AIM:To study the effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN)on renal fibrosis in mice with Al-port syndrome(AS)through TGFβ/Smad3 pathway.METHODS:SPF grade female X-linked AS(COL4A5 KI)mice were divided into model group(AS group)and model drug administration group(AS+NMN group).while female C57BL/6 mice served as the wild-type(WT)group,with 7 to 8 mice in each group.The mice in the administration group were given oral administration at 8 weeks of age for 8 weeks to 16 weeks of age.The remaining mice were given saline intragastric ad-ministration.The ratio of urinary microalbumin to urinary creatinine(UACR)was measured by biochemical method.After sampling,the renal fibrosis was analyzed by Masson staining.The expression levels of desmin and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of fibrosis-related proteins desmin,α-SMA,trans-forming growth factor β(TGFβ),Smad3,p-Smad3,and fibronectin were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Com-pared with the model group,UACR(13 weeks,P＜0.01;15 weeks,P＜0.01)and fibrosis-related protein expression(P＜0.05)in AS mice were significantly decreased after NMN treatment.CONCLUSION:Treatment with NMN attenuates renal fibrosis in AS mice through TGFβ/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma mechanism of Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms-Laub.via network pharmacology,molecular docking techniques and in vitro experiments.Methods Chemical composition of Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms-Laub.was searched by literature.Swiss Target Prediction was used to find corresponding targets.STRING was used to construct protein-protein interactions network(PPI).DAVID was used to enrich GO analysis and KEGG pathway.AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 and Pymol visualisation was used for docking and validation.Results Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms-Laub.had 61 active components,685 targets,and 279 intersections with disease targets.The PPI showed that the main active components were Luteolin,Chloranthalactone C,Shizukanolide H,Esculetin,7-Hydroxycoumarin.The key targets were GAPDH,VEGFA,STAT3,JUN,HSP90AA1,AKT1,CTNNB1,CASP3,and ALB.Biological process(BP)involved protein phosphorylation,signal transduction,regulation of RNA polymerase II promoter transcription,cell proliferation,apoptosis.Cellular component(CC)involved cytoplasm,nucleus,cell membrane,cellular exosome.Molecular function(MF)involves protein binding,ATPase,threonine kinase,protein kinase activity.KEGG involved cancer pathway,metabolic pathway,PI3K-Akt signalling pathway,cancer proteoglycans,lipids and atherosclerosis,cytomegalovirus infection,microRNAs in cancer,human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1,Ras signalling pathway,MAPK signalling pathway.Molecular docking showed that silverweed lactone H had a strong affinity for each of the other target proteins,indicating that this component plays a key role.The results of RT-qPCR assay and WB assay showed that there were significant differences in gene and protein expression levels before and after drug administration.Conclusion The Chinese medicine in Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms-Laub.can treat hepatocellular carcinoma through the MAPK pathway,and the main active ingredients have good docking effects with the core target proteins of the disease.

AIM:To study the effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN)on renal fibrosis in mice with Al-port syndrome(AS)through TGFβ/Smad3 pathway.METHODS:SPF grade female X-linked AS(COL4A5 KI)mice were divided into model group(AS group)and model drug administration group(AS+NMN group).while female C57BL/6 mice served as the wild-type(WT)group,with 7 to 8 mice in each group.The mice in the administration group were given oral administration at 8 weeks of age for 8 weeks to 16 weeks of age.The remaining mice were given saline intragastric ad-ministration.The ratio of urinary microalbumin to urinary creatinine(UACR)was measured by biochemical method.After sampling,the renal fibrosis was analyzed by Masson staining.The expression levels of desmin and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of fibrosis-related proteins desmin,α-SMA,trans-forming growth factor β(TGFβ),Smad3,p-Smad3,and fibronectin were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Com-pared with the model group,UACR(13 weeks,P＜0.01;15 weeks,P＜0.01)and fibrosis-related protein expression(P＜0.05)in AS mice were significantly decreased after NMN treatment.CONCLUSION:Treatment with NMN attenuates renal fibrosis in AS mice through TGFβ/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma mechanism of Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms-Laub.via network pharmacology,molecular docking techniques and in vitro experiments.Methods Chemical composition of Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms-Laub.was searched by literature.Swiss Target Prediction was used to find corresponding targets.STRING was used to construct protein-protein interactions network(PPI).DAVID was used to enrich GO analysis and KEGG pathway.AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 and Pymol visualisation was used for docking and validation.Results Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms-Laub.had 61 active components,685 targets,and 279 intersections with disease targets.The PPI showed that the main active components were Luteolin,Chloranthalactone C,Shizukanolide H,Esculetin,7-Hydroxycoumarin.The key targets were GAPDH,VEGFA,STAT3,JUN,HSP90AA1,AKT1,CTNNB1,CASP3,and ALB.Biological process(BP)involved protein phosphorylation,signal transduction,regulation of RNA polymerase II promoter transcription,cell proliferation,apoptosis.Cellular component(CC)involved cytoplasm,nucleus,cell membrane,cellular exosome.Molecular function(MF)involves protein binding,ATPase,threonine kinase,protein kinase activity.KEGG involved cancer pathway,metabolic pathway,PI3K-Akt signalling pathway,cancer proteoglycans,lipids and atherosclerosis,cytomegalovirus infection,microRNAs in cancer,human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1,Ras signalling pathway,MAPK signalling pathway.Molecular docking showed that silverweed lactone H had a strong affinity for each of the other target proteins,indicating that this component plays a key role.The results of RT-qPCR assay and WB assay showed that there were significant differences in gene and protein expression levels before and after drug administration.Conclusion The Chinese medicine in Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms-Laub.can treat hepatocellular carcinoma through the MAPK pathway,and the main active ingredients have good docking effects with the core target proteins of the disease.

