Objective To study the correlation between Periostin, interleukin-33 (IL-33), and chronic cough after thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) combined with lung cancer. Methods A total of 102 lung cancer and coronary heart disease patients at Tianjin Chest Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were prospectively enrolled, and they were divided into a chronic cough group (n=42) and a non-chronic cough group (n=60) based on whether chronic cough occurred after surgery. Serum levels of Periostin and IL-33 were measured on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days post-lobectomy. The Pearson method was employed to analyze the correlation between Periostin and IL-33 levels and the severity of cough. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the occurrence of chronic cough. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to assess the potential value of serum Periostin and IL-33 levels in predicting postoperative chronic cough. Results In patients with chronic cough, the peripheral blood Periostin and IL-33 levels measured on days 7 and 14 were significantly higher than those in patients with non-chronic cough, and the interactions between the two groups and at different time points were significant (P<0.001). The degree of cough was positively correlated with the levels of Periostin and IL-33 on days 7 and 14 (P<0.05), but had no significant correlation with the levels on day 1 (P>0.05). In patients with lung cancer, after thoracoscopic lobectomy, Periostin [OR=1.619, 95%CI (1.295, 2.025)] and IL-33 [OR=1.831, 95%CI (1.216, 2.758)] on day 7 and Periostin [OR=1.952, 95%CI (1.306, 2.918)] and IL-33 [OR=1.742, 95%CI (1.166, 2.603)] on day 14 were identified as risk factors for chronic cough. ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of Periostin on day 7 was 69.05%, the specificity was 71.67%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.756 [95%CI (0.616, 0.893)]. The sensitivity of Periostin on day 14 increased to 71.43% and the specificity was 76.67%, AUC was 0.762 [95%CI (0.633, 0.898)]. At the same time, the critical value of IL-33 on day 7 was 45.03 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were both 83.33%, the AUC was 0.884 [95%CI (0.789, 0.980)], and the critical value of IL-33 on day 14 was 56.01 pg/mL, the sensitivity was 85.71%, the specificity was 80.00%, and the AUC was 0.899 [95%CI (0.799, 0.999)]. Joint logistic regression analysis of Periostin and IL-33 levels on days 7 and 14 showed showed that the sensitivity was 95.24%, the specificity was 95.00%, and the AUC reached 0.993 [95%CI (0.979, 1.000)]. Conclusion Periostin and IL-33 levels, measured at various time points, are abnormally elevated following thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients with combined CABG and lung cancer. These levels significantly correlate with cough severity. Given their predictive potential for chronic cough, these markers are deemed valuable biomarkers.

Background: Disorders of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) arising from diabetes mellitus are closely related to diabetic encephalopathy. Previous research has suggested that neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2)-glia plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the BBB. However, the mechanism by which NG2-glia regulates the diabetic BBB remains unclear. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) db/db mice and db/m mice were used. Evans-Blue BBB permeability tests and transmission electron microscopy techniques were applied. Tight junction proteins were assessed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. NG2-glia number and signaling pathways were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Detection of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in serum was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In T2DM db/db mice, BBB permeability in the hippocampus significantly increased from 16 weeks of age, and the structure of tight junction proteins changed. The number of NG2-glia in the hippocampus of db/db mice increased around microvessels from 12 weeks of age. Concurrently, the expression of MMP-9 increased in the hippocampus with no change in serum. Sixteen- week-old db/db mice showed activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hippocampal NG2-glia. Treatment with XAV-939 improved structural and functional changes in the hippocampal BBB and reduced MMP-9 secretion by hippocampal NG2-glia in db/db mice. It was also found that the upregulation of β-catenin protein in NG2-glia in the hippocampus of 16-week-old db/db mice was significantly alleviated by treatment with XAV-939. Conclusion The results indicate that NG2-glia can lead to structural and functional disruption of the diabetic BBB by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, upregulating MMP-9, and degrading tight junction proteins.

