Objective: To establish an accurate and rapid typing method for Rh typing of samples from patients who have received recent blood transfusions by utilizing the difference in osmotic fragility between fresh and old red blood cells. Methods: A lysing solution suitable for destroying old RBCs was prepared. Sixty-one samples collected in our hospital in 2024 with Rh typing of double groups were treated with the lysing solution to remove the old allogeneic red blood cells while preserving the patient's own fresh red blood cells, followed by repeat Rh typing tests. Results: For 61 samples with Rh typing in double groups, 41 were accurately detected identified through the red blood cell lysis method, yielding an identification rate of 67.21%. No significant difference was observed compared to the detection rate of the commonly used capillary centrifugation modified method (χ =0.103, P>0.05). Conclusion: The red blood cell lysis method provides a novel and rapid experimental approach for clinical use in processing Rh-typed samples that are of double groups, thereby offering a basis for Rh compatibility blood transfusion.

Glaucoma is a group of optic nerve disorders characterized by progressive optic nerve atrophy and visual field defects, which can lead to irreversible blindness. Early diagnosis of glaucoma is essential for preventing visual loss. However, due to the absence of obvious early symptoms, the diagnosis of glaucoma remains challenging. Visual electrophysiological examinations, an objective approach for evaluating visual function, have the potential to be used in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. This review integrates the latest publications to introduce visual electrophysiological examination techniques, including electroretinography(ERG)and visual evoked potential(VEP). It also explores the mechanisms underlying these techniques and their application value in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. In addition, this review summarizes the advantages, limitations, and applicable scenarios of different visual electrophysiological techniques. Finally, the review provides an outlook on the development prospects of visual electrophysiological techniques in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. The findings of this review can assist clinicians in selecting appropriate diagnostic methods, promote the innovation and development of early visual electrophysiological diagnostic techniques for glaucoma, and contribute to reducing the risk of blindness caused by glaucoma.

Background and Aims:Portal hypertensive colopathy(PHC)is a common complication of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis.It may lead to gastrointestinal bleeding,yet its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,and systematic research in China is limited.This study aimed to analyze the colonoscopic features in cirrhotic patients and to explore their associations with relevant clinical factors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 99 cirrhotic patients who underwent colonoscopy at Xingtai People's Hospital between July 2020 and December 2024.Colonoscopy,gastroscopy,and clinical data were reviewed.Differences between patients with PHC and those without were compared in terms of sex,Child-Pugh classification,platelet count,presence of ascites,and hepatic encephalopathy.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for PHC.Additionally,colorectal lesion detection rates were compared with those of a contemporaneous cohort of 444 participants undergoing national colorectal cancer(CRC)screening at the same center.Results:Among the 105 patients with cirrhosis,the detection rates of PHC,adenomatous polyps,and CRC were 32.32%,28.28%,and 3.03%,respectively,while only 37.37%had no abnormal findings.No serious colonoscopy-related complications were observed.The proportion of males in the PHC group was significantly higher than in the non-PHC group(78.13%vs.50.75%,P=0.009).The PHC group also showed significantly higher rates of Child-Pugh class B/C,and lower platelet count(all P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy between the two groups(P>0.05).Multivariate analysis identified that male gender(OR=3.307,95%CI=1.219-8.971)and Child-Pugh class B/C(OR=2.867,95%CI=1.046-7.861)were independent risk factors for PHC.Compared to the CRC screening cohort,cirrhotic patients had a similar adenoma detection rate(28.28%vs.25.00%,P=0.499),and a slightly higher colorectal cancer detection rate that did not reach statistical significance(3.03%vs.0.68%,P=0.135).Conclusion:Colonoscopy revealed a high rate of abnormalities in cirrhotic patients,with PHC and adenomatous polyps being the most common findings.Routine colonoscopy is recommended for cirrhotic patients without contraindications,especially males,and patients with Child-Pugh class B/C,to facilitate early detection of PHC and precancerous lesions,thereby reducing the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and missed diagnoses of malignancy.