Objective:To investigate grey matter volume changes and their correlation with the severity of anxiety in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) accompanied by anxious distress specifier (ADS).Methods:From June 2022 to June 2023, totally 71 inpatients with MDD in the child and adolescent psychiatry department of Anhui Mental Health Center were included. According to the definition of ADS in the DSM-5, MDD adolescents were divided into the group with anxious distress (MDD/ADS+ group, n=44) and the group without anxious distress (MDD/ADS- group, n=27). Healthy adolescents matched in terms of gender, age, education level were recruited as the control group (HC group, n=19). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to compare changes in grey matter volume among the three groups.Grey matter volume values of brain regions with significant differences between the MDD/ADS+ group and MDD/ADS- group were collected, and their correlation with Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) score were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 26.0 software. Results:Compared to the MDD/ADS- group, the MDD/ADS+ group showed a significant decrease in grey matter volume in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MNI: x=16.5, y=34.5, z=52.5, t=4.48, P<0.05) and the right cerebellum (MNI: x=49.5, y=-69.0, z=-24.0, t=5.18, P<0.05). In MDD adolescents, the grey matter volumes of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right cerebellum were negatively correlated with HAMA score ( r=-0.249, -0.491, both P<0.05). Conclusion:In adolescents with MDD accompanied by ADS, a decrease in gray matter volume is observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right superior cerebellum. These brain regions may serve as potential biological markers for the severity of anxiety in adolescents with MDD.

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effects of chrysin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS:Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,and chrysin group.The mice in control group were fed with normal diet,and those in model and chrysin groups were fed with methio-nine-and choline-deficient(MCD)diet.After 5 weeks of adaptation,the mice in chrysin group received chrysin treatment(20 mg/kg)by continuous lavage for 6 weeks,while those in control and model groups were given equal volume of saline.During the experiment,the health condition of the mice was monitored.Liver morphology was examined after the mice were sacrificed.Serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels were measured using a biochemical analyzer.Liver tissue TG and TC levels were measured using assay kits.Liver cell damage and inflammation were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and F4/80 immunohistochemistry staining.The ex-tent of liver lipid deposition was explored by oil red O staining.Masson staining and Sirius red staining were performed to assess liver fibrosis.Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of fibrosis-related molecules.RE-SULTS:Compared with control group,the mice in model group showed significant decrease in body weight,liver wet weight,and liver volume.Serum TG,LDL-C,ALT and AST levels,as well as liver TG and TC levels were significantly elevated,and HDL-C levels were decreased in model group.Pathological staining showed significant inflammatory cell in-filtration,lipid deposition,and liver fibrosis.After the treatment with chrysin,increased body weight and liver weight,a reddish appearance of the liver,relatively smooth surface,and sharp liver edges were observed.Serum TG,LDL-C,AST and ALT levels,and liver TG levels were significantly reduced by chrysin.Inflammatory cell infiltration,lipid deposition,and liver tissue fibrosis were also significantly attenuated by chrysin.CONCLUSION:Chrysin shows a potential as a can-didate drug for the treatment of NASH by inhibiting hepatic steatosis,inflammation,and liver fibrosis.

【Objective】 To study the safety, effectiveness and nursing of blood/fluid warmer during the process of plateletpheresis in winter. 【Methods】 The blood re-transfusion speed during plateletpheresis in winter and the time of blood passing through the blood return pipeline was counted. The vitro blood was heated with a blood/fluid warmer under different temperature settings, and the rising speed of blood temperature was recorded. The blood samples were tested for blood routine examination, free Hb and erythrocyte morphology at 0, 15 and 30 minutes. In the process of plateletpheresis in winter, the blood donors′ ear temperature and the skin temperature near the reinfusion needle in the observation group and the controls were measured, and the blood donors were observed for shivering, arm chills, pain or other discomfort. After the blood donation, the thermal comfort was evaluated. 【Results】 There was no difference in the results of routine blood test and plasma free Hb test of vitro blood after warming at 41℃, 42℃ and 43℃ for 0, 15 and 30 minutes (P>0.05), and no change in erythrocyte morphology was found. The skin temperature near the reinfusion needle (before vs. after the start of phlebotomy) was statistically different by applying blood/fluid warmer or not(P<0.05), and no difference in the temperature between the start and end of phlebotomy was observed in the observation group(P>0.05). The vitro blood heating experiment showed that when the room temperature was within 22~24℃, the blood retransfusion speed was (100-120) mL/min; after the application of blood/fluid warmer, the temperature of reinfusion blood could be raised from 27℃ to 33~37℃. The proportion of feeling comfortable and very comfortable and the score of thermal comfort in the blood donors who used the warmer were higher than those in the controls (P<0.05). When the temperature of the warmer was set above 38℃, the average score of thermal comfort of blood donors was above 8. 【Conclusion】 It is safe to apply the blood/fluid warmer during the plateletsapheresis in winter, which can significantly improve the comfort of blood donors and reflect the humanized service of blood stations, and is worth popularizing.

