BACKGROUND:Compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule has good therapeutic effects on early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,but the exact mechanism of treatment is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule on fucosyltransferase 8,osteogenic gene and Wnt/β-catenin in bone tissue of rats with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into blank group,model group,low-,middle-,and high-dose drug groups(n=12 per group).In the latter four groups,animal models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were established by subcutaneous injection of imiquimod(once every 2 weeks,2 times in total)and gluteal muscle injection of methylprednisolone(once a week,4 times in total).The low-,middle-and high-dose drug groups were given 1.89,3.78 and 7.56 g/kg per day compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule solution by gavage respectively on the second day after the last modeling.The same amount of saline was given by gavage to the model group.Administration lasted 8 weeks.After the administration,micro-CT scan,histological staining,compression test,RT-qPCR and western blot were performed on the femoral head. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Micro-CT scan results showed that compared with the blank group,trabecular volume fraction,trabecular number and trabecular thickness were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while trabecular separation was increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule could increase trabecular volume fraction,trabecular number and trabecular thickness(P<0.05),and decrease trabecular separation(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that compared with the model group,the rate of empty bone lacunae was reduced in a dose-dependent group in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with the blank group,the protein expression of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 was reduced in the model group(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule increased the protein expression of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).Results from the compression test showed that there was a dose-dependent increase in the maximum load and elastic modulus of the femoral head in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups compared with the model group(P<0.05).RT-qPCR and western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2,alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,osteoblast-specific transcription factor and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were decreased in the model group compared with the blank group(P<0.05);compared with the model group,there was a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expressions of the above indicators in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups compared with the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mRNA and protein expression of Wnt2,low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin were decreased(P<0.05)and the mRNA and protein expressions of glycogen synthase kinase 3β were increased(P<0.05)in the model group;compared with the model group,there was a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt2,low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin(P<0.05)but a dose-dependent decrease in the mRNA and protein expressions of lycogen synthase kinase 3β(P<0.05)in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups.To conclude,the mechanism by which the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule treats steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head may activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through the up-regulation of fucosyltransferase 8,thereby promoting bone formation.

Permeability is one of the determinants of intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability. The non-cell-based permeation model is a kind of in vitro permeability measurement tool, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, stable property, easy to use and customizable. According to the barrier type, non-cell-based permeation model can be divided into biomimetic barriers containing (phosphate) lipids and non-biomimetic barriers without lipids. Biomimetic permeation models include parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, vesicle-based permeation assay and PermeaPad®. Non biomimetic permeation models include Hollow fiber membrane models based on polyether sulfone materials. In foreign countries, the application of these four barriers for different purposes is gradually becoming a hot spot in drug absorption research. However, in China, there are only more applied studies on PMAPM and few published applied studies on the other three barriers. In order to meet the development needs of insoluble drug formulations, the author summarized the permeability devices and permeability calculation methods, searched the application of non-cell-based permeation model in the permeability of BSCⅡ drugs in recent years, and summarized the characteristic applications of three Biomimetic permeation models and hollow fiber membranes.

