Background Lung cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, has long ranked first in cancer incidence and mortality, posing a severe challenge to public health systems. Objective To analyze the trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of lung cancer among residents in Jing'an District, Shanghai, from 2002 to 2021, explore the impacts of population aging, population growth, and age-specific prevalence on disease burden, and provide a scientific basis for optimizing regional lung cancer prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the cancer registration and cause-of-death surveillance data of registered residents in Jing'an District, Shanghai, from 2002 to 2021, Joinpoint regression models were used to analyze the annual change trends (APC) and average annual change trends (AAPC) of lung cancer incidence, mortality, DALY rate, and their age-standardized rates. Decomposition analysis was applied to quantify the contribution of population aging, population growth, and age-specific prevalence to changes in the number of new cases, deaths, and DALYs. Results From 2002 to 2021, the crude incidence rate of lung cancer in Jing'an District increased from 68.00 per 100000 to 144.36 per 100000 (AAPC=4.86%, P<0.001), and the age-standardized incidence rate rose from 43.09 per 100000 to 61.46 per 100000 (AAPC=2.89%, P<0.001). The growth rate of incidence was significantly higher in females (AAPC=6.73%) than in males (AAPC=3.62%). The crude mortality rate increased from 58.08 per 100000 to 66.11 per 100000 (AAPC=1.10%, P<0.001), while the age-standardized mortality rate decreased (AAPC=−1.54%, P<0.001). The crude DALY rate showed an upward trend (AAPC=0.94%, P=0.002), whereas the age-standardized DALY rate declined (AAPC=−1.63%, P<0.001). Significant differences were observed across genders and age groups: the mortality and DALY rates increased in males aged 60-64 years, while the fastest incidence growth occurred in females aged 45-64 years. The results of decomposition analysis indicated that the increase in new cases was primarily attributed to age-specific incidence (38.15%) and aging (37.31%); the growth in deaths and DALYs was driven by aging, while age-specific mortality and population growth showed offsetting effects. From 2002 to 2021, the probability of premature death from lung cancer among males (2.04%-2.52%) in Jing'an District showed no statistically significant trend (AAPC=−0.28%, P=0.440), while it presented a decreasing trend in the total population (1.37%-1.89%) and females (0.72%-1.26%) (AAPC=−0.80% and −2.23%, respectively; P=0.029 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion From 2002 to 2021, the risk of lung cancer incidence in Jing’an District, Shanghai, continue to increase, with a disease burden exhibiting significant heterogeneity by gender and age: key features include a rapid increase in new cases and a trend toward younger onset among females, alongside rising mortality risk among males aged 60–64 years. Population aging and increasing age-specific incidence rates are primary drivers of the growing number of cases, while declining age-specific mortality rates mitigate the rise in mortality burden.

The disease-syndrome combination animal model in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） andrology serves as an important bridge linking TCM theory with modern medical research， providing a key experimental platform for elucidating the 'syndrome-disease' correlation mechanism in male-specific diseases and for screening effective prescriptions. This article reviews recent progress in animal model research on common TCM andrological diseases， including prostatic diseases， sexual dysfunction， and male infertility， with a focus on analyzing the application， advantages， and disadvantages of various modeling strategies， such as immune induction， hormonal intervention， and multi-factor combination across different syndrome types. However， despite breakthroughs in model construction techniques， current research still faces several challenges， including insufficient standardization of syndrome differentiation and difficulties in quantifying TCM-specific indicators. Future studies need to optimize model evaluation systems by integrating modern technologies， in order to promote the standardization and internationalization of TCM andrology research.

Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG），as a key stage of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer，has an increasing incidence year by year，and it can gradually develop into gastric invasive cancer and mucosal cancer. At present，the main treatment focuses on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori （Hp），drug therapy， and pathological follow-up by gastroscopy，which can alleviate some symptoms，but it is difficult to curb the pathological progress，and the recurrence rate is high. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of cell growth，differentiation，proliferation，apoptosis，autophagy， and other responses，and abnormal activation of this pathway can promote the progression of precancerous lesions of CAG. Traditional Chinese medicine is effective in the treatment of precancerous lesions of CAG through multi-component and multi-target comprehensive regulation. By regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway，the active ingredients and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine play therapeutic roles，such as inhibiting inflammation，glycolysis，angiogenesis， and epithelium-mesenchymal transformation，promoting autophagy，and regulating the balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis. This paper systematically reviewed the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in the PI3K/Akt pathway in the treatment of precancerous lesions of CAG，so as to provide references for further understanding of the pathogenesis of precancerous lesions of CAG and search for potential therapeutic targets，and it provided new ideas for further research and drug development of precancerous lesions of CAG.

