Objective To review the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation(tVNS)in targeted interventions for executive function among adults.Methods A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and Wanfang data was conducted for original studies investigating tVNS intervention targeting executive function in adults,with publication during from inception to December,2024.Data extraction and scoping review were performed,with literature quality assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)scale.Results A total of 14 researches were included,from China,Germany,United States,Netherlands and Finland,involving 598 participants.The subjects were mainly healthy adults and also covered patient groups with refractory epilep-sy,post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep deprivation.The outcomes included three core components of execu-tive function:inhibitory control(response inhibition and interference control),working memory and cognitive flexibility.The parameter settings of tVNS varied depending on the researches;the stimulation target was mainly the cymba conchae;the stimulation intensity was mostly 0.5 to 2.4 mA;the stimulation frequency was mainly 25 Hz;the on/off period was mostly 30 s on/30 s off;the pulse width was 200 μs to 500 ms;and the intervention period was mainly a single acute stimulation of 30 to 75 minutes.Behavioral results indicated that tVNS was ef-fective on the response inhibition and working memory,but the effects on the interference control and cognitive flexibility were divergent.Mechanism-level evidence further supported that tVNS improved response inhibition and working memory by modulating frontal neural oscillations and enhancing frontal functional connectivity.In terms of safety,four researches reported transient adverse reactions,and no serious adverse events or participant withdrawals happened.Conclusion tVNS demonstrates safe and effective improvement of some core subcomponents of executive function in adults,with overall benefits influenced by neural circuit specificity and stimulation parameters.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint thread-embedding therapy of regulating governor vessel, dispersing lung, and suppressing reflux for gastroesophageal reflux cough (GERC). METHODS: A total of 120 GERC patients were randomly assigned to an observation group (60 cases, 1 case dropped out) and a control group (60 cases, 1 case was eliminated). The observation group received acupoint thread-embedding treatment at positive response points of governor vessel. If no such points were detected, the following acupoints were used: Dazhui (GV14), Fenghu (Extra), Shendao (GV11), Lingtai (GV10), and Zhiyang (GV9). Treatment was administered once every two weeks. The control group received oral rabeprazole enteric capsules at 20 mg twice daily. All the treatment was given for 6 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed using cough symptom score, reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) score, and Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ) score before and after treatment in the two groups. Clinical efficacy was also compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, both groups showed decreased cough symptom scores and the each item scores and total scores of RDQ (P<0.001), and increased LCQ scores (P<0.001) compare with those before treatment. The observation group exhibited lower cough symptom score and chest pain, reflux and total score of RDQ, and higher LCQ score compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 94.9% (56/59), which was higher than 84.7% (50/59) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupoint thread-embedding therapy of regulating governor vessel, dispersing lung, and suppressing reflux could effectively alleviate cough and reflux symptoms in patients with GERC and improve their quality of life.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Cough/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Lung/physiopathology* ; Meridians

Objective To review the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation(tVNS)in targeted interventions for executive function among adults.Methods A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and Wanfang data was conducted for original studies investigating tVNS intervention targeting executive function in adults,with publication during from inception to December,2024.Data extraction and scoping review were performed,with literature quality assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)scale.Results A total of 14 researches were included,from China,Germany,United States,Netherlands and Finland,involving 598 participants.The subjects were mainly healthy adults and also covered patient groups with refractory epilep-sy,post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep deprivation.The outcomes included three core components of execu-tive function:inhibitory control(response inhibition and interference control),working memory and cognitive flexibility.The parameter settings of tVNS varied depending on the researches;the stimulation target was mainly the cymba conchae;the stimulation intensity was mostly 0.5 to 2.4 mA;the stimulation frequency was mainly 25 Hz;the on/off period was mostly 30 s on/30 s off;the pulse width was 200 μs to 500 ms;and the intervention period was mainly a single acute stimulation of 30 to 75 minutes.Behavioral results indicated that tVNS was ef-fective on the response inhibition and working memory,but the effects on the interference control and cognitive flexibility were divergent.Mechanism-level evidence further supported that tVNS improved response inhibition and working memory by modulating frontal neural oscillations and enhancing frontal functional connectivity.In terms of safety,four researches reported transient adverse reactions,and no serious adverse events or participant withdrawals happened.Conclusion tVNS demonstrates safe and effective improvement of some core subcomponents of executive function in adults,with overall benefits influenced by neural circuit specificity and stimulation parameters.

