To investigate the positivity rates of specific antibodies, including parietal cell antibody (PCA) and anti-inner factor antibody (IFA), in a community population in Xinjiang for autoimmune gastritis (AIG), determine the prevalence of AIG, and analyze the correlations of PCA and IFA with clinical characteristics, pepsinogen (PG), gastrin 17 (G17), and Helicobacter pylori antibody (Hp-Ab).

Objective:To explore effect of Yishen Paidu Formula on inflammatory response in chronic renal failure(CRF)rats and role of Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell(NFAT).Methods:CRF rat model was constructed,and randomly grouped into model group,low,medium and high doses Yishen Paidu Formula groups,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were fed normally as a blank group;general situation of rats was recorded;urine protein quantification kit was applied to detect 24-hour urine protein level of CRF rats in each group;serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels of CRF rats were detected;ELISA was applied to detect serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels in CRF rats;pathological changes of renal tissue were observed by HE staining;Western blot was applied to detect expressions of fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),Klotho protein,Calcineurin,NFAT protein in renal tissue of CRF rats in each group.Results:Compared with blank group,levels of creatinine,urea nitrogen in serum,24 h urine protein in urine,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and protein levels of FGF23,Calcineurin,NFAT in kidney tissue were obviously increased in model group,level of Klotho protein was obviously decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,levels of creatinine,urea nitrogen in serum,24 h urine protein in urine,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and protein levels of FGF23,Calcineurin,NFAT in kidney tissue were obviously decreased in low,medium and high doses Yishen Paidu Formula groups,level of Klotho protein was obviously increased,which were more significant with dosage increase(P<0.05).Conclusion:Yishen Paidu Formula may alleviate inflammatory response in CRF rats by inhibiting Calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:Cerebrospinal fluids from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls attending the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2023 to October 2024 were collected and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry, and T and NK cell characteristics were summarized and compared in the two groups. The proposed time-series analysis was used to explore the differentiation trajectories of T cells and NK cells.Results:A total of 3 patients with RRMS and 3 healthy controls underwent scRNA-seq, and 6 patients with RRMS and 4 healthy controls underwent flow cytometry. The composition of cerebrospinal fluid T and NK cell subtypes was similar in the RRMS group and the healthy control group, but the proportion of the cell subtypes differed. The RRMS group exhibited significantly higher frequencies of CD4 +Naive T- IL7R [1 529/9 055(16.89%) vs 1 423/9 910(14.36%), χ2=22.980, P<0.001], CD4 +Naive T- CCR7 [1 573/9 055(17.37%) vs 948/9 910(9.57%), χ2=250.114, P<0.001], and CD4 +Naive T- LTB [1 369/9 055(15.12%) vs 1 079/9 910(10.89%), χ2=75.336, P<0.001] subsets compared to controls. Conversely, the control group demonstrated greater proportions of CD4 +Th1- GZMA [1 255/9 910(12.66%) vs 719/9 055(7.94%), χ2=113.213, P<0.001] and CD8 +Tem- GZMK cells [1 607/9 910(16.22%) vs 1 232/9 055(13.61%), χ2=25.326, P<0.001] than the RRMS group. The transcription factors and gene expression of each T cell subtype were also different between the 2 groups, and CD4 initial T cells and CD8 effector T cells were located at the beginning and the end of the differentiation trajectory, respectively. Conclusions:The cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients is characterized by increased expression of genes involved in T cell differentiation and over-activation of immune cells.

