BackgroundRumination can play a certain degree role of psychological adjustment in cancer patients. Previous studies have focused on studying the level of rumination in a single type of cancer patient， but there is a lack of comprehensive investigation and influencing factor research on rumination levels in different types of cancer patients. ObjectiveTo explore the level of rumination and its influencing factors among middle-advanced cancer inpatients， so as to provide certain guidance for targeted psychological care in clinical practice. MethodsFrom January 2021 to December 2022， a systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 346 patients with TNM stage III or above tumors hospitalized in Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital， Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital and the First People's Hospital of Yibin. All individuals were assessed using Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS） and the Chinese version of Event-Related Ruminant Inventory （C-ERRI）， and Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the influencing factors of rumination. ResultsIn terms of C-ERRI， patients scored （15.59±5.61） on intrusive rumination and （14.59±5.43） on deliberate rumination. Education levels of junior high school/high school/vocational training school （OR=0.817， P<0.01） and junior college and above （OR=0.579， P<0.05） were the protective factors of intrusive rumination， whereas annual personal incomes of <10 000 yuan （OR=4.918， P<0.01） or 10 000~50 000 yuan （OR=2.076， P<0.01） and low （OR=6.882， P<0.01） or middle （OR=3.114， P<0.01） level of social support were the risk factors of intrusive rumination. For deliberate rumination， education levels of junior high school/high school/vocational training school （OR=0.574， P<0.01） and junior college and above （OR=0.449， P<0.05） were the protective factors， and low （OR=1.391， P<0.01） or middle （OR=1.161， P<0.05） levels of social support were the risk factors. ConclusionThe level of intrusive rumination of inpatients with middle-advanced cancer is related to education level， economic status and social support， furthermore， the level of deliberate rumination is related to the educational level and social support. ［Funded by Medical Research Project of Chengdu Health Commission （ number， 2020119）］

BACKGROUND:Osteoporotic fracture is the most serious complication of osteoporosis.Previous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota has a regulatory effect on skeletal tissue and that gut microbiota has an important relationship with osteoporotic fracture,but the causal relationship between the two is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and osteoporotic fractures using Mendelian randomization method. METHODS:The genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets of gut microbiota and osteoporotic fracture were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS database and the Finnish database R9,respectively.Using gut microbiota as the exposure factor and osteoporotic fracture as the outcome variable,Mendelian randomization analyses with random-effects inverse variance weighted,MR-Egger regression,weighted median,simple model,and weighted model methods were performed to assess whether there is a causal relationship between gut microbiota and osteoporotic fracture.Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the reliability and robustness of the results.Reverse Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to further validate the causal relationship identified in the forward Mendelian randomization analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of this Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a causal relationship between gut microbiota and osteoporotic fracture.Elevated abundance of Actinomycetales[odds ratio(OR)=1.562,95%confidence interval(CI):1.027-2.375,P=0.037),Actinomycetaceae(OR=1.561,95%CI:1.027-2.374,P=0.037),Actinomyces(OR=1.544,95%CI:1.130-2.110,P=0.006),Butyricicoccus(OR=1.781,95%CI:1.194-2.657,P=0.005),Coprococcus 2(OR=1.550,95%CI:1.068-2.251,P=0.021),Family ⅩⅢ UCG-001(OR=1.473,95%CI:1.001-2.168,P=0.049),Methanobrevibacter(OR=1.274,95%CI:1.001-1.621,P=0.049),and Roseburia(OR=1.429,95%CI:1.015-2.013,P=0.041)would increase the risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients.Elevated abundance of Bacteroidia(OR=0.660,95%CI:0.455-0.959,P=0.029),Bacteroidales(OR=0.660,95%CI:0.455-0.959,P=0.029),Christensenellacea(OR=0.725,95%CI:0.529-0.995,P=0.047),Ruminococcaceae(OR=0.643,95%CI:0.443-0.933,P=0.020),Enterorhabdus(OR=0.558,95%CI:0.395-0.788,P=0.001),Eubacterium rectale group(OR=0.631,95%CI:0.435-0.916,P=0.016),Lachnospiraceae UCG008(OR=0.738,95%CI:0.546-0.998,P=0.048),and Ruminiclostridium 9(OR=0.492,95%CI:0.324-0.746,P=0.001)would reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients.We identified 16 gut microbiota associated with osteoporotic fracture by the Mendelian randomization method.That is,using gut microbiota as the exposure factor and osteoporotic fracture as the outcome variable,eight gut microbiota showed positive causal associations with osteoporotic fracture and another eight gut microbiota showed negative causal associations with osteoporotic fracture.The results of this study not only identify new biomarkers for the early prediction of osteoporotic fracture and potential therapeutic targets in clinical practice,but also provide an experimental basis and theoretical basis for the study of improving the occurrence and prognosis of osteoporotic fracture through gut microbiota in bone tissue engineering.