The theory of "origin essence-origin qi-origin spirit" is rooted in the theory of "essence-qi-spirit", which explains that origin essence, origin qi, origin spirit as the important material foundation, energy power and regulation center in the process of growth and development of the organism, are mutual and complementary to each other, and operate orderly under the guidance of the ministerial fire. Tumor is essentially an abnormal disorder of the growth and development process of the organism, and its occurrence and development are directly related to the mutation of origin essence and the alienation of ministerial fire, and closely related to the attenuation of origin qi, the departure of ministerial fire, and the inefficiency of origin spirit, and the delusional movement of ministerial fire. Based on the theory of "origin essence-origin qi-origin spirit", the tumor can be treated in the clinic by regulating the ministerial fire suppressing origin essence to inhibit the tumor development, strengthening the spleen and benefiting the qi to slow down the attenuation of origin qi, and nourishing the heart and cultivating the mind to stabilize the power of origin spirit in order to further improve the understanding of TCM on the etiology of tumors, and at the same time, to provide a new direction and ideas for the clinical treatment of tumors.

OBJECTIVES: Obtaining informed consent from research participants is an ethical and legal obligation for medical researchers in clinical studies. Electronic informed consent (eIC) is increasingly being adopted in clinical research worldwide. However, there is limited data on Chinese medical researchers' knowledge and attitudes toward eIC. This study aims to investigate their knowledge, attitudes, and influencing factors regarding eIC use in clinical research. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using stratified random sampling. From June to August 2022, medical researchers from 8 tertiary hospitals were surveyed via an online platform (Wenjuanxing). A self-developed eIC knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale were used to assess participants' understanding and perceptions of eIC. Univariate analysis was employed to explore factors influencing attitude scores and the correlation between knowledge and attitudes. A generalized linear model was used to analyze associations between demographic characteristics and attitude scores, including the frequency of difficulties in using smartphones or computers, preferred device for using eIC, and their interaction effects. Stratified analysis was further performed for significant interactions. RESULTS: A total of 399 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean accuracy rate on the eIC knowledge questionnaire was (94.88±15.50)%. Of the respondents, 74.9% had heard of eIC, and 84.5% preferred using mobile devices over computers to access eIC. The median attitude score was 3.41 (3.18, 3.76), indicating generally positive attitudes. Specifically, 81.7% found eIC more convenient than paper-based consent, 79.7% considered it more efficient, and 51.1% believed it could fully replace paper forms. However, 60.7% expressed concerns about data security and privacy, and 89.7% believed that relevant laws and regulations need improvement. Spearman correlation analysis showed a weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r=0.171, P=0.001). Univariate analysis indicated that the frequency of difficulty using devices and preferred device for eIC were significantly associated with attitude scores (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the generalized linear model demonstrated that participants who occasionally experienced had difficulty using devices had significantly lower attitude scores compared to those who never had difficulty (β=-0.040, 95% CI -0.071 to -0.009, P=0.012). Those who preferred using PCs had significantly lower attitude scores than those who preferred mobile devices (β=-0.066, 95% CI -0.108 to -0.023, P=0.002). Interaction analysis showed a significant interaction analysis showed a significant interaction between age and preferred device (P=0.011), particularly among participants aged ≥45-year (P<0.001). No other interactions were found to be significant (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Medical researchers in China generally have a high level of knowledge and positive attitudes toward eIC, though concerns remain regarding data security and privacy. Future promotion of eIC in Chinese clinical research should be grounded in ethical considerations and address the specific needs of older users and mobile device users, while also enhancing researchers' competencies in using digital tools and eIC systems.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Informed Consent ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Male ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Adult ; Biomedical Research ; Research Personnel/psychology* ; Middle Aged ; China

