacture, high protein content, and good nutritional value. Despite these benefits, SBM contains various antigen proteins such as glycinin and β-conglycinin, which account for approximately 70% of the total proteins of the SBM and reduce digestibility and damage intestinal function (Peng et al., 2018). Treating SBM with proteases (neutrase, alcalase, and trypsin) or fermentation can eliminate these antigen proteins (Contesini et al., 2018). Because of its safety and rapid growth cycle, Bacillus strains are considered ideal for the fermentation industry (Yao et al., 2021). SBM fermented by Bacillus yields products with high nutritional value and low levels of antinutritional factors (ANFs), stimulating research in this area (Yuan et al., 2017). Kumari et al. (2023) demonstrated that fermentation with Bacillus species effectively degrades antigen proteins and increases crude protein content. The degradation of antigen proteins relies on protease hydrolysis. Low protease production is the major obstacle hindering the widespread use of microbial fermentation techniques.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/metabolism* ; Fermentation ; Glycine max/metabolism* ; Soybean Proteins/metabolism* ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism* ; Ribosomes/metabolism* ; Globulins ; Antigens, Plant ; Seed Storage Proteins

Probiotics are natural systems bridging synthetic biology, physical biotechnology, and immunology, initiating innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune activity. We previously constructed an all-in-one engineered food-grade probiotic Lactococcus lactis (FOLactis) which could boost the crosstalk among different immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells, and T cells. Herein, considering the limited clinical efficacy of naked personalized neoantigen peptide vaccines, we decorate FOLactis with tumor antigens by employing a Plug-and-Display system comprising membrane-inserted peptides. Intranodal injection of FOLactis coated with neoantigen peptides (Ag-FOLactis) induces robust DCs presentation and neoantigen-specific cellular immunity. Notably, Ag-FOLactis not only triggers a 45-fold rise in the quantity of locally reactive neoantigen-specific T cells but also induces epitope spreading in both subcutaneous and metastatic tumor-bearing models, leading to potent inhibition of tumor growth. These findings imply that Ag-FOLactis represents a powerful platform to rapidly and easily display antigens, facilitating the development of a bio-activated platform for personalized therapy.

[Objective]To explore the therapeutic effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture in postoperative analgesia of mixed hemorrhoids.[Methods]Eighty patients with mixed hemorrhoid after surgery under lumbar anesthesia were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group received routine postoperative treatment and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),100 mg Tramadol was intramuscularly injected when the visual analogue score(VAS)≥7.The experimental group received wrist-ankle acupuncture treatment firstly when the VAS≥7,if the VAS was still≥7 after half an hour,the 100 mg Tramadol was intramuscularly injected.Compare the VAS scores of two groups before the first intervention and 0.5 hour after the intervention,as well as at 6,12,18,24,36 and 48 hours after surgery.Compare the frequency of Tramadol use at 48 hours after surgery and the changes in prostaglandin E2(PGE2)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)levels before and 0.5 hour after the first intervention.[Results]There was no significant statistical difference in VAS scores between experimental group and control group before the first intervention(P＞0.05).The VAS scores of both groups 0.5 hour after the first intervention were lower than before the intervention in the same group(P＜0.05).The VAS score of experimental group patients after the first intervention for 0.5 hour was higher than that of control group(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of experimental group at 6,12,18,24,36 and 48h after surgery were lower than those of control group at the same time point(P＜0.05).The frequency of using Tramadol in experimental group was lower than that in control group 48 hours after surgery(P＜0.05).There was no significant statistical difference in PGE2 and 5-HT levels between experimental group and control group before intervention(P＞0.05).The PGE2 and 5-HT levels in experimental group and control group decreased after intervention for 0.5 hour compared to before intervention in the same group(P＜0.05).The PGE2 and 5-HT levels in experimental group were higher than those in control group after 0.5 hour of intervention(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]Wrist-ankle acupuncture therapy can effectively alleviate postoperative pain in patients with mixed hemorrhoids,reduce the use of postoperative analgesics,and its analgesic mechanism may be related to downregulating the serum levels of PGE2 and 5-HT,which has certain clinical application value..

