OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of tirofiban for early neurological deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 126 patients with early neurological deterioration of acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to the Department of Neurology， Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method， with 63 cases in each group. All patients received standardized treatment such as lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering therapy. Based on the standard treatment， patients in the control group additionally took Aspirin enteric-coated tablets 100 mg+Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets 75 mg orally （once a day， for 14 consecutive days）. The patients in the observation group received Tirofiban hydrochloride and sodium chloride injection based on the standardized treatment [first intravenous infusion of 0.40 μg/（kg·min） for 30 min， and then continuous intravenous infusion of 0.10 μg/（kg·min） for 47.5 h]； subsequently， patients were given Aspirin enteric-coated tablets （100 mg） and Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets （75 mg） once a day for 14 consecutive days. The clinical efficacy， the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） score， modified Rankin Scale （mRS） score， and hemorheological indexes before and after treatment were compared between the two groups， and the adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS The total effective rate （87.30%） of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group （71.43%） （P＜0.05）. NIHSS scores of the two groups at 1st， 7th and 14th day after treatment， the mRS score at 90th day after treatment， and the platelet aggregation rate， whole blood viscosity， plasma viscosity and fibrinogen at 14th day after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in the same group， and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group at the same period （P＜0.05）. The total incidences of adverse reactions such as nausea， headache， fever， gastrointestinal bleeding， oral and nasal mucosal bleeding and thrombocytopenia in both groups of patients were 28.57% respectively， with no statistically significant difference （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS For patients with early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke， the addition of tirofiban can accelerate the recovery of neurological function， improve blood hyperviscosity and platelet aggregation， and improve the prognosis of patients with good safety.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Ephedra-Cinnamomum couplet medicinals on respiratory function and airway inflammation in rats with asthma of cold-fluid retention in lung syndrome and its mechanism. METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， dexamethasone group [1 mg/（kg·d）]， and Ephedra-Cinnamomum low-， medium-， high-dose groups [0.234， 0.936， 1.872 g/（kg·d）]， with 10 rats in each group. The model and treatment groups were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of antigen solution （ovalbumin 100 mg + aluminum hydroxide 100 mg） and challenged with 1% ovalbumin nebulization， along with exposure to a cold environment and ingestion of cold water， to establish the asthma model with cold-fluid retention in lung syndrome. From day 2， rats received corresponding drugs or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 21 consecutive days. The general behavioral changes in each group of rats were observed during the experimental process. The lung function parameters [peak expiratory flow （PEF）， airway resistance （Raw）， functional residual capacity （FRC）， expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity （EF50%）] Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（No.82004233）； were measured before modeling and after the last medication as well as serum contents of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-13， tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α） and interferon-gamma （IFN- γ） after the last medication were determined； the histopathological morphological changes in the lung tissues of rats were also observed； mRNA expressions of IL-6， IL-3， TNF-α， IFN-γ， thymic stromal lymphopoietin （TSLP）， and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， as well as protein expressions of TSLP and TLR4 were determined in lung tissue. RESULTS Compared with model group， the lung tissue damage of rats was relieved significantly； Raw， FRC， the contents and mRNA expression levels of IL-6， IL-13 and TNF-α， as well as the mRNA and protein expressions of TSLP and TLR4 were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， while the contents and mRNA expressions of PEF， EF50 % and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the dexamethasone group and Ephedra-Cinnamomum medium- and high-dose groups （P＜0.05）. Moreover， only a few rats in the two groups exhibited typical symptoms of asthma. CONCLUSIONS Ephedra-Cinnamomum couplet medicinals improve respiratory function and ameliorate airway inflammation in asthma rats with cold-fluid retention in lung syndrome， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting TSLP/TLR4 signaling pathway and modulating Th1/Th2 imbalance.

OBJECTIVE To systematically summarize the working model of pharmacy consultation in medical institutions in China， and to provide reference for the normalization of process， standardization of content and homogenization of services of pharmacy consultation. METHODS A systematic search of Chinese and English literature databases was conducted to incorporate the literature on the working model of pharmacy consultation published by medical institutions in China. Two researchers screened and extracted the key information， and ultimately conducted qualitative summary and descriptive analysis. RESULTS Based on the included 11 articles， the pharmacy consultation working models were explored by clinical pharmacists in China. The contents of consultation mainly involved anti-infection， parenteral nutrition， cancer pain， etc. The general concept of pharmacy consultation should refer to the constructed flowchart， specific consultation problems could refer to the pathway， mind map， or decision tree and other framework guidance to carry out the work. Finally， consultation opinions could be written according to the consultation system or specialty consultation templates， and the adoption of a new working model （such as pharmacist active consultation） could also promote the number and acceptance rate of pharmacy consultation. CONCLUSIONS A series of working models of pharmacy consultation have been initially explored in medical institutions in China. However， it is not yet perfect and lacks a unified quality control and evaluation system for pharmacy consultation， which should be the focus of future research and practice.

