Objective To construct nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)knockout mice in order to investigate the effects of NLRP3 knockout on radiation-induced acute pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis.Methods Nlrp3+/+and Nlrp3-/-mice were randomly divided into the control group and irradiation group.To induce radiation-caused acute pneumonitis,the control group was exposed to sham irradiation while the irradiation group was exposed to 60Co γ-rays at a dose of 22 Gy at a dose rate of 184.30 R/min.At 14 days post-irradiation,the body weight of each mouse and the wet weight of its lung tissue were measured separately using an analytical balance to calculate the lung coefficient.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)and cytometric bead array(CBA)were used to detect inflammatory responses in lung tissues and serum.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and F4/80 immunohistochemical staining were used to assess pathological changes and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues.Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1)activation was analyzed by Western blotting.To establish a model of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis,mice were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at a dose of 18 Gy at a dose rate of 174.67 R/min.At 24 weeks post-irradiation,HE staining and Masson staining were performed to evaluate pulmonary fibrosis.Results NLRP3 knockout inhibited caspase-1 activation,reduced inflammatory responses in lung tissues and serum,suppressed macrophage infiltration,alleviated pulmonary edema,and thereby protected against acute radiation-induced lung injury.Additionally,NLRP3 knockout significantly ameliorated late-stage radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Conclusion NLRP3 knockout can mitigate both early radiation-induced pneumonia and lateradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To explore the role of dapansutrile(OLT1177)in radiation-induced intestinal injury and the mechanism.Methods C57BL/6J mice were locally irradiated in the abdomen with 60Co to induce a model of radiation-induced intestinal injury.OLT1177 was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 100 mg/kg 2 hours before irradiation and 6 hours after irradiation before the drug was administered once a day.At 12 hours after irradiation,intestinal tissues were taken for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining to detect apoptosis in intestinal tissues.At 4 days after irradiation,mouse serum was collected to detect the levels of inflammatory factors in the serum.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)stainingwas used for the evaluation of the damage to the intestinal villus structure.Immunohistochemical staining was adopted to detect the changes in crypt proliferation in intestinal tissues.Finally,proteins were isolated from intestinal tissues,and Western blotting was employed to evaluate the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome.Results After irradiation,the intestinal villi in mice were shortened.Meanwhile,there was a notable declinein the number of cells that were proliferating in the crypts,a surge in the number of apoptotic cells,and a significant spike in the overall inflammatory level.However,administration of OLT1177 inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,reduced apoptosis and pyroptosis,decreased the inflammatory level,and thus improved radiation-induced intestinal injury.Conclusion Administration of OLT1177 can significantly mitigate radiation-induced intestinal injury.

Objective To study the effect of different types of renal puncture needles on the risk of bleeding after renal puncture.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 428 patients who under-went renal biopsy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Jiulongpo District People's Hospital of Chongqing from January 2020 to December 2022.Different types of puncture needles were used to compare the occurrence of postoperative bleeding complications(hematoma,hematuria).Results The incidence of bleeding complications after renal puncture in 428 patients was 21.0％(90/428),of which the incidence of hematoma was 18.9％(81/428),the incidence of hematuria was 2.1％(9/428),the median decrease in hemoglobin(Hb)was 5 g/L,and the incidence of serious complications such as blood transfusion and interventional therapy was 0.7％(4/428).The patients with different types of renal puncture needles were grouped(16G group,18G group).There was no significant difference in baseline data and distri-bution of renal pathological types between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of postoperative bleeding in 16G group and 18G group was 22.4％(52/232)and 19.4％(38/196),respectively.The incidence of hema-toma was 20.6％(48/232)and 16.8％(33/196),respectively.The incidence of hematuria was 1.7％(4/232)and 2.6％(5/196),respectively.The decrease of Hb was 6(0,16)g/L and 4(0,17)g/L,respectively.There was no significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of serious compli-cations such as blood transfusion,interventional therapy and Hb decrease＞10 g/L between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is safe and has a low incidence of serious complica-tions.There was no significant relationship between different puncture needle types and postoperative bleeding risk.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.

Objective:To explore whether there is a solution to the trilemma of health policy,and to reveal whether the health policy and policy portfolio can simultaneously improve the"health","wealth"and"equity"of residents.Methods:The study constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and indicator estimation procedure that includes human health capital,and used Bayesian model comparison method to determine reasonable model settings.Using numerical simulation methods,by adjusting the corresponding parameters,it also simulates the policy effect of implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy and medical quality management policy separately,as well as the policy effects of combining these two policies.Results:Simply implementing comprehensive medical supervision policy may lead to the deviation of health outcomes from health affordability and financing equity,and simply implementing medical quality management policy may lead to the deviation of health affordability from health outcomes and financing fairness,and the combination of these two policies can effectively solve the trilemma of health policy.Conclusion:The problem of health policy trilemma is not unsolvable,and the mutual deviation of"health","wealth"and"equity"can be reconciled through reasonable policy combination design.