Objective: To investigate the rifampicin resistance status and its influencing factors among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the basis for improving drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods: Patients aged over 60 years with pulmonary tuberculosis treated in tuberculosis designated hospital was selected. Demographic information, history of previous disease, history of diagnosis and treatment and drug sensitivity test were collected. Rifampicin resistance among elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its influencing factors was analyzed. Results: Totally 249 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were included, with an average of (69.75±4.36) years. There were 147 males and 102 females, with a gender ratio of 1.44∶1. There were 183 treatment-naïve patients (73.49%) and 66 retreated patients (26.51%). Rifampicin resistance was found in 21 cases, with a drug resistance rate of 8.43%. Among them, there were 7 treatment-naïve patients (3.83%), and 14 retreated patients (21.21%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that retreated elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had a higher risk of rifampicin resistance (OR=10.551, 95%CI: 1.344-82.857). Conclusion The rifampicin resistance rate of 249 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 8.43% and was associated with the type of treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of abdominal adipose volume in predicting early tumor recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 132 HCC patients with tumor diameter ≤5 cm who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from December 2017 to October 2019 were collected. There were 110 males and 22 females, aged (51±4)years. All patients underwent resection of HCC. Preoperative computer tomography scanning was performed and the visceral and subcutaneous fats of patients were quantified using the Mimics Research 21.0 software. Based on time to postoperative tumor recurrence patients were divided to two categories: early recurrence and non-early recurrence. Observation indicators: (1) consistency analy-sis; (2) analysis of factors influencing early tumor recurrence after resection of HCC and construction of prediction model. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribu-tion were represented as M( Q1,Q3) or M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Consistency analysis was conducted using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC) test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the binary Logistic regression model forward method. Independent risk factors influencing early tumor recurrence after resection of HCC were screened. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to select the optimal cut-off value to classify high and low risks of recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve and calculate survival time. The Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Consistency analysis. The consistency ICC of abdominal fat parameters of visceral fat volume (VFV), subcutaneous fat volume, visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area measured by 2 radiologists were 0.84, 1.00, 0.86, and 0.94, respectively. (2) Analysis of factors influencing early tumor recurr-ence after resection of HCC and construction of prediction model. All 132 patients were followed up after surgery for 662(range, 292-1 111)days. During the follow-up, there were 52 patients with non-early recurrence and 80 patients with early recurrence. Results of multivariate analysis showed that VFV was an independent factor influencing early tumor recurrence after resection of HCC ( odds ratio=4.07, 95% confidence interval as 2.27-7.27, P<0.05). The AUC of ROC curve based on VFV was 0.78 (95% confidence interval as 0.70-0.85), and the sensitivity and specificity were 72.2 % and 77.4 %, respectively. The optimal cut-off value of VFV was 1.255 dm 3, and all 132 patients were divided into the high-risk early postoperative recurrence group of 69 cases with VFV >1.255 dm 3, and the low-risk early postoperative recurrence group of 63 cases with VFV ≤1.255 dm 3. The disease-free survival time of the high-risk early postoperative recurrence group and the low-risk early post-operative recurrence group were 414(193,702)days and 1 047(620,1 219)days, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=31.17, P<0.05). Conclusions:VFV is an independent factor influen-cing early tumor recurrence of HCC after resection. As a quantitative indicator of abdominal fat, it can predict the prognosis of HCC patients.

Objective:To explore the protective mechanism of tea polyphenols (TP) on mouse oral cancer.Methods:A total of 50 mice were divided into control group, model group, TP group, Selisistat group, TP+ Selisistat group, with 10 mice in each group. The control group was gavaged with physiological saline, while the model group, TP group, Selisistat group, and TP+ Selisistat group were gavaged with 300 mg/L 4-NQO to establish a mouse oral cancer model. Physiological saline, 200 mg/kg TP, 0.01 mg/kg Selisistat, and 200 mg/kg TP+ 0.01 mg/kg Selisistat were gavaged respectively. The weight changes of each group of mice were compared; HE staining was used to observe the morphology of mouse oral tumor tissue; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum; Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of silencing information regulatory factor (Sirt1) and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) proteins in mouse oral tissues.Results:Compared with the control group, the model group mice had a decrease in body weight [(23.19±1.36)g], a decrease in serum SOD level [(91.64±8.75)U/ml], an increase in MDA level [(5.18±0.46)nmol/ml], a decrease in Sirt1 (0.38±0.05) and Nrf2 (0.36±0.05) protein expression in oral tissue, and an increase in Nrf2 acetylation level (0.84±0.11) (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the TP group mice had an increase in body weight [(25.28±1.25)g], elevated serum SOD levels [(121.24±10.68)U/ml], decreased MDA levels [(3.89±0.42)nmol/ml], increased expression of Sirt1 (0.61±0.09) and Nrf2 (0.58±0.06) proteins in oral tissue, and decreased Nrf2 protein acetylation levels (0.39±0.05); The Selisistat group mice showed a decrease in body weight [(21.41±1.07)g], a decrease in serum SOD levels [(72.16±7.43)U/ml], an increase in MDA levels [(5.87±0.41)nmol/ml], a decrease in Sirt1 (0.23±0.04) and Nrf2 protein (0.24±0.03) expression in oral tissue, and an increase in Nrf2 acetylation levels (1.12±0.14) ( P<0.05). The body weight [(23.32±1.27)g], serum SOD levels [(92.58±8.13)U/ml], and oral Sirt1 (0.41±0.06) and Nrf2 (0.38±0.05) protein expression in the TP+ Selisistat group mice were higher than those in the Selisistat group, while MDA [(5.11±0.38)nmol/ml] and Nrf2 acetylation levels (0.82±0.09) were lower than those in the Selisistat group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Tea polyphenols can alleviate oral tissue damage and alleviate oxidative stress in mice with oral cancer, and their mechanism may be related to the upregulation of the Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.