OBJECTIVE To explore the practicality of the pharmaceutical pathway for prophylactic use of antibiotics during the perioperative period of class Ⅰ neurosurgery incisions. METHODS The previously established pharmaceutical pathway for the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the perioperative period of class Ⅰ neurosurgery incisions was used to retrospectively evaluate the prophylactic use of antibiotics in 127 cases. The “antibiotics prophylactic use scoring system” in the pharmaceutical pathway was used to conduct preoperative scoring， and the patient’s actual antibiotics use was compared and analyzed in combination with existing Guiding Principles for Clinical Application of Antibiotics （2015 Edition） （hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Principles）. The pharmaceutical pathway also innovatively proposes key points for improvement in terms of the frequency of adding antibiotics during surgery and the duration of prophylactic use of antibiotics after surgery. By comparing with the actual medication situation of patients， the direction for updating the Guiding Principles was explored. RESULTS According to the retrospective analysis results， for neurosurgery class Ⅰ incision surgery， in addition to the preoperative prophylactic use of antibacterial drugs for skull mass resection and carotid endarterectomy recommended in the guidelines， endoscopic trigeminal microvascular decompression， arthroscopy and other specific joint examinations， spinal nerve Radical decompression， endoscopic lumbar nucleectomy， dural repair， and spinal canal decompression can also be further explored about the situation of not using antibacterial prophylaxis before surgery； at the same time， for the patients undergoing class Ⅰ neurosurgery incisions， the use of antibiotics during and after surgery may be considered for a second addition of antibiotics， taking into account the surgical time. If cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred after surgery， it is recommended to extend the duration of prophylactic use of antibiotics appropriately. CONCLUSIONS The application of pharmaceutical pathways can provide more targeted analysis of key points in the prevention of antibiotic use， which promotes the transformation of perioperative antibiotics management for class Ⅰ incisions from “qualitative， empirical” management to “quantitative， scientific” management.

Objective To investigate the expression level and diagnostic value of serum DNA polymerase α(DNA pol α)in Alzheimer's disease(AD),and analyze its diagnostic efficacy in AD.Methods A total of 100 patients of dementia of Alzheimer's type(DAT)and 43 patients of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)from Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University from March 2019 to April 2023 were included in this study,and 68 healthy individuals of the same age group were collected as the HC group.The expression level of DNA pol α was detected in each group,and the diagnostic value of DNA pol α in AD was analyzed by receiver oper-ating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The expression level of DNA pol α in DAT group was higher than those in the MCI group(P＜0.05)and the HC group(P＜0.001).The expression level of DNA pol α showed an increasing trend as AD progressed.The expression level of DNA pol α was negatively correlated with Mini Intelligent Mental State Examination Scale(MMSE)score and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)score(r=-0.155 3,-0.203 7,P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of DNA pol α for diagnosing DAT was 0.682,and the sensitivity was 0.900.The AUC for diagnosing MCI was 0.546,and the sensitivity was 0.977.The AUC for differential diagnosis of MCI and DAT was 0.664,the sensitivity was 0.780,and the specificity was 0.535.Conclusion The expression level of DNA pol α is significantly increased in AD patients with DAT,and its expression level is related to the progression of AD,suggesting that DNA pol α has the pos-sibility to be a potential blood biomarker for the diagnosis of AD.

Objective:To investigate the application of digital scanning combined with reverse engineering technology in the teaching of full crown preparation.Methods:A total of 30 undergraduate students in the fifth grade of stomatology were selected from Shantou University Medical College and were divided into experimental group and control group using a random number table. Two resin teeth were distributed to each student and were placed on dental head simulators to perform full crown preparation. The students in the control group received teaching with analogies of experience, and those in the experimental group received teaching with digital scanning, i.e., full crown preparation for the second time after digital scanning for the first time of full crown preparation. The score was determined based on China Stomatological Association Standards: Guideline for the tooth preparation of dental ceramic crowns (T/CHSA 008—2023), with a total score of 100 points. SAS9.4 software was used for the two-independent-samples t test and the paired t-test, and the Kendall W concordance coefficient was used to investigate the consistency of evaluators. Results:There were significant changes after teaching in the preparation scores of the right maxillary central incisor (76.27 pre-demonstration vs. 84.70 post-demonstration, P<0.001) and the right maxillary first molar (72.10 pre-demonstration vs. 82.37 post-demonstration, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a significant increase in the mean preparation score of the right maxillary first molar (14.00 vs. 6.53, t=2.64, P=0.014). In the experimental group, there were significant increases in the preparation scores of the right maxillary first molar for the occlusal surface (15.40 pre-demonstration vs. 19.33 post-demonstration, P<0.001), the buccolingual surface (18.13 pre-demonstration vs. 20.87 post-demonstration, P=0.016), and the proximal surface (12.40 pre-demonstration vs. 14.07 post-demonstration, P=0.004), as well as significant increases in the scores of the convergence angles of the buccolingual surface (2.80 pre-demonstration vs. 4.07 post-demonstration, P=0.004) and the proximal surface (3.47 pre-demonstration vs. 4.47 post-demonstration, P=0.008). Conclusions:Application of digital teaching for difficult crown preparation of posterior teeth can effectively improve the quality of crown preparation among students, standardize the teaching process of crown preparation, and increase the precision of crown preparation, thereby laying a foundation for promoting uniformity in talent cultivation for dental prosthodontics.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease,mainly due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SN)of the midbrain,resulting in motor dysfunction.Dental stem cells(DSCs)are derived from the cranial neural crest which can be easily harvested.DSCs coming from the cranial neural crest have excellent proliferation and differentiation ability,and can promote nerve repair and regeneration.DSCs can secrete new dopamine neurons and secrete a large number of neurotro-phic factors(NTFs)to improve the neural function,and also inhibit the neuroinflammatory response through immune modulation.DSCs can effectively alleviate the motor dysfunction in rats with PD and play an important role in R&D of regenerative medicine.

