ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

In the earliest existing pharmacological monograph in China,Shennong Bencao Jing,there is a record of a parasitic plant known as"desert ginseng"——Cistanche deserticola.It exerts beneficial effects on the function of the heart,kidney,spleen,and lung.As research into its pharmacological properties has progressed,the active components of Cistanche deserticola also have shown promise for treating intestinal disorders.Due to the complex pathological mechanisms of sepsis,which often accompany multiple organ dysfunction,aligns closely with the multi-target pharmacological characteristics of Cistanche deserticola's.Furthermore,because Cistanche deserticola is both edible and medicinal,and exhibits a wide therapeutic window,it has a natural advantage in the clinical transformation and application after drug development.Currently,to expand its medicinal range,a review of the main active components of Cistanche deserticola and their related pharmacological effects is conducted,and combined with the specific characteristics of intestinal injury in sepsis,the potential value of Cistanche deserticola in intestinal barrier protection,microbial coordination,and intestinal motility regulation is further elaborated,providing new ideas and a theoretical basis for the application of Cistanche deserticola in sepsis-induced intestinal injury.

Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Coronavirus Dis-ease 2019 in immunocompromised hosts.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 230 hospitalized patients diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at Nanjing Yimin Hospital from December 2022 to November 2023.The patients were divided into three groups based on their immune status:immunocompromised group(n=59),relatively immunocompromised group(n=129),and immunocompetent group(n=42).The clinical characteristics(such as clinical manifesta-tions,imaging features,and laboratory examinations)and outcomes(such as length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality)were compared among three groups.Results Compared with there latively immunocompromised and immunocompetent groups,the immunocompromised group showed no obvious specific clinical manifestations.However,the proportions of patients with symptoms such as cough and expectoration were lower,and the occurrences of symptoms such as myalgia and fatigue were less fre-quent in the immunocompromised group(P＜0.05).The chest CT findings in the immunocompro-mised group also lacked specific changes,mainly presenting as subpleural ground-glass opacities and consolidations with multilobar distribution,but fibrotic changes were more common(P＜0.05).The proportion of patients with decreased absolute lymphocyte counts in the immunocompromised group was higher than that in the immunocompetent group,and the proportion of patients with elevated procalcitonin levels was higher than that in the other two groups(P＜0.05).The proportion of severe case sand the length of hospital stay in the immunocompromised group were higher and longer than those in the relatively immunocompromised and immunocompetent groups(P＜0.05).The in-hospital mortality rates in the immunocompromised,relatively immunocompromised,and immunocompetent groups were 10.17％,6.98％,and 2.38％,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion After Coronavirus Disease 2019,immunocompromised hosts do not show obvi-ous clinical and imaging features.However,they have a prolonged length of hospital stay,a signifi-cantly higher proportion of severe cases,and a tendency towards increased in-hospital mortality,which should be given high clinical attention.

Objective:To explore the relationship between urinary cadmium levels and thyroid hormone levels in people aged 40-89 years old in selected areas of China.Methods:Based on the "Investigation of the Impact of Soil Quality of Agricultural Land on Human Health in Typical Areas" project from October 2019 to August 2020, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to include 6 588 middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89. Demographic characteristics, dietary frequency and disease status were collected through the questionnaire and physical examination. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine were detected by random midstream urine. Fasting venous blood was collected for the detection of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). The linear mixed effects model was used to explore the association of urine cadmium levels with thyroid hormone levels. Its dose-response relationship was explored by using the restricted cubic spline.Results:The age of the subjects was (63.48±12.18) years, with males accounting for 51.28%. The M ( Q 1,Q 3) of urinary cadmium level, T3 and T4 was 2.48 (1.36, 4.42) μg/g·creatinine, (1.96±0.51) nmol/L and (113.75±29.11) nmol/L, respectively. The linear mixed effects model showed that the changes of T3 and T4 were 0.027 (0.009, 0.044) nmol/L and 2.019 (1.084, 2.953) nmol/L for each one-unit increase (natural logarithm transformed) of urinary cadmium. The restricted cubic spline showed that there was a positive nonlinear association between urinary cadmium and T3 as well as T4 (all Pnonlinear<0.05). Conclusion:In selected areas of China, the urinary cadmium level of middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 years is positively associated with T3 and T4.