Objective Study on the relationship between detection of 10 driver gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer tis-sues and clinical pathological characteristics,as well as the diagnostic value of multi gene combined models.Methods Selected 79 patients diagnosed with NSCLC in Zhongshan People's Hospital from December 2022 to April 2023 as the research objects,collected tissue samples,used PCR technology for mutation detection,obtain the detection rate of each driver gene,and explore gene mutations and NSCLC patients correlation of clinicopathological characteristics.Logistic regression method was used to es-tablish a multi-gene joint model of joint predictors and evaluate its diagnostic value.Results Among the 79 cases,the total muta-tion rate of the ten driving genes was 81.01%(64/79),Among them the mutation rate of EGFR was 54.43%(43/79),the mutation frequency of KRAS was 13.92%(11/79),the mutation rate of HER2 was 3.80%(3/79),the fusion frequency of ALK was 2.53%(2/79),the fusion frequency of ROS1 was 2.53%(2/79),the mutation rate of MET was 2.53%(2/79),the mutation rate of NRAS was 1.27%(1/79),and no mutations were detected in RET,BRAF and PIK3CA.The mutation frequency of EGFR in fe-male patients was higher than that in males(χ2=20.512,P<0.001),ALK fusion was also more common in females(χ2=192.080,P<0.001),while KRAS was the opposite.The mutation frequency in male patients was higher than that in females(χ2=4.545,P<0.05).EGFR mutations were more common in individuals＜60 years old(χ2=33.907,P<0.001),while KRAS mutations had a higher individuals in patients≥60 years old than in those＜60 years old(χ2=8.909,P<0.001).The positive mutation of EGFR was more common in stage IV patients(χ2=15.429,P<0.001).ROS1 fusion is more common in stage III b patients(χ2=4.000,P<0.05),EGFR mutation had a significantly higher mutation rate in non-smoking patients than in smoking patients(χ2=50.651,P<0.001),and ALK fusion had a higher mutation rate in smoking patients than in non-smoking patients(χ2=4.000,P<0.05).Con-structed a Logistic regression model to evaluate the diagnostic value of driver gene joint detection,and constructed a Logistic re-gression model to predict the occurrence of NSCLC in patients.The model expression was:logit(P)=-0.190+0.168 EGFR muta-tion(X1)+0.516 KRAS mutation(X2)+0.331 ALK fusion(X3)+0.403 ROS1 fusion(X4)+0.429 NRAS mutation(X5)+0.515 HER2 mutation(X6)+0.405 MET mutation(X7).The ROC curve results show that the diagnostic value of the joint prediction model for NSCLC was higher than that of a single indicator.Conclusion There is a correlation between driver gene mutation status and pathological characteristics,and the co-mutation information provided by multi-gene joint detection can make a more accurate diagnosis of NSCLC.

Objective To screen hub genes and signaling pathways associated with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)using bioinformatics methods,identify potential biomarkers,and provide new evidence for the mechanism research of AIS.Methods The gene expression dataset GSE37587 of AIS patients and healthy controls was obtained from the public database gene expression omnibus(GEO).The differentially expressed genes(DEGs,|log2 FC|≥1.2,FDR＜0.05)were screened using the limma package.The enrichment analysis of GO/KEGG was performed with the DAVID database.The weighted correlation network analysis(WGCNA)was used to construct a gene co-expression network for screening key modules.Then,a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed based on the STRING database and Cytoscape software to identify hub genes.The dataset GSE16561 was used to validate.Meanwhile,the clinical samples from 30 AIS patients and 30 healthy controls visited Zibo First Hospital from January to May 2025 were validated by the real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).The diagnostic efficacy was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve.Results A total of 653 DEGs were identified,including 252 up-regulated and 401 down-regulated genes.They were mainly enriched in biological processes such as ribosome biogenesis,endoplasmic reticulum protein processing,and oxidative phospho-rylation,as well as signaling pathways such as viral infection-related pathways and PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathways in cancer.The core genes in the light green module identified by the WGCNA analysis were significantly enriched in the pathways such as mitophagy,ribosome,and endocytosis.The hub genes such as RPL34 and DDIT3 were screened from the PPI network,and their expression levels were significantly correlated with AIS.The analysis of the ROC curve showed that the areas under the ROC curve(AUCROC)of the hub genes for the diagnosis of AIS were 0.78-0.82,which had high clinical application value.Conclusion Ribosomal proteins,endoplas-mic reticulum stress-related genes,and viral infection response pathways are key molecular events in the occurrence of AIS.The genes such as RPL34 and DDIT3 are expected to be potential biomarkers for AIS,providing experimental evidence for the development of di-agnostic markers.