Objective:To observe the effect of cross-education combined with electromyography(EMG)biofeedback inter-vention on the wrist dorsal extension function of patients with subacute stroke. Method:Forty-five patients with subacute stroke were randomly divided into cross-education group,EMG bio-feedback group,and combined group,with 15 cases in each group.The patients of three groups received rou-tine rehabilitation training.The cross-education group performed additional cross-education training on this ba-sis,the EMG biofeedback group performed additional EMG biofeedback training,and the combined group per-formed additional cross-education combined with EMG biofeedback.The above treatment lasted for 6 weeks,and before and after treatment,active joint range of motion(AROM),manual muscle test(MMT),simpli-fied Fugl-Meyer motor function score:upper extremity(FMA-UE),modified Barthel index(MBI)were used to assess the patient's wrist extension function,upper limb motor function and activities of daily living. Result:Before treatment,the three groups had no significant difference in FMA-UE score,wrist dorsiflexion AROM,muscle strength score,and MBI score(P＞0.05).After 6 weeks treatment,the FMA-UE score,wrist dorsiflexion AROM,muscle strength score,and MBI score of the three groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).When comparison among the groups,there was no significant difference in MBI score(P＞0.05),and other index score comparisons showed significant differences(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the comparison of the cross-education group and the EMG biofeed-back group(P＞0.05). Conclusion:Cross-education combined with EMG biofeedback is better than single cross-education or EMG biofeedback intervention in improving the wrist extension function,upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke.

The traditional experimental teaching mode of forensic science and biological evidence is mostly confined to experimental operation, which is not capable of cultivating students' comprehensive quality and post competency. Therefore, it is urgent to seek an innovative teaching and training mode. At present, the experimental teaching of forensic science and biological evidence is dominated by teachers. There are some problems, such as insufficient training of students' scientific thinking and innovation ability, single teaching and evaluation model, and disconnection from the practical application. This paper proposes an experimental teaching design scheme of forensic science and biological evidence based on post competency training. The course is implanted in the framework of simulated cases, and the virtual simulation experiment platform and group discussion learning method are used to achieve a training model oriented by social needs and centered on students. In the preliminary study on the students who were trained in this mode of selected sections, we found that, compared with traditional teaching, the time for students to complete the prescribed experimental operation in this teaching mode was shortened by 4 minutes on average, and the average score of theoretical course test case analysis questions was increased by 1.5 points. In conclusion, the instructional design of the experiment teaching forensic science and biological evidence can effectively improve students' post-competency, and it deserves further exploration and application.

In next several decades, medical costs are going to increase significantly with the obvious increase of ageing population. The development trend of medical cost was predicted on the basis of over-cost growth model. The over-cost growth and the influencing factors of population and economics were first used to construct the time series model, then Monte Carlo approach was used in random simulation and finally the prediction result of medical cost in China was received.

OBJECTIVETo observe the short-term clinical effectiveness of bone ring graft technique and to summarize the key points of related surgical operation to provide comprehensive clinical guidelines.

METHODSFifteen patients with severe alveolar bone absorption were selected to receive bone ring grafting and immediate dental implant. Final fixed prostheses were cemented five months after initial implantation. Cone beam CT scans were conducted on all subjects before the procedure, as well as four months post-operation to evaluate alveolar bone height and level of bone height and absorption around the implants. Four to six months after prosthesis installation, each implant's Jemt classification, gingiva attachment, and probing depth (PD) were analyzed. The difference of PD between implants and adjacent teeth, as well as the difference of the bone absorption between labial and lingual sides, was compared. The survival rate of the bone ring and the retention rate of implants were calculated. Complications and patient satisfaction were also investigated.

RESULTSBone graft survival rate was 94.4% and dental implantation retention rate was 100% four months post-operation. Average bone level increase was (6.06 +/- 1.06) mm, average bone absorption was (1.33 +/- 0.84) mm, and average bone thickness at the neck of the dental implant body was (6.94 +/- 0.73) mm. Approximately 4 to 6 months after crown restoration, average bone level increase was (5.62 +/- 1.03) mm, average bone absorption was (1.51 +/- 1.02) mm, and average bone thickness at the neck of the dental implant body was (6.77 +/- 0.72) mm. The PD around the implant body and the adjacent teeth was statistically insignificant. No major post-operative complication was observed, restorations were successful, and patient satisfaction level was high.

