Healthcare-associated infections(HAIs)remain a significant challenge to patient safety worldwide.Over the past decade,contaminated inanimate surfaces have been recognized as a major source of infections in sus-ceptible patients and a primary pathway for healthcare workers'hand contamination.The critical role of healthcare environmental hygiene in infection prevention and control(IPC)has been re-evaluated and is now considered one of the important non-pharmacological interventions(NPIs)for patient safety and HAI prevention in healthcare facili-ties.Improving the environmental hygiene of healthcare facilities can not only significantly reduce the incidence of HAIs and the colonization rates of pathogens in patients,but also demonstrate substantial cost-effectiveness.These perspectives have gained widespread consensus within the industry.This article aims to explore the historical evolu-tion of environmental hygiene in healthcare facilities,the substantial progress achieved,and the key directions for future development,providing references for research and practice in related fields.

This paper interprets the 2025 edition of the national health industry standard WS/T 512,"Regulation for cleaning and disinfection management of environmental surface in healthcare".The promulgation of the 2016 e-dition marked the entry of healthcare environmental hygiene(HEH)in China into a phase of standardized and reg-ulated management.The first comprehensive revision of the WS/T 512 standard after eight years of implementa-tion not only summarizes past practical experience but also heralds new requirements for healthcare environmental hygiene.This paper discusses the rbackground for revision of the standard,the solicitation of suggestions and the revised contents and interpretation.It also analyzes the revisions and highlights of the 2025 edition in the context of domestic and international research progress in environmental infection control,aiming to assist healthcare institu-tions in better understanding and implementing the standard,thereby improving the quality and efficiency of HEH in China.

This paper interprets the 2025 edition of the national health industry standard WS/T 512,"Regulation for cleaning and disinfection management of environmental surface in healthcare".The promulgation of the 2016 e-dition marked the entry of healthcare environmental hygiene(HEH)in China into a phase of standardized and reg-ulated management.The first comprehensive revision of the WS/T 512 standard after eight years of implementa-tion not only summarizes past practical experience but also heralds new requirements for healthcare environmental hygiene.This paper discusses the rbackground for revision of the standard,the solicitation of suggestions and the revised contents and interpretation.It also analyzes the revisions and highlights of the 2025 edition in the context of domestic and international research progress in environmental infection control,aiming to assist healthcare institu-tions in better understanding and implementing the standard,thereby improving the quality and efficiency of HEH in China.

Healthcare-associated infections(HAIs)remain a significant challenge to patient safety worldwide.Over the past decade,contaminated inanimate surfaces have been recognized as a major source of infections in sus-ceptible patients and a primary pathway for healthcare workers'hand contamination.The critical role of healthcare environmental hygiene in infection prevention and control(IPC)has been re-evaluated and is now considered one of the important non-pharmacological interventions(NPIs)for patient safety and HAI prevention in healthcare facili-ties.Improving the environmental hygiene of healthcare facilities can not only significantly reduce the incidence of HAIs and the colonization rates of pathogens in patients,but also demonstrate substantial cost-effectiveness.These perspectives have gained widespread consensus within the industry.This article aims to explore the historical evolu-tion of environmental hygiene in healthcare facilities,the substantial progress achieved,and the key directions for future development,providing references for research and practice in related fields.

Objective:To evaluate long-term outcomes of endoscopic papillectomy (EP) for duodenal papillary adenomas and to identify risk factors for incomplete resection.Methods:Clinical data of 180 patients diagnosed as having duodenal papillary adenoma via postoperative pathology after EP in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from January 2010 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on their postoperative margin status: the complete resection group (negative resection margins) and the incomplete resection group (positive/uncertain resection margins). Recurrence rates were compared between the two groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for incomplete resection.Results:Among the 180 patients included in the study, 137 underwent complete resection, and 43 had incomplete resections. Recurrence rate was significantly higher in the incomplete resection group than that in the complete resection group (30.2% VS 15.3%, χ2=4.75, P=0.029). logistic regression analysis indicated that high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was an independent risk factor for incomplete resection ( OR=2.43, 95% CI:1.12-5.26, P=0.024). Conclusion:Patients with incomplete resection after EP have a higher recurrence rate in the long-term follow-up. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is an independent risk factor for incomplete resection. Close surveillance and aggressive management are warranted for patients with positive or uncertain resection margins to mitigate the recurrence risk.