Objective·To preliminarily investigate the value of high-order functional magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors and the changes after chemotherapy.Methods·Patients clinically diagnosed with bone and soft tissue tumors at the Department of Orthopaedics,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from October 2014 to December 2024 were enrolled.The patients were divided into a control group and an amide proton transfer-weighted imaging(APTw)group according to the imaging method.All patients underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging(DCE)before surgery.Patients in the APTw group received additional APTw imaging.Both groups were divided into non-malignant and malignant lesion subgroups according to pathological results.According to whether the patients received chemotherapy before enrollment,the patients with malignant lesions in the APTw group were further divided into malignant group without chemotherapy and malignant group with chemotherapy.Clinical and imaging data,including APT values,apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),and time-intensity curves(TICs)from the largest tumor section,were collected and analyzed to assess the diagnostic performance of APTw,DWI,and DCE,and to evaluate changes after chemotherapy.Results·Eighty-five patients were enrolled,including 51 males and 34 females,with ages ranging from 10 to 84 years,and a mean age of(43.05±17.62)years.There were 51 patients in the control group(16 with non-malignant lesions and 35 with malignant lesions)and 34 patients in the APTw group(5 with non-malignant lesions and 29 with malignant lesions;23 malignant lesions without chemotherapy and 6 malignant lesions with chemotherapy).The clinical and imaging data showed that only the tumor margin of the control group and the maximum tumor diameter of the APTw group had statistically significant differences in their malignant and non-malignant lesion groups(P<0.05).In the APTw group,there was a statistically significant difference in APT values between the malignant lesion group and the non-malignant lesion group(P<0.001).Further analysis showed that the APT values in the malignant group without chemotherapy were significantly lower than that in the malignant group with chemotherapy(P<0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in APT values between the malignant group with chemotherapy and the non-malignant lesion group(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in ADC values and TIC types between malignant and non-malignant lesion groups in the control group and the APTw group(P>0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the diagnostic model in the APTw group(MRI+DWI+DCE+APTw)for distinguishing malignant from benign tumors was significantly higher than that of the control group(MRI+DWI+DCE)(P<0.05).The Youden index and specificity of the diagnostic model in the APTw group were higher than those in the control group.Conclusion·As a high-order functional MRI technique,APTw imaging is capable of evaluating the nature(benign or malignant)of bone and soft tissue tumors and detecting changes after chemotherapy.It serves as a valuable supplement to conventional MRI,DWI,and DCE imaging,providing a novel noninvasive tool for the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of bone and soft tissue tumors.

Objective:To adapt and validate the Chinese version of the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire(SRQ)and evaluate its psychometric properties among supervisees.Methods:Item analysis,exploratory factor anal-ysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)were conducted on data from 888 supervisees recruited via on-line platform.Test-retest reliability over a four-week interval was examined in a randomly selected subset of 70 su-pervisees.An additional sample of 367 supervisees completed the Supervisory Relationship Scale(SRS)to evaluate criterion validity.Results:The revised SRQ contained 65 items and 6 factors.Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported six-factor structure(safe base,structure,commitment,reflective education,role model and formative feedback),explaining 66.52％of the variance,with factor loadings of the items ranging from 0.58 to 0.83.The revised SRQ had six factors with good fit indices(x2/df=1.31,GFI=0.81,NFI=0.87,CFI=0.97,TLI=0.90,IFI=0.91,RMSEA=0.03,SRMR=0.05).The scores of the revised SRQ were positively correlated with the scores of SRS(ICC=0.96,P＜0.01).The Cronbach α coefficient of the revised SRQ was 0.97,and the test-retest reliability coefficient(ICC)was 0.74.Conclusion:The SRQ-C demonstrates sound psy-chometric properties,including structural validity,criterion-related validity,internal consistency,and temporal stabil-ity.It is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing supervisory relationships from the supervisee perspective.

Objective To explore the effect of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation(aiTBS)on post-stroke depression(PSD).Methods From July,2021 to July,2023,48 PSD patients in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly assigned to control group(n=16),high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(HF-rTMS)group(n=16)and aiTBS group(n=16).aiTBS group received left-sided aiTBS treatment at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),HF-rTMS group received left-sided 10 Hz rTMS treatment at DLPFC,and the control group received left-sided sham stimulation treatment,for three weeks.They were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)before and after treat-ment,and one month of follow-up.Results One case dropped down in each group.The inter-group effect,intra-group effect and interaction effect of HAMD,HAMA and BDI scores were all significant(F>3.235,P<0.05).The post-hoc test results showed that the scores of HAMD,HMMA and BDI were lower in HF-rTMS group and aiTBS group than in the control group(P<0.05),and no significant difference was found between HF-rTMS group and aiTBS group(P>0.05).There was significant difference in the effective rate of depression improvement among three groups(χ2=7.834,P=0.019),the effective rate was higher in aiTBS group than in the control group(P<0.017),and no significant dif-ference was found between HF-rTMS group and aiTBS group(P>0.017).Conclusion aiTBS can improve the depression and anxiety symptoms of patients with PSD,with shorter treatment time,compared with HF-rTMS.