Objective:To evaluate the levels and source of cadmium exposure by dietary pathway among middle-aged and elderly people ≥40 in cadmium-contaminated areas of China.Methods:A total of 7 193 people aged 40-89 years from four typical cadmium-contaminated areas in China were selected as the study subjects. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Total Diet Study (TDS) and a 3-day-24-hour dietary recall survey were conducted. Dietary cadmium intake and food sources through dietary pathways were assessed based on cadmium content in foods, consumption amounts and intake frequencies.Results:The mean age of the participants was 63.39±12.21 years, with 50.05% being males. The average monthly dietary cadmium intake was 7.39 μg/(kg·BW). Staple foods and vegetables were the primary sources of dietary cadmium intake, accounting for 57.51% and 32.48%, respectively. The monthly dietary cadmium intake in all surveyed regions did not exceed the Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake (PTMI) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).Conclusion:The monthly dietary cadmium intake among middle-aged and elderly people in cadmium-contaminated areas of China is relatively low, with the risk remaining at an acceptable level. Staple foods and vegetables are the most significant contributors to dietary cadmium intake.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors related to compulsive exercise in junior high school students.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, in which 836 students enrolled in the 7 th and 8 th grades of the junior high school in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, were consecutively selected from June 1-28, 2023, and their general information was collected, and questionnaires were evaluated by using Compulsive Exercise Test, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Body Image Concern. A total of 836 questionnaires were distributed and 836 questionnaires were returned, of which 797 (95.33%) were valid. Spearman′s correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between alexithymia, positive affects, negative affects, body image concern and compulsive exercise; and hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the effects of alexithymia, positive and negative affects, and body image concern on compulsive exercise in male and female junior high school students. Results:Of the 797 junior high school students included in the analysis, 377 were male, aged (14.41±0.59) years with a height of (1.73±0.07) m and a weight of (63.72±14.31) kg; and 420 were female, aged (14.35±0.55) years with a height of (1.64±0.05) m and a weight of (52.59±8.34) kg. In male and female junior high school students, alexithymia, positive affects, negative affects, and body image concern were positively correlated with compulsive exercise (male: r=0.289, 0.291, 0.286, 0.259, female: r=0.226, 0.297, 0.121, 0.244) (all P<0.05). After controlling for body mass index and age, alexithymia, positive affect, negative affect and body image concern positively predicted compulsive exercise in male students ( β=0.286, 0.294, 0.195, 0.192), and alexithymia, positive affect and body image concern positively predicted compulsive exercise in female students ( β=0.216, 0.349, 0.202) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Alexithymia and body image concern can increase the risk of compulsive exercise in both male and female junior high school students, and negative affect can increase the risk of compulsive exercise in male students.

Objective:To explore the relationship between urinary cadmium levels and thyroid hormone levels in people aged 40-89 years old in selected areas of China.Methods:Based on the "Investigation of the Impact of Soil Quality of Agricultural Land on Human Health in Typical Areas" project from October 2019 to August 2020, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to include 6 588 middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89. Demographic characteristics, dietary frequency and disease status were collected through the questionnaire and physical examination. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine were detected by random midstream urine. Fasting venous blood was collected for the detection of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). The linear mixed effects model was used to explore the association of urine cadmium levels with thyroid hormone levels. Its dose-response relationship was explored by using the restricted cubic spline.Results:The age of the subjects was (63.48±12.18) years, with males accounting for 51.28%. The M ( Q 1,Q 3) of urinary cadmium level, T3 and T4 was 2.48 (1.36, 4.42) μg/g·creatinine, (1.96±0.51) nmol/L and (113.75±29.11) nmol/L, respectively. The linear mixed effects model showed that the changes of T3 and T4 were 0.027 (0.009, 0.044) nmol/L and 2.019 (1.084, 2.953) nmol/L for each one-unit increase (natural logarithm transformed) of urinary cadmium. The restricted cubic spline showed that there was a positive nonlinear association between urinary cadmium and T3 as well as T4 (all Pnonlinear<0.05). Conclusion:In selected areas of China, the urinary cadmium level of middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 years is positively associated with T3 and T4.

In order to investigate the mechanical response of lumbar vertebrae during gait cycle in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the present study was based on computed tomography (CT) data of AIS patients to construct model of the left support phase (ML) and model of the right support phase (MR), respectively. Firstly, material properties, boundary conditions and load loading were set to simulate the lumbar vertebra-pelvis model. Then, the difference of stress and displacement in the lumbar spine between ML and MR was compared based on the stress and displacement cloud map. The results showed that in ML, the lumbar stress was mostly distributed on the convex side, while in MR, it was mostly distributed on the concave side. The stress of the two types of stress mainly gathered near the vertebral arch plate, and the stress of the vertebral arch plate was transmitted to the vertebral body through the pedicle with the progress of gait. The average stress of the intervertebral tissue in MR was greater than that in ML, and the difference of stress on the convex and convex side was greater. The displacement of lumbar vertebrae in ML decreased gradually from L1 to L5. The opposite is true in MR. In conclusion, this study can accurately quantify the stress on the lumbar spine during gait, and may provide guidance for brace design and clinical decision making.
Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging* ; Scoliosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Adolescent ; Gait/physiology* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Stress, Mechanical ; Female ; Male