Objective To understand the development history and current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management in children’s hospitals in China during the past 30 years.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted in 20 children’s hospitals,the investigated contents included:basic situation of hospitals, HAI management organizations and professionals,the support of hospital leaders for the management of HAI, training on HAI knowledge,monitoring on HAI,and so on.Results Up to 2015,20 hospitals all set up independent HAI management departments and HAI management committees,46.15%(6/13)of hospitals with more than 1 000 beds were understaffed in HAI management.There were a total of 88 professionals in HAI management in 20 children’s hospitals in 2015,53.41% (n=47)of professionals had bachelor degree,34.09% (n=30)were with intermediate professional title,46.59%(n=41)were nursing staff.Up to 2015,incidences and missing report rates of HAI,antimicrobial usage rates,incidences of HAI in neonates all decreased compared with 2006.In 2015,20 (100.00%)hospitals all carried out monitoring on antimicrobial application,multidrug-resistant organisms,disin-fection and sterilization,and provided personnel protective equipment.In 2015,9(45.00%)hospitals used non-tou-ch faucets in all wards,19(95.00%)hospitals supplied hand-drying paper towel and alcohol-based hand rub in all wards.None of professionals in these hospitals participated in national-level training on HAI for ≥3 times in 1996, professionals in 11 hospitals (55.00%)participated in national-level training for ≥3 times in 2015.Conclusion In the past 30 years,the management of HAI in children’s hospitals in China has basically met the requirement,moni-toring on HAI gradually improved,but allocation of HAI professionals and personnel quality ability still need to be strengthened.

3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Antagomirs ; metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; metabolism ; Rats ; Sequence Alignment ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Objective To explore the effects of combined with treating winter disease in summer and acupoint application in obstructive lung disease patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods Based on normal treatment and community nursing, 184 patients with obstructive lung disease were treated with the therapy of combined with treating winter disease in summer and acupoint application. The associated symptoms and lung function index of patients were compared before and after 3 years.Result After 3 years' intervention,the patients' incidence of associated symptoms was less than before and lung function index was better than before with differences is statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Treating winter disease in summer and acupoint application therapy for obstructive lung disease patients reducs the incidence of adverse reactiones of the therapy and improve lung fuction and quality of life.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of fine management of hospital infection quality of obstetric rooming-in,in order to reduce the incidence of hospital infection.Methods Fine management run through each link of the hospital infection control from 2010,including a sound management system,strict implementation of the regulations for the operation and management of hand hygiene system,improvement of the building layout and work flow,strengthening the company staff and the ward environment management and monitoring,and make the management of hospital infection more standard.Results The obstetric rooming-in nosocomial infection rate decreased from 3.90％ in 2010 to 0.78％ in 2012.Fine management significantly reduced the incidence of nosocomial infection in our hospital.Conclusions The implementation of fine management in obstetric rooming-in is conducive to the effective control of nosocomial infection and promotion of maternal and child safety.

This study retrospectively reviewed 9 cases of complicated hepatic cystic hydatidosis with intrabiliary rupture who were surgically treated with pericystectomy in combination with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in our hospital from 2004 to 2010. The clinical features, results of laboratory tests, B-mode ultrasonography and CT, post-operative recovery, days of hospital stay after the operation and post-operative complications were statistically analyzed and the patients were followed up. The subjects in our series included 7 males and 2 females, whose average age was 50.78±7.58 years. Before operation, 9 patients suffered from pain of the right upper quadrant and jaundice, which, in 4 cases (44.45%), were accompanied with fever and chills. Preoperative B-mode ultrosonography and CT showed that all the 9 patients had single hydatid cyst, with their diameter being 9.33±1.58 cm on average. The lesions involved segments V, VI in 6 cases, and segment IV in 3 cases. By WHO classification, 7 cases were classified as CE3 and 2 cases as CE4. They all had choledochectasia. The subjects underwent the surgery uneventfully. Intraoperatively, 2-4 biliary fistula orifices were found, with the average of the orifice being (0.79±0.20) cm. After the operation, one patient developed incision infection, one had pulmonary infection and one suffered from reflux cholangitis. No anastomotic leaks or peri-operative deaths took place and follow-up revealed no recurrence and implantative metastasis. We are led to conclude that pericystectomy in combination with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy can achieve satisfactory results for the treatment of complicated hepatic cystic hydatidosis with intrabiliary rupture.

This study retrospectively reviewed 9 cases of complicated hepatic cystic hydatidosis with intrabiliary rupture who were surgically treated with pericystectomy in combination with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in our hospital from 2004 to 2010.The clinical features,results of laboratory tests,B-mode ultrasonography and CT,post-operative recovery,days of hospital stay after the operation and post-operative complications were statistically analyzed and the patients were followed up.The subjects in our series included 7 males and 2 females,whose average age was 50.78±7.58 years.Before operation,9 patients suffered from pain of the right upper quadrant and jaundice,which,in 4 cases (44.45％),were accompanied with fever and chills.Preoperative B-mode ultrosonography and CT showed that all the 9 patients had single hydatid cyst,with their diameter being 9.33± 1.58 cm on average.The lesions involved segments V,Ⅵ in 6 cases,and segment Ⅵin 3 cases.By WHO classification,7 cases were classified as CE3 and 2 cases as CE4.They all had choledochectasia.The subjects underwent the surgery uneventfully.Intraoperatively,2-4 biliary fistula orifices were found,with the average of the orifice being (0.79±0.20) cm.After the operation,one patient developed incision infection,one had pulmonary infection and one suffered from reflux cholangitis.No anastomotic leaks or peri-operative deaths took place and follow-up revealed no recurrence and implantative metastasis.We are led to conclude that pericystectomy in combination with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy can achieve satisfactory results for the treatment of complicated hepatic cystic hydatidosis with intrabiliary rupture.