With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

Objective: : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results: : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Objective: : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results: : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Objective: : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results: : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Objective:To investigate the training mode of outstanding talents in medical imaging in the context of "new medicine".Methods:Aiming at the 138 undergraduate students of medical imaging in the class of 2019, this study proposed a new model of "1+Medicine+X" based on "emphasis on ideology and politics", "strengthening practice", and "interdisciplinary training", which targeted the problems in the traditional teaching process, and the methods such as self-made course satisfaction questionnaires and achievements data collection were used to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching reform.Results:Through five years of reform practice, landmark accomplishments had been achieved in the construction of majors and courses (national and provincial first-class undergraduate majors), with significant improvements in the comprehensive ability and teaching satisfaction of students (process evaluation increased to 50.00%, teaching satisfaction increased to 96.20%), and the teaching reform had been widely recognized by the society.Conclusions:The "1+Medicine+X" model can effectively improve the training quality of medical imaging talents and thus provides a new paradigm for the disciplinary development of imaging and the cultivation of outstanding talents in the context of new medicine.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies found that Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract prolongs slow-wave sleep and promotes growth hormone secretion in mice by increasing the expression of brain tissue serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR),which binds to serotonin,thus leading to bone growth. Serotonin 1A receptor acts as a protein,and its expression abundance is regulated by miRNAs. The authors hypothesized that Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract may regulate the expression of 5-HT1AR through miRNAs and thus exert drug effects. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract on bone growth by regulating the miR-7b-3p/5-HT1AR pathway in mouse brain tissue. METHODS:(1) Kunming mice were divided into a normal control group,a drug administration group (gavage administration of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract 0.320 mg/g),a positive control group (gavage administration of jujuboside 0.013 mg/g),a Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract+5-HT1AR selective inhibitor group (8 μg of P-MPPF,a 5-HTIAR selective inhibitor,was injected into the lateral ventricle every day for the last 3 days during the gavage administration of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract). After 25 days,the effects of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract on bone growth,serum growth hormone level and brain 5-HT1AR expression were observed. (2) Then the chip method was used to observe differentially expressed miRNAs in the brain tissues of growing mice and ordinary mice. PCR validation and dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the regulatory relationship between the screened Mir-7B-3p and 5-HT1AR. (3) Mouse cerebral cortical cells were cultured and identified in vitro,and the effect of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract on 5-HT1AR expression in cerebral cortical cells was observed using western blot. (4) Kunming mice were divided into a normal control group,a medication group,a miR-7b-3p inhibitor group,a medication+5-HT1AR inhibitor group,and a positive control group. The expression of 5-HT1AR in brain tissues of mice and the binding activity of 5-HT and 5-HT1AR were observed. (5) Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal control group,a medication group,a miR-7b-3p inhibitor group,a medication+miR-7b-3p mimics group and a positive control group. Changes in slow wave sleep in mice were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract could promote the growth of body length and tibia,growth hormone secretion,and brain tissue 5-HT1AR level in mice. (2) The number of differentially expressed miRNAs screened by GeneChip was 16,of which 13 were up-regulated and 3 were down-regulated. Bioinformatics results predicted that down-regulation of miR-7b-3p could regulate 5-HT1AR expression,and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments confirmed a direct regulatory relationship between the two. (3) Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract and silencing of miR-7b-3p expression in cerebral cortical cells could cause high expression of 5-HT1AR. After silencing of miR-7b-3p,5-HT1AR expression,binding activity of serotonin and 5-HT1AR and growth hormone secretion in mouse brain tissue were all elevated. After overexpression of miR-7b-3p,5-HT1AR expression,binding activity of serotonin and 5-HT1AR and growth hormone secretion were all reduced. Accordingly,the slow-wave sleep period in mice was also prolonged or shortened. To conclude,Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract can reduce the level of miR-7b-3p and increase the expression of 5-HT1AR in brain tissue to prolong slow wave sleep and promote the secretion of growth hormone,thereby playing a postive effect on bone growth. These findings provide a scientific basis for the use of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extract as a potential measure to promote bone growth.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis(IPF)is a progressive disease characterized by declining respiratory function and high mortality.Macrophages play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.Through polarization into pro-inflammatory M1 and pro-fibrotic M2 phenotypes,they contribute to a complex immunoregulatory network.In the early disease stages,M1 macrophage-mediated inflammation causes lung tissue injury,while M2 macrophages drive fibrogenesis by releasing pro-fibrotic factors such as TGF-β.Recent research has revealed that exosomes derived from macrophages serve as carriers for miRNAs,with specific miRNAs(e.g.,miR-328,miR-142-3p)demonstrating significant roles in pulmonary fibrosis.miR-328 promotes fibroblast proliferation and accelerates collagen deposition,whereas miR-142-3p attenuates fibrosis by modulating the TGF-β signaling pathway.Targeted intervention against these macrophage-associated miRNAs shows potential for clinical translation,potentially offering novel approaches for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of IPF.However,translating these strategies into clinical practice requires overcoming challenges related to production and delivery systems.In conclusion,a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and translational applications of macrophage-derived miRNAs in IPF holds promise for ultimately improving patient prognosis and clinical outcomes.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis(IPF)is a progressive disease characterized by declining respiratory function and high mortality.Macrophages play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.Through polarization into pro-inflammatory M1 and pro-fibrotic M2 phenotypes,they contribute to a complex immunoregulatory network.In the early disease stages,M1 macrophage-mediated inflammation causes lung tissue injury,while M2 macrophages drive fibrogenesis by releasing pro-fibrotic factors such as TGF-β.Recent research has revealed that exosomes derived from macrophages serve as carriers for miRNAs,with specific miRNAs(e.g.,miR-328,miR-142-3p)demonstrating significant roles in pulmonary fibrosis.miR-328 promotes fibroblast proliferation and accelerates collagen deposition,whereas miR-142-3p attenuates fibrosis by modulating the TGF-β signaling pathway.Targeted intervention against these macrophage-associated miRNAs shows potential for clinical translation,potentially offering novel approaches for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of IPF.However,translating these strategies into clinical practice requires overcoming challenges related to production and delivery systems.In conclusion,a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and translational applications of macrophage-derived miRNAs in IPF holds promise for ultimately improving patient prognosis and clinical outcomes.