Persistent left superior vena cava is a rare venous variant that is often combined with cardiovascular malformations. In thoracic surgery, especially mediastinal tumor resection, neglect of this variant may make the surgery difficult and risky, and careful preoperative imaging interpretation and adequate preoperative evaluation play an important role in the perioperative safety of the patient. In this paper, we reported a case of a 17-year-old female patient with a persistent left superior vena cava combined with mediastinal tumors. She was successfully discharged 5 days after thoracoscopic surgery, and after 3 years of postoperative follow-up, no tumor recurrence was observed.

Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

In the earliest existing pharmacological monograph in China,Shennong Bencao Jing,there is a record of a parasitic plant known as"desert ginseng"——Cistanche deserticola.It exerts beneficial effects on the function of the heart,kidney,spleen,and lung.As research into its pharmacological properties has progressed,the active components of Cistanche deserticola also have shown promise for treating intestinal disorders.Due to the complex pathological mechanisms of sepsis,which often accompany multiple organ dysfunction,aligns closely with the multi-target pharmacological characteristics of Cistanche deserticola's.Furthermore,because Cistanche deserticola is both edible and medicinal,and exhibits a wide therapeutic window,it has a natural advantage in the clinical transformation and application after drug development.Currently,to expand its medicinal range,a review of the main active components of Cistanche deserticola and their related pharmacological effects is conducted,and combined with the specific characteristics of intestinal injury in sepsis,the potential value of Cistanche deserticola in intestinal barrier protection,microbial coordination,and intestinal motility regulation is further elaborated,providing new ideas and a theoretical basis for the application of Cistanche deserticola in sepsis-induced intestinal injury.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between dietary behavior and sarcopenia in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas of China based on latent class analysis.Methods:A total of 4 358 older adults aged ≥65 years were selected from the 2021 Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study. The information about their demographic characteristics, lifestyles, and chronic disease histories were collected. A simplified food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information about their dietary intake in the last month. The food intake frequency and food category score were calculated, and the higher the food category score, the richer the dietary intake. Latent class analysis was used to identify the latent classes of the dietary behavior. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the SARC-CalF. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of food category scores and different latent classes of the dietary behavior with the risk for sarcopenia.Results:In 4 358 older adults, 1 841 (42.24%) had sarcopenia. The frequencies of intakes of cereals and potatoes, vegetable and fruit, meat and bean products were lower in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group. The risk for sarcopenia decreased with the increase of food category score in older adults ( OR=0.850, 95% CI: 0.796-0.907). Latent class analysis identified 4 latent classes of the dietary behavior. Compared with those with class 1 (frequency of intake of all 5 food species was higher probability in T3 group), those with class 2 (frequency of intake of vegetables and fruits and energy-only foods were less likely to be in the T3 group) and class 3 (frequency of intake of all 5 food species was lower probability in T3 group) had significantly increased risk for sarcopenia ( OR=1.377, 95% CI: 1.131-1.676) and ( OR=1.354, 95% CI: 1.091-1.680), 37.7% and 35.4% increased risk for sarcopenia, respectively. Conclusion:Increasing dietary intake category and sufficient intake of various foods for a balanced dietary pattern can reduce the risk of sarcopenia in older adults.