Objective:To explore effect of Yishen Paidu Formula on inflammatory response in chronic renal failure(CRF)rats and role of Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell(NFAT).Methods:CRF rat model was constructed,and randomly grouped into model group,low,medium and high doses Yishen Paidu Formula groups,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were fed normally as a blank group;general situation of rats was recorded;urine protein quantification kit was applied to detect 24-hour urine protein level of CRF rats in each group;serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels of CRF rats were detected;ELISA was applied to detect serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels in CRF rats;pathological changes of renal tissue were observed by HE staining;Western blot was applied to detect expressions of fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),Klotho protein,Calcineurin,NFAT protein in renal tissue of CRF rats in each group.Results:Compared with blank group,levels of creatinine,urea nitrogen in serum,24 h urine protein in urine,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and protein levels of FGF23,Calcineurin,NFAT in kidney tissue were obviously increased in model group,level of Klotho protein was obviously decreased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,levels of creatinine,urea nitrogen in serum,24 h urine protein in urine,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and protein levels of FGF23,Calcineurin,NFAT in kidney tissue were obviously decreased in low,medium and high doses Yishen Paidu Formula groups,level of Klotho protein was obviously increased,which were more significant with dosage increase(P<0.05).Conclusion:Yishen Paidu Formula may alleviate inflammatory response in CRF rats by inhibiting Calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:Cerebrospinal fluids from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and healthy controls attending the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2023 to October 2024 were collected and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry, and T and NK cell characteristics were summarized and compared in the two groups. The proposed time-series analysis was used to explore the differentiation trajectories of T cells and NK cells.Results:A total of 3 patients with RRMS and 3 healthy controls underwent scRNA-seq, and 6 patients with RRMS and 4 healthy controls underwent flow cytometry. The composition of cerebrospinal fluid T and NK cell subtypes was similar in the RRMS group and the healthy control group, but the proportion of the cell subtypes differed. The RRMS group exhibited significantly higher frequencies of CD4 +Naive T- IL7R [1 529/9 055(16.89%) vs 1 423/9 910(14.36%), χ2=22.980, P<0.001], CD4 +Naive T- CCR7 [1 573/9 055(17.37%) vs 948/9 910(9.57%), χ2=250.114, P<0.001], and CD4 +Naive T- LTB [1 369/9 055(15.12%) vs 1 079/9 910(10.89%), χ2=75.336, P<0.001] subsets compared to controls. Conversely, the control group demonstrated greater proportions of CD4 +Th1- GZMA [1 255/9 910(12.66%) vs 719/9 055(7.94%), χ2=113.213, P<0.001] and CD8 +Tem- GZMK cells [1 607/9 910(16.22%) vs 1 232/9 055(13.61%), χ2=25.326, P<0.001] than the RRMS group. The transcription factors and gene expression of each T cell subtype were also different between the 2 groups, and CD4 initial T cells and CD8 effector T cells were located at the beginning and the end of the differentiation trajectory, respectively. Conclusions:The cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients is characterized by increased expression of genes involved in T cell differentiation and over-activation of immune cells.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the multiple single cannulation technique(MUST)on the outcomes of arteriovenous graft(AVG).Methods A retrospective study of AVG created between January 2018 and December 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University was conducted.The clinical data of patients and their follow-up data for venous access were analyzed.Subjects were divided into the MUST group or the non-MUST group according to whether MUST was used.The cumulative patency rate and complication incidence were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of applying MUST in AVG.Results The MUST group included 115 AVG and the non-MUST group,122 AVG.The 1-year,2-year,3-year,and 4-year cumulative patency rates of the MUST group were 100%,99.1%,95.2%,85.4%,and 73.2%,respectively,while those for the non-MUST group were 97.5%,92.7%,77.7%,69.7%,and 50.0%,respectively,with the 2-year and 3-year patency rates showing significant difference(P=0.022,P=0.004).The standard intervention rate expressed in(median[interquartile range])in the MUST group was significantly lower than that in the non-MUST group(0.46[0.00,0.94]vs.0.97[0.60,1.59],Z=-5.808,P＜0.001).A total of 24(20.9%)AVG in the MUST group and 60(49.2%)AVG in the non-MUST group had a standard intervention rate＞1.0 per patient-year,with significant difference between the two groups.Three(2.6%)AVG in the MUST group and 7(5.7%)AVG in the non-MUST group were complicated by aneurysm(χ2=20.737,P＜0.001).One(0.9%)AVG in the MUST group and 6(4.9%)AVG in the non-MUST group had graft infection,with the difference between the groups showing no significance(P=0.121).Multivariate logistic regression showed that dialysis in the alliance facilities(odds ratio[OR]=2.713,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.698-4.336,P＜0.001],and excellent follow-up[OR=2.189,95%CI:1.221-3.927,P=0.009]were the influencing factors of applying MUST in AVG.Conclusion MUST improves the cumulative patency of AVG and decreases the intervention frequency and the incidence of aneurysm without increasing the risk of graft infection.

Objectives To understand the quality status of disinfection products in the market in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a basis for taking targeted management measures. Methods From 2020 to 2023, in accordance with the national disinfection product management regulations and standards, the physicochemical and microbial tests of disinfection products in Shaanxi Province were carried out through supervised sampling, and the test results were analyzed according to the active ingredients, illegal addition, stability, and bactericidal or bacteriostatic performance. Results The overall qualification rate of the active ingredient content of disinfectants sampled in Shaanxi Province was 90.48%, with the lowest qualification rate in 2023 (84.38%). The overall qualification rate of quantitative sterilization test of disinfectants was 90.12%, showing a decreasing trend year by year (P=0.272). The overall qualification rate of anti-bacterial products was 88.59%, and the bactericidal test results of 20 antibacterial products were all qualified. The overall qualification rate of bacteriostatic performance testing for bacteriostatic products was 86.17%, with the pass rate of bacteriostatic product germicidal efficacy testing of different components in descending order being quaternary ammonium salt/silver ion > guanidine > others > lysozyme, and there was statistically significant difference (P=0.004). The detection rate of illegal additives in antimicrobial products was 7.07%, with the main detection indicators being miconazole nitrate, clobetasol propionate, and dexamethasone acetate. Conclusion The qualified rate of disinfection products in Shaanxi Province is relatively high, but there is a downward trend. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the daily supervision and product testing of disinfection product manufacturers, and promote the continuous improvement of disinfection product quality.