Placental diseases may affect the outcome of pregnancy and long-term health of the mother and fetus. Fetal fraction is a key indicator for the success of non-invasive prenatal testing, and has been associated with gestational age, body mass index and fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. Many studies have found that fetal fraction is also related to placenta-derived diseases and may become a new predictor for such diseases. This article has summarized the association between the two, with an aim to provide new ideas for the prediction of placental diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of zalcitabine(ddC),a mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ(POLG)inhibitor,on the migration,invasion,and to preliminarily explore mitochondrial biogenesis of human tri-ple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.Methods The effect of ddC on cell viability was detected using the MTT assay.The migration and invasion abilities of the cells were evaluated using the cell scratch and Transwell in-vasion assays.Cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry and a V-FITC/PI cell apoptosis detection kit.The protein expression of POLG,NADH dehydrogenase subunit Ⅰ(NADH1),NADH dehydrogenase subunit Ⅱ(NADH2),ATP synthase subunit 6(ATPase6),cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COX-1)and cytochrome c ox-idase subunit Ⅲ(COX-3)were determined using Western blot.The POLG mRNA level and mtDNA copy number were determined using qPCR.The mitochondrial content and ATP levels were determined using MitoTracker Green fluorescent probe staining and an ATP determination kit.MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-EG-FP-POLG plasmids to overexpress POLG.The inhibitory effects of ddC on cell migration and invasion were detected in POLG-overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells.Results POLG expression was higher in MDA-MB-231 cells than in normal mammary epithelial cells(MCF-10A)(P＜0.01).ddC inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent man-ner.ddC inhibited the migration(P＜0.01)and invasion(P＜0.01)of MDA-MB-231 cells;however,it dis-played no significant inhibitory effects on cell viability in normal mammary epithelial cells(MCF-10A)at the same concentration.ddC downregulated the protein(P＜0.01)and mRNA(P＜0.01)levels of POLG,reduced mtD-NA copy number(P＜0.01)and downregulated mtDNA-coded NADH1,NADH2,ATPase6,COX-1 and COX-3 protein expression(P＜0.01)in MDA-MB-231 cells.Furthermore ddC inhibited mitochondrial content(P＜0.01)and ATP(P＜0.01)levels in MDA-MB-231 cells.POLG overexpression increased the migration(P＜0.05)and invasion(P＜0.05)abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells,while ddC did not significantly inhibit the migra-tion and invasion abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing POLG.Conclusion ddC downregulates POLG ex-pression in MDA-MB-231 cells and inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP levels,thereby inhibiting the migra-tion and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells.

Thalamocortical circuitry has a substantial impact on emotion and cognition.Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in thalamocortical functional connectivity(FC),characterized by region-dependent hypo-or hyper-connectivity,among individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD).However,the dynamical reconfiguration of the thalamocortical system over time and potential abnormalities in dynamic thalamocortical connectivity associated with MDD remain unclear.Hence,we analyzed dynamic FC(dFC)between ten thalamic subregions and seven cortical subnetworks from resting-state functional magnetic resonance images of 48 patients with MDD and 57 healthy controls(HCs)to investigate time-varying changes in thalamocortical FC in patients with MDD.Moreover,dynamic laterality analysis was conducted to examine the changes in functional lateralization of the thalamocortical system over time.Correlations between the dynamic measures of thalamocortical FC and clinical assessment were also calculated.We identified four dynamic states of thalamocortical circuitry wherein patients with MDD exhibited decreased fractional time and reduced transitions within a negative connectivity state that showed strong correlations with primary cortical networks,compared with the HCs.In addition,MDD patients also exhibited increased fluctuations in functional laterality in the thalamocortical system across the scan duration.The thalamo-subnetwork analysis unveiled abnormal dFC variability involving higher-order cortical networks in the MDD cohort.Significant correlations were found between increased dFC variability with dorsal attention and default mode networks and the severity of symptoms.Our study comprehensively investigated the pattern of alteration of the thalamocortical dFC in MDD patients.The heterogeneous alterations of dFC between the thalamus and both primary and higher-order cortical networks may help characterize the deficits of sensory and cognitive processing in MDD.