Objective To investigate the value of adjusting antiplatelet treatment regimens guided by thromboelastography(TEG)in predicting cerebral ischemic events after stent-assisted embolization of intracranial aneurysms.Methods This study retrospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent stent-assisted coil embolization admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command,from March 2022 to May 2024.Baseline and clinical data of the patients,including gender,age,hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,smoking history,drinking history,and intraoperative use of tirofiban were collected.Antiplatelet therapy(conventional dose aspirin[100 mg once daily]+clopidogrel[75 mg once daily])was initiated immediately after the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm,and TEG was performed 3 days later.According to the platelet inhibition rate in TEG parameters(platelet inhibition rate induced by arachidonic acid[AA]pathway[AA inhibition rate]or adenosine diphosphate[ADP]pathway[ADP inhibition rate],AA inhibition rate ≥ 50％indicated aspirin effectiveness,AA inhibition rate＜50％indicated aspirin resistance;ADP inhibition rate ≥ 30％indicated clopidogrel effectiveness,ADP inhibition rate＜30％indicated clopidogrel resistance),the patients were divided into the control group(TEG test results met the criteria,i.e.,AA inhibition rate ≥ 50％and ADP inhibition rate ≥ 30％),the conventional dual antiplatelet therapy group(TEG test results did not meet the criteria but were not adjusted for antiplatelet therapy,i.e.,AA inhibition rate＜50％and/or ADP inhibition rate＜30％,but with complex aneurysm morphology[such as irregular shape,daughter sac formation]or high bleeding risk,continuing conventional dual antiplatelet therapy),and the intensified group(TEG test results did not meet the criteria and the antiplatelet therapy regimen was adjusted,i.e.,AA inhibition rate＜50％and/or ADP inhibition rate＜30％,adjusting the antiplatelet therapy regimen).All patients underwent stent-assisted coil embolization after TEG testing.From 0 to 3 months after the operation,all three groups maintained the above antiplatelet therapy.At 3 months after the operation,routine head MRI,CT and other examinations were performed.If no cerebral ischemic events occurred and the imaging results were satisfactory(good stent position,no aneurysm occlusion residual or slight residual at the neck[neck width of the aneurysm 2mm]),the treatment could be adjusted to single antiplatelet therapy(aspirin 100 mg once daily).If a patient experienced a cerebral ischemic event during the follow-up period,regardless of the stage after the operation,dual antiplatelet therapy(aspirin[100mg once daily]+clopidogrel[75 mg once daily])was immediately restarted or maintained and continued for at least 6 months.The primary endpoint was intraoperative and 6-months postoperative cerebral ischemic events(including DSA-confirmed intraoperative acute thrombosis and infarction foci confirmed by head CT or MRI).Baseline and clinical data of the three groups were compared.All patients were divided into groups with ischemic stroke event and without according to the primary endpoint,univariate Logistic regression analysis was then performed on both groups.Variables with P＜0.1 in the univariate Logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of cerebral ischemic events after stent-assisted coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms.Results A total of 499 patients were included,including 178 males and 321 females,with a median age of 59(53,68)years.Among them,there were 341 patients in the control group,42 in the conventional dual antiplatelet therapy group,and 116 in the intensified group.There were 47 cases of cerebral ischemic events and 452 cases without cerebral ischemic events.There was a statistically significant difference in the intraoperative use rate of tirofiban across the control group,the conventional dual antiplatelet therapy group,and the intensified group(20.2％[69/341]vs.26.2％[11/42]vs.42.2％[49/116],P＜0.01);no statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups in terms of age,gender composition,the proportion of patients with hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,smoking history,drinking history,and the incidence of cerebral ischemic events(all P＞0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(OR,2.924,95％CI 1.416-6.037,P=0.004)and intraoperative use of tirofiban(OR,3.638,95％CI 1.892-6.996,P＜0.01)were independent risk factors for intraoperative and 6-months postoperative cerebral ischemic events after stent-assisted coil embolization in patients with intracranial aneurysms.In comparison with the control group,the intensified group has reduced the risk of cerebral ischemic events(OR,0.238,95％CI 0.088-0.646,P=0.005),while there was no statistically significant difference between the conventional dual antiplatelet therapy group and the control group(OR,0.521,95％CI 0.149-1.826,P=0.308).Conclusions This study demonstrates that adjusting the antiplatelet therapy regimens in patients with intracranial aneurysms who did not meet the platelet inhibition rate based on TEG results can significantly reduce the risk of intraoperative and 6-months postoperative cerebral ischemic events.These finding may require validation through further,large-scaled,prospective studies.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:This randomized controlled open-label multicenter clinical trial enrolled patients from nine medical centers in China between August 2020 and July 2022. Inclusion criteria: age 50–80 years, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥12, maximum urinary flow rate (Q max) >5 ml/min and ≤15 ml/min. Exclusion criteria: prostate malignancy, contraindications to surgery or anesthesia. Patients were randomized 1∶1 into the H-FIRE group (experimental) or the control group (daily oral 0.2 mg tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsules). Primary outcomes included Q max, IPSS, prostate volume, and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores, measured at baseline, 1 and 3 months post-treatment. Results:A total of 160 cases were included in this study, including 80 cases in the experimental group and 80 cases in the control group, 30 cases in Renji Hospital, 7 cases in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 8 cases in Tongji Hospital, 3 cases in Hunan Provincial Hospital, 13 cases in Shanghai Pudong Hospital, 29 cases in Hwa Mei Hospital, 18 cases in Yiyuan County People's Hospital, and 38 cases in Shanghai East Hospital, and 14 cases in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. At 3 months of post-treatment, Q max in the experimental group increased by a median of 7.50 (3.55, 14.50) ml/s from the baseline value, whereas in the control group it increased by a median of 1.70 (-1.40, 6.00) ml/s, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.01, U = 1 083); and at 3 months of post-treatment, IPSS in the experimental group decreased by a median of 12.00 (7.00, 17.00) points in the test group and 6.00 (2.00, 11.00) points in the control group, and the magnitude of improvement in IPSS scores in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.01, U = 1 248); at 3 months of post-treatment, the prostate volume decreased by a median of 12.16 (5.69, 18.27) ml in the experimental group and 0 (-3.94, 6.89) ml in the control group, suggesting that H-FIRE significantly reduced prostate gland volume ( P<0.01, U=1 111). The difference in elevated IIEF-5 scores from baseline at 3 months of treatment between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant[0(-2.00, 1.00) points vs. 0(-2.00, 1.50) points; P=0.54, U=2 338]. There were no serious adverse events in the two groups. Conclusions:H-FIRE could significantly improve both subjective and objective symptoms of BPH with a low risk of severe complications.