Objective:To evaluate long-term outcomes of endoscopic papillectomy (EP) for duodenal papillary adenomas and to identify risk factors for incomplete resection.Methods:Clinical data of 180 patients diagnosed as having duodenal papillary adenoma via postoperative pathology after EP in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from January 2010 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on their postoperative margin status: the complete resection group (negative resection margins) and the incomplete resection group (positive/uncertain resection margins). Recurrence rates were compared between the two groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for incomplete resection.Results:Among the 180 patients included in the study, 137 underwent complete resection, and 43 had incomplete resections. Recurrence rate was significantly higher in the incomplete resection group than that in the complete resection group (30.2% VS 15.3%, χ2=4.75, P=0.029). logistic regression analysis indicated that high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was an independent risk factor for incomplete resection ( OR=2.43, 95% CI:1.12-5.26, P=0.024). Conclusion:Patients with incomplete resection after EP have a higher recurrence rate in the long-term follow-up. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is an independent risk factor for incomplete resection. Close surveillance and aggressive management are warranted for patients with positive or uncertain resection margins to mitigate the recurrence risk.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to understand the willingness and barriers to the acceptance of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) among people with latent TB infection (LTBI) in China. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18, 2023 to December 31, 2023 across 10 counties in China. According to a national technical guide, we included healthcare workers, students, teachers, and others occupations aged 15-65 years as our research participants. RESULTS: Overall, 17.0% (183/1,077) of participants accepted TPT. There were statistically significant differences in the acceptance rate of TPT among different sexes, ages, educational levels, and occupations ( P < 0.05). The main barriers to TPT acceptance were misconceptions that it had uncertain effects on prevention (57.8%, 517/894), and concerns about side effects (32.7%, 292/894). CONCLUSION An enhanced and comprehensive understanding of LTBI and TPT among people with LTBI is vital to further expand TPT in China. Moreover, targeted policies need to be developed to address barriers faced by different groups of people.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Latent Tuberculosis/prevention & control* ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control* ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Objective To analyze the application value of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification in treating patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) under local anesthesia for upper urinary tract calculi. Methods A total of 80 patients with PCNL under local anesthesia for upper urinary tract calculi were divided into high-risk group (ASA Ⅲ to Ⅳ level) with 36 cases and low-risk group (ASA Ⅰ to Ⅱ level) with 44 cases according to ASA classification, and perioperative indicators (operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay), stone clearance rate, inflammatory factors[C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], score of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results Hospital stay in the low-risk group was significantly shorter than that in the high-risk group (P < 0.05); the stone clearance rate was 93.18% in the low-risk group, which was significantly higher than 75.00% in the high-risk group (P < 0.05). Before surgery, the levels of serum CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group (P < 0.05); one day after surgery, the levels of serum CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group (P < 0.05). On the first, the third, and the fifth day after surgery, the VAS score in the high-risk and low-risk groups decreased significantly, and the VAS score in the low-risk group was significantly lower than that in the high-risk group (P < 0.05). Incidence rate of complications in the low-risk group was 4.54%, which was significantly lower than 19.44% in the high-risk group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Application of PCNL under local anesthesia in treating patients with upper urinary tract calculi of ASA Ⅰ to Ⅲ has milder inflammation and pain when compared to those of ASA Ⅲ to Ⅳ, and the incidence rate of complications is relatively low.

Objective:To analyze the monitoring results of national brucellosis monitoring sites in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, and to provide a basis for scientific evaluation of prevention and control effects.Methods:From the "Disease Surveillance Information Report Management System", the surveillance results of national brucellosis surveillance sites (Pingyao County) in Jinzhong City from 2013 to 2021 were summarized and descriptive analysis was carried out.Results:From 2013 to 2021, a total of 996 cases of brucellosis were reported at the national brucellosis monitoring sites in Jinzhong City. A total of 3 538 serum samples were collected from key occupational groups, of which 161 were positive for brucellosis, with a positive rate of 4.55%. Among them, new cases accounted for 55.28% (89/161) and latent infections accounted for 21.74% (35/161). The annual serological test positive rate fluctuated between 1.19% and 20.55%. Except for 2014, the positive rate in all other years was less than 5.00%, and there was a statistically significant difference in positive rates between different years (χ 2 = 222.89, P < 0.001). The monitoring sites covered all townships within the jurisdiction (5 towns and 8 townships), and there was a statistically significant difference in positive rates among different townships (χ 2 = 26.45, P = 0.009). There was a statistically significant difference in positive rates among different occupations (χ 2 = 27.35, P < 0.001), with higher positive rates for veterinarians (5.41%, 2/37) and herders (4.76%, 29/609), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in positive rates among different age groups (χ 2 = 42.97, P < 0.001), with a higher positive rate of 7.04% (104/1 477) in the 50 to 59 year old group. It can be seen from the scatter plot that the reported incidence rate did not increase linearly with the increase of serological positive rate. Conclusions:Except for 2014, the positive rate of serological tests for brucellosis at the national brucellosis monitoring sites in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province has remained basically stable in other years. All townships in Pingyao County have an epidemic of brucellosis, and the 50 - 59 year old group and high-risk occupational groups are susceptible to it. The representatives of the monitoring results is not good, and it is recommended that the monitoring sites should strictly control the inclusion of the monitoring objects.

Objective:To construct a core index system of job responsibilities for specialist trauma nurses tailored to the current trauma care system in China and provide a reference for trauma centers to set up specialist trauma nurses.Methods:Literature review and group discussion were used to develop the first draft of the core index system of job responsibilities for specialist trauma nurses. The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of consultation among 15 experts from 7 provinces or cities in China to determine the final draft. The two rounds of expert active coefficient, expert authority coefficient ( Cr), Kendal coefficient (Kendall′s W), and average value of the importance and variation coefficient ( CV) of each indicator were calculated. Results:In both rounds of consultations, the expert active coefficient was 100%, and the Cr was 0.953. In the second round of consultation, the Kendall′s W was 0.188 ( χ2 =155.29, P<0.001), and the average value of the importance of each indicator ranged from 4.27-5.00 points with the CV of less than 0.25 points. The final index system consisted of 7 first-level indicators and 49 second-level indicators. Conclusion:The core index system of job responsibilities for specialist trauma nurses is reasonable and comprehensive, which can provide guidance for setting up positions of specialist trauma nurses in China.