Objective::This study aimed to elucidate the effect of the lipopolysaccharides/toll-like receptor 4 (LPS/TLR4) pathway on early atherosclerosis (AS) development and its associated changes in fecal metabolites, thereby providing an experimental foundation for strategies to prevent and treat early AS.Methods::Twelve Tibetan miniature pigs aged 4-5 months were divided into normal control (NC) group and AS group (6 pigs in each). The group assignment was primarily based on body weight; Secondary criteria, including glucose, lipid profiles, and inflammatory indices, were considered to ensure balanced baseline characteristics between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). AS group received a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish an AS model, while the NC group received a normal diet. Subsequently, serum levels of lipids and various inflammation and oxidative stress markers were measured. Pathological changes in the aorta and colon tissue, LPS/TLR4 pathway-associated protein expressions in the aorta, as well as occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the colon were also assessed. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra technology was employed for the metabolomic analysis of fecal extracts. Results::The lipid metabolism was disrupted in AS group, with significantly higher total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ((12.24 ± 5.24) mmol/L vs. (1.86 ± 0.27) mmol/L, P = 0.004,6; (2.39 ± 0.50) mmol/L vs. (0.83 ± 0.07) mmol/L, P = 0.000,5; (6.94 ± 2.87) mmol/L vs. (0.77 ± 0.18) mmol/L, P = 0.003,3), as compared to that in NC group. Serum factors, including LPS, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde levels of AS group were significantly higher than that of NC group ((1,230.00 ± 192.70) EU/L vs. (695.70 ± 213.70) EU/L), P = 0.001,1; (424.20 ± 176.90) ng/L vs. (51.20 ± 26.61) ng/L, P = 0.023,5; (3.60 ± 0.77) nmol/mL vs. (2.62 ± 0.21) nmol/mL, P = 0.025,4). Pathological evaluations revealed prominent lipid deposition area in the aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta of the AS group compared with that of the NC group (4.17% ± 2.30% vs. 0, P = 0.006,7; 6.23% ± 2.95% vs. 0, P = 0.003,6; 3.78% ± 2.18% vs. 0, P = 0.008,1). TLR4, nuclear factor kappa-B p65, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the aorta tissue of the AS group were upregulated, whereas occludin and zonula occludens-1 expression in colon tissues was downregulated. Additionally, metabolomics identified significant differences in 21 metabolites in the feces of the AS group compared to the NC group, with further analysis linking these differences to amino acid metabolism. Conclusions::The Tibetan miniature pig model of early AS induced by high-fat intake displayed pronounced chronic inflammation. Preliminary findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms may be associated with the LPS/TLR4 pathway and intestinal metabolic disorders.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety profile of antaitasvir phosphate combined with yiqibuvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of various genotypes, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:394 cases with CHC from 22 centers were collected from October 2021 to April 2023. They were randomly assigned to receive either the experimental drugs (antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg) or placebo treatment in a 3∶1 ratio. The patients were administered drugs once a day for 12 consecutive weeks, and then followed up for 24 weeks after treatment cessation. All subjects were unblinded at the four-week follow-up following drug discontinuation, with the experimental drug group continuing to complete subsequent post-discontinuation follow-up. The placebo group was switched to receive the experimental drugs for a repeated 12-week treatment period and followed up for another 24 weeks after discontinuation of the drug (placebo delayed treatment phase).The sustained virologic response rate (SVR12) was observed for subjects in the double-blind phase and the placebo delayed-treatment phase at 12 weeks after treatment cessation.Virological resistance analysis was performed on subjects who failed treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The number and percentage of subjects who achieved "HCV RNA