Objective To explore the effect of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation(aiTBS)on post-stroke depression(PSD).Methods From July,2021 to July,2023,48 PSD patients in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly assigned to control group(n=16),high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(HF-rTMS)group(n=16)and aiTBS group(n=16).aiTBS group received left-sided aiTBS treatment at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),HF-rTMS group received left-sided 10 Hz rTMS treatment at DLPFC,and the control group received left-sided sham stimulation treatment,for three weeks.They were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)before and after treat-ment,and one month of follow-up.Results One case dropped down in each group.The inter-group effect,intra-group effect and interaction effect of HAMD,HAMA and BDI scores were all significant(F>3.235,P<0.05).The post-hoc test results showed that the scores of HAMD,HMMA and BDI were lower in HF-rTMS group and aiTBS group than in the control group(P<0.05),and no significant difference was found between HF-rTMS group and aiTBS group(P>0.05).There was significant difference in the effective rate of depression improvement among three groups(χ2=7.834,P=0.019),the effective rate was higher in aiTBS group than in the control group(P<0.017),and no significant dif-ference was found between HF-rTMS group and aiTBS group(P>0.017).Conclusion aiTBS can improve the depression and anxiety symptoms of patients with PSD,with shorter treatment time,compared with HF-rTMS.

Objective:To adapt and validate the Chinese version of the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire(SRQ)and evaluate its psychometric properties among supervisees.Methods:Item analysis,exploratory factor anal-ysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)were conducted on data from 888 supervisees recruited via on-line platform.Test-retest reliability over a four-week interval was examined in a randomly selected subset of 70 su-pervisees.An additional sample of 367 supervisees completed the Supervisory Relationship Scale(SRS)to evaluate criterion validity.Results:The revised SRQ contained 65 items and 6 factors.Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported six-factor structure(safe base,structure,commitment,reflective education,role model and formative feedback),explaining 66.52％of the variance,with factor loadings of the items ranging from 0.58 to 0.83.The revised SRQ had six factors with good fit indices(x2/df=1.31,GFI=0.81,NFI=0.87,CFI=0.97,TLI=0.90,IFI=0.91,RMSEA=0.03,SRMR=0.05).The scores of the revised SRQ were positively correlated with the scores of SRS(ICC=0.96,P＜0.01).The Cronbach α coefficient of the revised SRQ was 0.97,and the test-retest reliability coefficient(ICC)was 0.74.Conclusion:The SRQ-C demonstrates sound psy-chometric properties,including structural validity,criterion-related validity,internal consistency,and temporal stabil-ity.It is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing supervisory relationships from the supervisee perspective.

Objective·To preliminarily investigate the value of high-order functional magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors and the changes after chemotherapy.Methods·Patients clinically diagnosed with bone and soft tissue tumors at the Department of Orthopaedics,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from October 2014 to December 2024 were enrolled.The patients were divided into a control group and an amide proton transfer-weighted imaging(APTw)group according to the imaging method.All patients underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging(DCE)before surgery.Patients in the APTw group received additional APTw imaging.Both groups were divided into non-malignant and malignant lesion subgroups according to pathological results.According to whether the patients received chemotherapy before enrollment,the patients with malignant lesions in the APTw group were further divided into malignant group without chemotherapy and malignant group with chemotherapy.Clinical and imaging data,including APT values,apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),and time-intensity curves(TICs)from the largest tumor section,were collected and analyzed to assess the diagnostic performance of APTw,DWI,and DCE,and to evaluate changes after chemotherapy.Results·Eighty-five patients were enrolled,including 51 males and 34 females,with ages ranging from 10 to 84 years,and a mean age of(43.05±17.62)years.There were 51 patients in the control group(16 with non-malignant lesions and 35 with malignant lesions)and 34 patients in the APTw group(5 with non-malignant lesions and 29 with malignant lesions;23 malignant lesions without chemotherapy and 6 malignant lesions with chemotherapy).The clinical and imaging data showed that only the tumor margin of the control group and the maximum tumor diameter of the APTw group had statistically significant differences in their malignant and non-malignant lesion groups(P<0.05).In the APTw group,there was a statistically significant difference in APT values between the malignant lesion group and the non-malignant lesion group(P<0.001).Further analysis showed that the APT values in the malignant group without chemotherapy were significantly lower than that in the malignant group with chemotherapy(P<0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in APT values between the malignant group with chemotherapy and the non-malignant lesion group(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in ADC values and TIC types between malignant and non-malignant lesion groups in the control group and the APTw group(P>0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the diagnostic model in the APTw group(MRI+DWI+DCE+APTw)for distinguishing malignant from benign tumors was significantly higher than that of the control group(MRI+DWI+DCE)(P<0.05).The Youden index and specificity of the diagnostic model in the APTw group were higher than those in the control group.Conclusion·As a high-order functional MRI technique,APTw imaging is capable of evaluating the nature(benign or malignant)of bone and soft tissue tumors and detecting changes after chemotherapy.It serves as a valuable supplement to conventional MRI,DWI,and DCE imaging,providing a novel noninvasive tool for the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of bone and soft tissue tumors.