CONCLUSIONBone ring graft technique and immediate dental implantation are relatively simple to perform, and these techniques facilitate reduction in required treatment time. Short-term effect is reliable and satisfactory, whereas long-term outcomes require further follow up and study.

Objective To observe the short-term clinical effectiveness of bone ring graft technique and to summarize the key points of related surgical operation to provide comprehensive clinical guidelines. Methods Fifteen patients with severe alveolar bone absorption were selected to receive bone ring grafting and immediate dental implant. Final fixed prostheses were cemented five months after initial implantation. Cone beam CT scans were conducted on all subjects before the procedure, as well as four months post-operation to evaluate alveolar bone height and level of bone height and absorption around the implants. Four to six months after prosthesis installation, each implant’s Jemt classification, gingiva attachment, and probing depth (PD) were analyzed. The difference of PD between implants and adjacent teeth, as well as the difference of the bone absorption between labial and lingual sides, was compared. The survival rate of the bone ring and the retention rate of implants were calculated. Complications and patient satisfaction were also investigated. Results Bone graft survival rate was 94.4% and dental implantation retention rate was 100% four months post-operation. Average bone level increase was (6.06±1.06) mm, average bone absorption was (1.33±0.84) mm, and average bone thickness at the neck of the dental implant body was (6.94± 0.73) mm. Approximately 4 to 6 months after crown restoration, average bone level increase was (5.62±1.03) mm, average bone absorption was (1.51±1.02) mm, and average bone thickness at the neck of the dental implant body was (6.77±0.72) mm. The PD around the implant body and the adjacent teeth was statistically insignificant. No major post-operative complication was observed, restorations were successful, and patient satisfaction level was high. Conclusion Bone ring graft technique and immediate dental implantation are relatively simple to perform, and these techniques facilitate reduction in required treatment time. Short-term effect is reliable and satisfactory, whereas long-term outcomes require further follow up and study.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to optimize conditions for labeling human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) using enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) infected by lentivirus vector and to obtain PDLSCs with high stable expressed eGFP.

METHODSPDLSCs were transfected with eGFP by lentivirus vector for 48 h via different multiplicity of infection (MOI) (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400) and the infection efficiency were analyzed by both fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry. The proliferation rate of infected PDLSCs was evaluated by MTT. The infected PDLSCs were further for detection of pluripotent, differentiation ability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression ability.

RESULTSThe infection efficiency for each group were 44.7%, 60.9%, 71.7%, 85.8% and 86.9% respectively. Proliferation of PDLSCs was not affected when MOI was below 200; however, at MOI 400, the proliferation ability was affected compared with control group. The pluripotent and ALP abilities of PDLSCs were not changed by the infection.

CONCLUSIONInfection for 48 h at MOI 200 is optimal for labeling PDLSCs with eGFP using lentivirus vector, and the proliferation and differentiation abilities of PDLSCs are not affected obviously.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that incidence rate of acute rejection in renal transplant recipients with pre-production of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA), including parts of autoantibody, before transplantation in body, is obviously greater than that of recipients with negative antibody. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of exogenous antigen on MICA expression in endothelial cells. METHODS: The endothelial cells were cultured with exogenous recombinant MICA protein (group M5, M10 and M25) and heat shock protein-70 (group H5, H10 and H25) with dosages of 5, 10 and 25 μg/L, respectively, for 48 hours. Same volume of phosphate buffer saline was added into the control groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 48 hours after induction, the expressions of MICA mRNA and protein were increased significantly in each experimental group (M5, M10 and M25) than that of the control group with significant (P < 0.05). The expression of MICA mRNA and MICA protein of group M5 and group M10 were remarkably higher than group M25 (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between group M5 and M10 (P > 0.05). The expression of MICA membrane protein in the group M10 was obviously greater than that of the group M5 and M25 (P < 0.05). The level of soluble MICA (sMICA) in experimental groups (M5, M10 and M25) was decreased obviously comparing with that of the control group. These differences had statistical significances (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference among the experimental groups (P > 0.05). However, the expression of MICA gene and sMICA level did not change after heat shock protein-70 stimulation. The exogenous MICA antigen up-regulates the expression of MICA mRNA and protein, especially increases the expression of membrane protein on the cell surface significantly, but sMICA in supernatant was dramatically decreased.