Objective Study on the relationship between detection of 10 driver gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer tis-sues and clinical pathological characteristics,as well as the diagnostic value of multi gene combined models.Methods Selected 79 patients diagnosed with NSCLC in Zhongshan People's Hospital from December 2022 to April 2023 as the research objects,collected tissue samples,used PCR technology for mutation detection,obtain the detection rate of each driver gene,and explore gene mutations and NSCLC patients correlation of clinicopathological characteristics.Logistic regression method was used to es-tablish a multi-gene joint model of joint predictors and evaluate its diagnostic value.Results Among the 79 cases,the total muta-tion rate of the ten driving genes was 81.01%(64/79),Among them the mutation rate of EGFR was 54.43%(43/79),the mutation frequency of KRAS was 13.92%(11/79),the mutation rate of HER2 was 3.80%(3/79),the fusion frequency of ALK was 2.53%(2/79),the fusion frequency of ROS1 was 2.53%(2/79),the mutation rate of MET was 2.53%(2/79),the mutation rate of NRAS was 1.27%(1/79),and no mutations were detected in RET,BRAF and PIK3CA.The mutation frequency of EGFR in fe-male patients was higher than that in males(χ2=20.512,P<0.001),ALK fusion was also more common in females(χ2=192.080,P<0.001),while KRAS was the opposite.The mutation frequency in male patients was higher than that in females(χ2=4.545,P<0.05).EGFR mutations were more common in individuals＜60 years old(χ2=33.907,P<0.001),while KRAS mutations had a higher individuals in patients≥60 years old than in those＜60 years old(χ2=8.909,P<0.001).The positive mutation of EGFR was more common in stage IV patients(χ2=15.429,P<0.001).ROS1 fusion is more common in stage III b patients(χ2=4.000,P<0.05),EGFR mutation had a significantly higher mutation rate in non-smoking patients than in smoking patients(χ2=50.651,P<0.001),and ALK fusion had a higher mutation rate in smoking patients than in non-smoking patients(χ2=4.000,P<0.05).Con-structed a Logistic regression model to evaluate the diagnostic value of driver gene joint detection,and constructed a Logistic re-gression model to predict the occurrence of NSCLC in patients.The model expression was:logit(P)=-0.190+0.168 EGFR muta-tion(X1)+0.516 KRAS mutation(X2)+0.331 ALK fusion(X3)+0.403 ROS1 fusion(X4)+0.429 NRAS mutation(X5)+0.515 HER2 mutation(X6)+0.405 MET mutation(X7).The ROC curve results show that the diagnostic value of the joint prediction model for NSCLC was higher than that of a single indicator.Conclusion There is a correlation between driver gene mutation status and pathological characteristics,and the co-mutation information provided by multi-gene joint detection can make a more accurate diagnosis of NSCLC.

Objective:To analyze the respiratory virus infection status and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Shandong Province during the 2020 -2021 influenza surveillance year. Methods:According to the National Influenza Surveillance Plan (2017 version), throat swab samples of ILI cases were collected from 14 surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shandong Province. Nucleic acid was extracted from all samples. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized to detect six common viruses, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (ADV). Subsequently, the obtained detection results were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 386 specimens were collected, with a detection rate of 24.22% (578). Six viruses were detected, with detection rates of 6.75% (162 cases) for HMPV, 5.87% (140 cases) for RSV, 3.56% (85 cases) for HPIV3, 3.14% (75 cases) for HPIV2, 2.98% (71 cases) for HPIV1, and 2.77% (66 cases) for ADV. There was no significant difference in detection rates between genders, but a notable variation among different age groups ( P<0.001). The highest detection rate was observed in individuals aged 0-4 years (31.94%), followed by those aged≥60 years (26.06%). The prevalence of six viruses showed a monthly variation, with the detection rate of HMPV being higher in December and HPIV1 being higher in February. HPIV2, HPIV3, RSV, and ADV had higher detection rates in November. The co-detection rate of multiple viruses was 0.80%, with RSV being the most common pathogen involved in co-detection, primarily in individuals aged 0-4 years. Conclusion:The detection of six multiple pathogens in ILI cases in Shandong Province is dominated by HMPV, RSV and HPIV3. The prevalence of respiratory viruses varies by age and time.