OBJEC TIVE To provide reference for clinical comprehensive evaluation of pediatric drugs in China. METHODS Taking pediatric anti-allergic drugs as an example ，the clinical comprehensive evaluation methods of pediatric drugs in medical institutions were explored from the aspects of theme selection ，evaluation content and dimension ，evaluation index ，evaluation method and evaluation result report. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS During the clinical comprehensive evaluation of pediatric drugs，under the guidance of relevant national guidelines for clinical comprehensive evaluation ，the evaluation topics could be selected according to the three principles of importance ，relevance and evaluability ，and then an appropriate evaluation index system could be developed around the six dimensions of safety ， effectiveness， economy， suitability，accessibility and innovativeness；qualitative and quantitative data integration analysis of the drugs to be evaluated were performed. In the evaluation ， it is necessary to focus on children ’s clinical basic drug use practice and decision-making needs ，normatively，scientifically and reasonably define the core index set and standard data set required by different dimensions of evidence ，standardize the collection and use of real-world data ，and effectively combine other types of evidence to truly play its advantageous role in the clinical comprehensive evaluation of pediatric drugs in China.

External apical root resorption is among the most common risks of orthodontic treatment, and it cannot be completely avoided and predicted. Risk factors causing orthodontic root resorption can generally be divided into patient- and treatment-related factors. Root resorption that occurs during orthodontic treatment is usually detected by radiographical examination. Mild or moderate root absorption usually does no obvious harm, but close attention is required. When severe root resorption occurs, it is generally recommended to suspend the treatment for 3 months for the cementum to be restored. To unify the risk factors of orthodontic root resorption and its clinical suggestions, we summarized the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of more than 20 authoritative experts in orthodontics and related fields in China. After discussion and summarization, this consensus was made to provide reference for orthodontic clinical practice.
Humans ; Tooth Movement Techniques/adverse effects* ; Root Resorption/etiology* ; Consensus ; Dental Cementum ; Risk Factors

Objective:To investigate the causes of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy for familial vitreous amyloidosis associated with transthyretin (TTR) gene Gly83Arg mutation.Methods:A retrospective case study. From January 2008 to January 2020, 13 cases (23 eyes) with hereditary vitreous amyloidosis and treated by vitrectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were collected. Among them, there were 7 males with 12 eyes and 6 females with 11 eyes. The average age was 43.0±4.8 years. All the affected eyes underwent standard three-channel vitrectomy through the flat part of the ciliary body. According to whether complete vitreous detachment (PVD) was formed during the operation, it was divided into complete PVD group and incomplete PVD group; according to the occurrence time of secondary glaucoma and vitreous amyloidosis after surgery, it was divided into 1-12 months group and 13-36 months group, >37 months group. The average follow-up time after surgery was 36.7±6.0 months. The incidence of secondary glaucoma and the recurrence rate of vitreous amyloidosis between groups were compared by χ2 test; the correlation between recurrence of vitreous amyloidosis and secondary glaucoma after surgery was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results:Among the 23 eyes, there were 8 eyes in the complete PVD group and 15 eyes in the incomplete PVD group, respectively. Vitreous amyloidosis recurred in 15 eyes (65.22%, 15/23) after surgery. There were 14 (93.30%, 14/15) and 1 (6.70%, 1/15) eyes in the incomplete PVD group and the complete PVD group, respectively; the comparison of the recurrence rate of vitreous amyloidosis between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=11.676, P<0.01). 1-12 months group, 13-36 months group, >37 months group included 1 (4.35%, 1/23), 12 (52.17%, 12/23), 2 (8.70%, 2/23) Only eye. The recurrence rate in the 13-36 months group was significantly higher than that in the 1-12 months group and >37 month group. Secondary glaucoma occurred in 11 eyes (47.80%, 11/23) after surgery. 1-12 months group, 13-36 months group, above 37 months group were 1 (4.35%, 1/23), 8 (34.78%, 8/23), 2 (8.70%, 2/23) eyes. The incidence of secondary glaucoma in the 13-36 months group was higher than that in the 1-12 months group and >37 months group. Among 11 eyes with secondary glaucoma, 10 eyes had recurrence of vitreous amyloidosis after surgery, and 1 eye had no recurrence. The results of Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the recurrence of vitreous amyloidosis and the occurrence of secondary glaucoma ( rs=0.516, P=0.012). Conclusion:The incidence of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy in a family with vitreous amyloidosis caused by the Gly83Arg mutation of TTR gene is higher, and its occurrence is significantly positively correlated with the recurrence of vitreous amyloidosis.