Objective To explore the association of the TSLP gene polymorphisms at rs3806932,rs11466741 and rs2289278 loci with childhood asthma and serum TSLP levels,and to analyze the effects of gene-environment interactions on asthma risk in children.Methods A total of 145 children with asthma and 108 healthy controls were included.Genotyping was performed using KASP and MassARRAY SNP technologies,and serum TSLP levels were measured by ELISA.Differences in allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups were analyzed,along with the impact of genetic models on asthma risk.Differences in serum TSLP levels across groups were compared.Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis were performed using Haploview 4.2,and GMDR 0.9 software was used to assess gene-environment interactions.Results No significant differences were found in the allele and genotype frequencies of the three TSLP gene loci between the two groups(P＞0.05).Under the co-dominant model,children with the AG genotype at the rs3806932 locus had 1.750 times the risk of developing asthma compared to those with the AA genotype(95％CI:1.018-3.010,P=0.043).Under co-dominant and overdominant models,children with the CT genotype at the rs11466741 locus had 1.705 times the asthma risk compared to those with the CC genotype(95％CI:1.006-2.891,P=0.048),and 1.698 times the risk compared to those with the CC-TT genotype(95％CI:1.019-2.827,P=0.041).Serum TSLP levels were significantly higher in asthma patients with the CT genotype than those with the CC genotype at the rs11466741 locus(P=0.032).Serum TSLP levels were higher in the asthma group with allergic rhinitis(AR)compared to the group without AR(P＜0.01).No significant differences were observed in the distribution of haplotypes frequencies(AC,GT,GC)between the two groups(P＞0.05).GMDR analysis showed that the highest asthma risk was observed in children with heterozygous genotypes(CT,AG)at both rs11466741 and rs2289278,or those with the CT genotype at rs11466741,a history of passive smoking,and a cesarean section delivery(P＜0.05).Conclusion Polymorphisms in the TSLP gene at rs3806932 and rs11466741 are associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma.Variants at the rs11466741 locus affect serum TSLP levels in children with asthma.Asthma combined with AR leads to elevation of serum TSLP levels.The interaction between rs11466741 and rs2289278,along with environmental factors(passive smoking and cesarean section),contributes to the increase of asthma risk in children.

Objective::This study aimed to elucidate the effect of the lipopolysaccharides/toll-like receptor 4 (LPS/TLR4) pathway on early atherosclerosis (AS) development and its associated changes in fecal metabolites, thereby providing an experimental foundation for strategies to prevent and treat early AS.Methods::Twelve Tibetan miniature pigs aged 4-5 months were divided into normal control (NC) group and AS group (6 pigs in each). The group assignment was primarily based on body weight; Secondary criteria, including glucose, lipid profiles, and inflammatory indices, were considered to ensure balanced baseline characteristics between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). AS group received a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish an AS model, while the NC group received a normal diet. Subsequently, serum levels of lipids and various inflammation and oxidative stress markers were measured. Pathological changes in the aorta and colon tissue, LPS/TLR4 pathway-associated protein expressions in the aorta, as well as occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the colon were also assessed. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra technology was employed for the metabolomic analysis of fecal extracts. Results::The lipid metabolism was disrupted in AS group, with significantly higher total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ((12.24 ± 5.24) mmol/L vs. (1.86 ± 0.27) mmol/L, P = 0.004,6; (2.39 ± 0.50) mmol/L vs. (0.83 ± 0.07) mmol/L, P = 0.000,5; (6.94 ± 2.87) mmol/L vs. (0.77 ± 0.18) mmol/L, P = 0.003,3), as compared to that in NC group. Serum factors, including LPS, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde levels of AS group were significantly higher than that of NC group ((1,230.00 ± 192.70) EU/L vs. (695.70 ± 213.70) EU/L), P = 0.001,1; (424.20 ± 176.90) ng/L vs. (51.20 ± 26.61) ng/L, P = 0.023,5; (3.60 ± 0.77) nmol/mL vs. (2.62 ± 0.21) nmol/mL, P = 0.025,4). Pathological evaluations revealed prominent lipid deposition area in the aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta of the AS group compared with that of the NC group (4.17% ± 2.30% vs. 0, P = 0.006,7; 6.23% ± 2.95% vs. 0, P = 0.003,6; 3.78% ± 2.18% vs. 0, P = 0.008,1). TLR4, nuclear factor kappa-B p65, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the aorta tissue of the AS group were upregulated, whereas occludin and zonula occludens-1 expression in colon tissues was downregulated. Additionally, metabolomics identified significant differences in 21 metabolites in the feces of the AS group compared to the NC group, with further analysis linking these differences to amino acid metabolism. Conclusions::The Tibetan miniature pig model of early AS induced by high-fat intake displayed pronounced chronic inflammation. Preliminary findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms may be associated with the LPS/TLR4 pathway and intestinal metabolic disorders.

Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is one of the major environmental problems globally. Ophiopogon japonicus, a multifunctional plant extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated potential in environmental remediation. This study investigated the Cd accumulation pattern of O. japonicus under cadmium stress and identified the heavy metal ATPase (HMA) family members in this plant. Our results demonstrated that O. japonicus exhibited a Cd enrichment factor (EF) of 2.75, demonstrating strong potential for soil Cd pollution remediation. Nine heavy metal ATPase (HMA) members of P1B-ATPases were successfully identified from the transcriptome data of O. japonicus, with OjHMA1-OjHMA6 classified as the Zn/Co/Cd/Pb-ATPases and OjHMA7-OjHMA9 as the Cu/Ag-ATPases. The expression levels of OjHMA1, OjHMA2, OjHMA3, and OjHMA7 were significantly up-regulated under Cd stress, highlighting their crucial roles in cadmium ion absorption and transport. The topological analysis revealed that these proteins possessed characteristic transmembrane (TM) segments of the family, along with functional A, P, and N domains involved in regulating ion absorption and release. Metal ion-binding sites (M4, M5, and M6) existed on the TM segments. Based on the number of transmembrane domains and the residues at metal ion-binding sites, the plant HMA family members were categorized into three subgroups: P1B-1 ATPases, P1B-2 ATPases, and P1B-4 ATPases. Specifically, the P1B-1 ATPase subgroup included the motifs TM4(CPC), TM5(YN[X]₄P), and TM6(M[XX]SS); the P1B-2 ATPase subgroup featured the motifs TM4(CPC), TM5(K), and TM6(DKTGT); the P1B-4 ATPase subgroup contained the motifs TM4(SPC) and TM6(HE[X]GT), all of which were critical for protein functions. Molecular docking results revealed the importance of conserved sequences such as CPC/SPC, DKTGT, and HE[X]GT in metal ion coordination and stabilization. These findings provide potential molecular targets for enhancing Cd uptake and tolerance of O. japonicus by genetic engineering and lay a theoretical foundation for developing new cultivars with high Cd accumulation capacity.
Cadmium/metabolism* ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism* ; Ophiopogon/drug effects* ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological ; Multigene Family ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Objective:To translate the Needs and Provision Complexity Scale (NPCS) into Chinese and validate its reliability and validity among stroke patients.Methods:The Chinese version of NPCS was developed through forward translation, back-translation, cultural adaptation, and pre-survey using the modified Brislin translation model. Convenience sampling was used to select 330 stroke patients who visited Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between May and July 2024 for questionnaire surveys, thereby validating the reliability and validity of the scale. A total of 330 questionnaires were distributed, with 316 valid responses collected for the need version and 305 valid responses collected for the provision version.Results:The Chinese version of NPCS was divided into a need version and a provision version, each comprising two dimensions and 15 items. The content validity index at the item level of the need and provision version of the scale ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, with an average content validity index of 0.943 for both. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the scale were 0.916 and 0.918, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of each dimension were from 0.882 to 0.919, and the test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.913 and 0.897, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two common factors of personal health care and social support, with cumulative variance contribution rates of 71.437% and 70.266%, respectively. The Chinese version of the scale demonstrated good model fit.Conclusions:The Chinese version of NPCS has good reliability and validity, and can be used for investigating the provision and need of rehabilitation and social support services for stroke patients.