Objective:To investigate the drug resistance gene characteristics, plasmid characteristics and genome tracing of Shigella sonnei causing a bacillary dysentery outbreak in Shandong Province. Methods:Sixty-five Shigella sonnei strains isolated from a 2021 outbreak in a county of Shandong Province were analyzed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing (WGS), characterization of resistance and virulence genes, plasmid profiling, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Results:All isolates had the same resistance phenotype and genotypes and were multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Shigella sonnei, carrying important virulence genes. Plasmid analysis revealed a conserved genetic arrangement, pil( M/ N/ O2/ P)-tra( F/ H/ J/ K/ N/ O/ P/ Q)-IS Ecp1- blaCTX-M-14-Tn 903- yub( J/ I/ F/ G/ E/ D), and shared across strains from diverse regions and bacterial species. The cgMLST and SNP analyses demonstrated concordant clustering, with all 65 outbreak-related strains forming a single cluster alongside human-derived strains from Guangxi. Conclusion:The ESBL-producing Shigella sonnei responsible for the outbreak shares a homologous relationship with Guangxi human-derived strains, and the detected resistance plasmids and virulence genes underscore the need to strengthen drug resistance surveillance and genome tracing.

AIM:To investigate the effects of emo-din on autophagy and apoptosis in rats with severe pneumonia(KP)caused by K.pneumoniae and its possible mechanism.METHODS:The KP rat model was established by infecting K pneumonia was treat-ed with Emodin.The rats were grouped into Sham surgery group,KP group,low concentration Emodin group,medium concentration Emodin group,high concentration Emodin group,and Emodin+sirtinol(SIRT1 activity inhibitor)group;Arterial partial pres-sure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),arterial partial pres-sure of oxygen(PaO2)and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)were measured by blood gas analyzer;the white blood cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveo-lar lavage fluid(BALF)were measured by Wright-Gi-emsa staining;HE staining was applied to detect pathological changes in lung tissue in each group;ELISA was applied to detect the expression of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in lung tissues of each group;elec-tron microscopy scanning was applied to observe the autophagy of cells in lung tissues of each group;the expression of LC3B in lung tissues was observed by immunofluorescence staining;TUNEL method was applied to detect changes in cell apoptosis in lung tissue of rats in each group;Western blot was applied to detect the expression of silent informa-tion regulatory factor(SIRT1),adenosine monophos-phate activated protein kinase(AMPK),LC3-Ⅱ,LC3-Ⅰ,c-caspase-3,and caspase-3 proteins in lung tissue.RESULTS:K.pneumoniae caused severe lung tissue damage in rats with pneumonia,increased inflam-matory infiltration and cytokine release in the lungs,arterial blood PaO2 and SaO2 levels de-creased,PaCO2 levels increased,white blood cells and neutrophils count increased in BALF,increased cell apoptosis rate and c-caspase-3/caspase-3 level,and the cell autophagy and the levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were decreased(all P＜0.05),after Emodin treatment,SIRT1/AMPK signal-ing pathway was activated,PaO2 and SaO2 levels in arterial blood were increased,PaCO2 levels was de-creased,inflammatory reaction was inhibited,cell apoptosis in lung tissue was inhibited(all P＜0.05),and cell autophagy level was restored,sirtinol,a SIRT1 inhibitor,partially reversed the therapeutic ef-fect of Emodin on KP rats after inhibiting SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Emodin may enhance autophagy of lung tissue cells and inhibit apoptosis of rat lung tissue cells by acti-vating SIRT1/AMPK pathway,which may provide po-tential therapeutic options for KP.

Evidence-based public health, as the forefront of modern public health practice, has increasingly important in public health field. However, a significant gap remains between the available evidence and its practical application. Effectively disseminating and implementing evidence-based public health practice in real-world settings has become a key challenge in contemporary public health research. In this context, Implementation Science has emerged as a vital discipline. This paper explores the critical role of Implementation Science in public health, reviews the origins and core components of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and analyzes the current application of CFIR in public health through bibliometric methods. Additionally, it discusses specific examples to further elucidate the steps involved in using the CFIR and its application contexts. The findings indicate that since 2015, research on CFIR in public health has progressively increased, showing a continuous upward trend. CFIR applications mainly address context-specific facilitators, health decision-making, barrier and facilitator identification, and community-based participatory evaluation, predominantly employing qualitative and mixed-methods research. This paper not only reviews and analyzes the current use of CFIR in public health but also provides a detailed discussion on its application. The goal is to offer valuable insights for the development of Implementation Science research within China's public health sector.