OBJECTIVETo investigate pharmacokinetic parameters of peoniflorin, albiflorin and amygdaloside after administration of Guizhi Fuling capsule in beagle dogs.

METHODPlasma was collected from forelimb vein of Beagle dogs after oral administration of Guizhi Fuling capsule. HPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the concentrations of constituents in plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by program DAS 2.0.

RESULTThe limit of quantitation of peoniflorin, albiflorin and amygdaloside were 0.25, 2.64, 0.04 microg x L(-1), respectively. After administrated with different doses, half-life of peoniflorin in dogs were 4.33, 3.62 h, albiflorin were 6.16, 5.91 h, amygdaloside were 2.43, 1.32 h. The AUC(0-t) of all components were related to dose.

CONCLUSIONThe pharmacokinetic course of peoniflorin, albiflorin and amygdaloside can be described by two-compartment model, and these components have high expose.

Administration, Oral ; Amygdalin ; blood ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Benzoates ; blood ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; blood ; Capsules ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; blood ; Half-Life ; Male ; Monoterpenes ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ginkgolides sustained-release tablet and conventional tablet in Beagle dogs.

METHODThe concentrations of ginkgolides in plasma were determined by LC-MS. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of ginkgolides sustained-release tablet and conventional tablet in vivo were obtained using Pharmacokinetic software DAS 2.0.

RESULTThe C(max) of grinkgolide A in ginkgolide sustained-release tablet and conventional tablet were 443.51, 1 039.30 microg x L(-1), respecitvely. t(max) were 2.92, 1.08 h, respectively. AUC(0-12h) were 1 808.21, 2 041.37 h x microg(-1) x L(-1), respectively. MRT were 5.18, 3.18 h, respectively. The relative bioavailability of ginkgolides A was 88.58%. The C(max) of ginkgolide B in ginkgolide sustained-release tablet and conventional tablet were 407.13, 547.38 microg x L(-1), respectively. t(max) were 2.92, 1.08 h, respectively. AUC(01-12 h) were 1 987.31, 1 748.04 h x microg(-1) x L(-1), respectively. MRT were 6.05, 4.98 h, respectively. The relative bioavailability of ginkgolides B was 113.69%.

CONCLUSIONThe ginkgolides sustained-release tablets have good sustained release characteristics and are bioequivalent to the reference formulation.

Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Ginkgolides ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactones ; analysis ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Quality Control ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Therapeutic Equivalency

Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a common inherited autosomal recessive disorder resulting from defects in the enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MCM, mut complementation group) or in the synthesis of the MCM cofactor adenosylcobalamin (cbl complementation groups). The defects in the mut complementation group accounts for the largest number of patients with isolated MMA. At least 200 mutations in the MUT gene on chromosome 6p12 have been identified in MMA patients until now. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of MMA and genomic variations in the MUT gene of Chinese patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from 18 patients who were diagnosed as having isolated MMA by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and from some of their parents as well. Amplification and direct sequencing of the MUT coding regions (exon 2-13) and their adjacent intronic consensus splice sites were performed in order to identify the disease causing mutations. In this group, six novel mutations in the MUT gene, c.424A>G (p.T142A), c.786T>G (p.S262R), c.808G>C (p.G270R), c.1323_1324insA, c.1445-1G>A and c.1676+77A>C were identified. p.T142A and p.G270R were respectively detected at a heterozygous level in one patient. Two previously reported mutations, c.682C>T (p.R228X) and c.323G>A (p.R108H) were also found in this study. In addition, six previously described single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), c.636A>G (p.K212K), c.1495G>A (p.A499T), c.1595A>G (p.H532R), c.1992G>A (p.A664A), c.2011G>A (p.V671I) and c.1677-53A>G were identified. In this study, we updated the spectrum of MUT mutations and identified the main MMA-causing mutations in Chinese MMA patients.

Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a common inherited autosomal recessive disorder resulting from defects in the enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase (MCM,mut complementation group) or in the synthesis of the MCM cofactor adenosylcobalamin (cbl complementation groups).The defects in the mut complementation group accounts for the largest number of patients with isolated MMA.At least 200 mutations in the MUT gene on chromosome 6p12 have been identified in MMA patients until now.This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of MMA and genomic variations in the MUT gene of Chinese patients.Genomic DNA was extracted from 18 patients who were diagnosed as having isolated MMA by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and from some of their parents as well.Amplification and direct sequencing of the MUT coding regions (exon 2-13) and their adjacent intronic consensus splice sites were performed in order to identify the disease causing mutations.In this group,six novel mutations in the MUT gene,c.424A＞G (p.T142A),c.786T＞G (p.S262R),c.808G＞C(p.G270R),c.1323_1324insA,c.1445-1G＞A and c.1676+77A＞C were identified.p.T142A and p.G270R were respectively detected at a heterozygous level in one patient.Two previously reported mutations,c.682C＞T (p.R228X) and c.323G＞A (p.R108H) were also found in this study.In addition,six previously described single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),c.636A＞G (p.K212K),c.1495G＞A(p.A499T),c.1595A＞G (p.H532R),c.1992G＞A (p.A664A),c.2011G＞A (p.V671I) and c.1677-53A＞Gwere identified.In this study,we updated the spectrum of MUT mutations and identified the main MMA-causing mutations in Chinese MMA patients.