Objective To explore the predictive value of heart rate variability(HRV)for long-term prognosis in elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease(CHD)based on dynamic electro-cardiogram(ECG).Methods A retrospective trial was conducted on 402 elderly patients with sta-ble CHD admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2018,and all of them were fol-lowed up for 5 years.According to occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)or not,they were divided into a MACE group(n=102)and a control group(n=300).The main clin-ical characteristics and differences in HRV were compared between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were used.Results Advanced age,larger ratio of diabetes,more severe coronary artery stenosis,and higher low-frequency power and ratio of low-frequency power/high-frequency power,but lower left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and high-frequency power were observed in the MACE group than the control group(P＜0.01).There was also statistical difference in use of hypoglycemic drugs between the two groups during the follow-up period(P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes,age ≥80 years,LVEF＜50％,coronary artery stenosis ≥70％and ratio of low-frequency power/high-frequency power＞1.16 were independent influencing factors for MACE in elderly patients with stable CHD within 5 years(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC value for low-frequency power and ratio of low-frequency power/high-frequency power in predic-ting MACE occurrence within 5 years was 0.801(95％CI:0.749-0.854,P=0.000)and 0.798(95％CI:0.752-0.844,P=0.000),respectively,and the value of high-frequency power in predic-ting the absence of MACE was 0.629(95％CI:0.566-0.692,P=0.000).Conclusion HRV is an independent influencing factor for MACE occurrence within 5 years in elderly patients with stable CHD,and it shows certain predictive value for MACE occurrence within 5 years in these patients.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology features, intervention effects and influencing factors of thrombosis in arteriovenous graft (AVG), and to provide reference for optimizing vascular access scheme in hemodialysis patients.Methods:It was a retrospective study. The clinical and follow-up data of patients with AVG constructed in the Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2022 were analyzed. According to whether AVG thrombosis occurred during the follow-up period, they were divided into thrombosis group and non-thrombosis group, and the epidemiology status, influencing factors and patency rates of AVG thrombosis were analyzed. AVG was followed up until June 30, 2023 or abandonment or death of patient or loss of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the patency rates of AVG. Log-rank test was used to compare the differences of patency rates between groups. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of AVG thrombosis.Results:The study included 475 AVG from 464 patients, with age of (55.50 ± 11.85) years old, 193 males (40.6%), 185 diabetes patients (38.9%) and dialysis age of 24 (1, 68) months. One hundred and fifty-four AVG (32.4%) had a total of 307 AVG thrombotic events during the follow-up of 602 (380, 920) days, with a standardized incidence of 0.34 times per patient-year. Among them, 60 cases (19.5%, 60/307) had frequent thrombosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that AVG secondary patency rates at 2-years and 3-years in the thrombosis group and frequent thrombosis subgroup were inferior to those in the non-thrombosis group (84.0% vs. 92.5%, P=0.017; 66.5% vs. 85.7%, P<0.001; 78.9% vs. 92.5%, P=0.030; 54.6% vs. 85.7%, P<0.001). Two hundred and sixty-nine AVG thrombotic events were analyzed to evaluate the treatment effects. Endovascular interventional surgery was used for thrombectomy in 215 cases (79.9%), and hybrid surgery (endovascular interventional surgery combined with surgical incision) was used in 54 cases (20.1%), with a technical success rate of 98.9% (266/269) and a clinical success rate of 98.1% (264/269). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the primary post-intervention patency rates at 90 days and 365 days, respectively (all P>0.05), and there was statistically significant difference in the primary post-intervention patency rate at 180 days (45.1% vs. 26.5%, Z=2.563, P=0.015). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that graft-applied type (intering as the reference, propaten OR=1.953, 95% CI 1.139-3.350, P=0.015; acuseal OR=2.628, 95% CI 1.438-4.800, P=0.002), body mass index < 18.5 kg/m 2 (18.5-24.0 kg/m 2 as the reference, OR=0.291,95% CI 0.090-0.943, P=0.040), serum albumin < 40 g/L ( OR=1.579, 95% CI 1.019-2.445, P=0.041), serum ferritin < 200 μg/L ( OR=1.818, 95% CI 1.162-2.845, P=0.009) and mean arterial pressure < 70 mmHg ( OR=7.180, 95% CI 1.339-38.501, P=0.021) were the independent influencing factors of AVG thrombosis. Conclusions:The incidence of AVG thrombotic events is 0.34 times per patient-year, mainly concentrated in a small number of patients. Thrombosis reduces the secondary patency rate of AVG. AVG thrombosis treatment with endovascular interventional surgery or hybrid surgery has a high technical success rate and a clinical success rate. The thrombosis is related to graft-applied types, nutritional status of patients and mean arterial pressure level.

Enterovirus (EV) includes a group of important RNA viruses with similarity in viral structure and pathogenesis. They can cause various diseases in humans and pose a great threat to human health. The biological events that occur in EV-host interactions are the core topics to be investigated for better understanding the pathogenesis of EV and developing related prevention and treatment strategies. With the development of genomics technologies, RNA modifications and protein post-translational modifications (PTM) in EV and its hosts have drawn much attention and some achievements have been made, which may shed light on developing precise strategies for the prevention and control of EV-associated diseases. In this paper, to better understand the pathogenesis of EV infection and provide reference for clinical translational research, the progress in the roles of RNA modifications and protein PTM in EV-host interactions are summarized.