Objective To investigate the status quo of pain catastrophizing(PC)in the patients with di-abetic peripheral neuropathic pain(DPNP),and to analyze the influencing factors to provide reference for for-mulating clinical preventive intervention strategies.Methods A total of 206 patients with DPNP admitted and treated in the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as the research sub-jects by convenience sampling method.The general data questionnaire,Numerical Rating Scale(NRS),Pain Catastrophizing scale(PCS),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)and diabetes distress scale(DDS)were used to conduct the investigation.Results The incidence rate of PC in 206 cases of DPNP patients was 44.66％(92/206),and the total score of PCS was(30.10±5.16)points.The results of multiple linear regres-sion analysis showed that the gender,duration of diabetes(≥10 years),multiple drug use,number of compli-cations(＞5),NRS score,PSSS score and scores of DDS dimensions were the main influencing factors of PC(all P＜0.05),which could explain 92.3％of the total variation of PC.Conclusion The PC incidence rate in the patients with DPNP is high.Clinical healthcare workers should pay attention to the evaluation of PC in these patients,and formulate the scientific and effective targeted intervention measures according to the main influen-cing factors to help the patients to reduce the pain burden in order to reduce the level of PC.

Objective To explore the mechanism of acute liver injury induced by Cortex dictamni through network pharmacology and in vivo experiment in animal.Methods The chemical constituents and targets of Cortex dictamni were retrieved from TCMSP,TCMIP and SwissTargetPrediction databases,and the related targets of liver injury diseases were identified through GeneCards and CTD databases.The protein interaction network of the intersection targets was analyzed by STRING database and the core targets were selected.The GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were completed by DAVID database,and the multi-level association network diagram of"drug-component-target"was constructed by Cytoscape software.In the animal study,Cortex dictamni was administered to mice at a dosage of 92.7 g/(kg·d)via intragastric administration,and the biological samples were collected after 7 days.The pathological changes of liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE),Masson and Oil Red O staining.The expression levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in serum,as well as malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin(IL)-1β in liver tissues,were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expressions of protein kinase B1(AKT1),IL-6,TNF-α,tumor protein p53(TP53),cystatin 3(CASP3),and IL-1β mRNA in liver tissues were determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR).Molecular docking was employed to verify the binding affinity of potentially toxic components to their respective targets.Results A total of 14 chemical constituents,244 predicted targets and 202 intersection targets with liver injury were obtained.The GO biological process analysis mainly involved positive regulation of gene expression,negative regulation of apoptosis process.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly included cancer pathway and PI3K-Akt,TNF,IL-17 signaling pathways.The pathological sections revealed severe hemorrhage,a considerable amount of hepatocyte necrosis,nuclear fragmentation or dissolution in the liver tissues of mouse with HE staining after the administration of Cortex dictamni.Masson staining showed evident fibrosis in the liver tissues,while Oil Red O staining indicated a substantial production of lipid droplets.Compared with the control group,the ELISA results demonstrated a significant increase in serum AST,ALT,ALP,LDH levels,as well as hepatic MDA,TNF-α,and IL-1β levels(P<0.05),and a decrease in hepatic SOD levels(P<0.05)in the treated group.The qRT-PCR results indicated a significant elevation in the expression levels of relevant mRNAs in the liver tissues of the treated mice(P<0.05).Molecular docking showed that the potentially toxic components of obacunone,dictamnine and fraxinellon had good binding affinity to AKT1,IL-6,TNF-α,TP53,CASP3 and IL-1β.Conclusion Obacunone,dictamnine,fraxinellon,and limonin might be the potential toxic components of acute liver injury induced by Cortex dictamni in mice.Cortex dictamni could act on the liver by changing the expressions of AKT1,IL-6,TNF-α,TP53,CASP3,IL-1β and other proteins,affecting energy metabolism,cell differentiation,inflammation,oxidative stress and immunity,leading to liver injury.