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of a low-fluence Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser combined with light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy in the treatment of melasma.Methods:A total of 46 female patients with melasma, with age ranging from 30 to 58 (41.4±5.8) years, were retrospectively collected from August 2022 to February 2024 at the Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment method. The experimental group received low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment combined with LED phototherapy ( n=23), whereas the control group received low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment alone ( n=23). The treatment interval for both groups was 4 weeks, and a total of four treatments were conducted. Treatment efficacy was evaluated at the 12-week follow-up after completion of the entire treatment course. Pre-treatment and post-treatment melasma area and severity index (MASI) scores were compared between the two groups. The pain visual analog scale (VAS) score was obtained immediately after each treatment. The occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment, including blisters, persistent erythema, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and scarring, was recorded in both groups. Results:The efficacy rates in the experimental and control groups were 87% (20/23) and 82.61% (19/23), respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them ( P=1.000). The pre-treatment MASI scores of the experimental and control groups were (24.60±8.69) and (21.48±9.01) scores, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them ( P=0.239). The post-treatment MASI scores of the experimental group was (7.70±4.36) scores, which was significantly lower than that of the control group [(16.34±7.29) scores, P<0.001). In both groups, the post-treatment MASI scores were significantly lower than the pre-treatment MASI scores (all P<0.001). Both groups experienced mild pain during the treatment. The VAS scores for pain during laser treatment in the experimental and control groups were (1.78±0.90) and (1.61±0.89) scores, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between them ( P=0.514). In the experimental group, the VAS score for pain was zero during LED phototherapy, indicating no increase in pain. No adverse reactions such as blisters, persistent erythema, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, or scarring were observed in either group. Conclusion:Low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser combined with LED phototherapy can effectively improve the efficacy of melasma treatment, without increasing pain or any other serious adverse effects during or after therapy.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and research hotspots of palliative care development in China.Methods:It was a bibliometric analysis. Literature on palliative care in China was searched in databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data and Web of Science from 2018 to 2023. CiteSpace software was used for bibliometric analysis in terms of publication number, citation frequency, keyword co-occurrence network, and the evolution of research hotspots.Results:A total of 582 articles were included for analysis, with 534 in Chinese language (91.75%) and 48 in English (8.25%). From 2018 to 2023, the overall number of publications on palliative care in China had shown an upward trend. Most highly cited articles were published in nursing journals, and a total of 89 articles (15.29%) were marked as supported by national level funding projects. Keyword co-occurrence chart showed that the most frequent keywords were "palliative care", follwed by "end-of-life care""nurses""palliative medicine""review", and "hospice care". Keyword clustering analysis and emergent word analysis suggested that researches in the field of palliative care were gradually shifting from implementation strategies and models (2018-2020) to service practice effectiveness, personnel core competencies, social culture, patient quality of life, and other aspects(2021—2023).Conclusion:The field of palliative care in China has received more and more attention. In recent years, the research topics havs focused on the practical effectiveness of services, the capacity building of service personnel, and the overall social impact of service implementation.

Objective:This study evaluates the horizontal sound localization ability of young and middle-aged individuals with symmetric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in noisy environments. It also examines the impact of hearing loss severity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on localization accuracy.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, conducted from April 2023 to April 2024, 135 young and middle-aged patients (73 males and 62 females, aged 18-60 years) with SNHL who sought care at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, were categorized into mild, moderate, and moderate-to-severe hearing loss groups (45 per group), with 45 normal-hearing controls (23 males and 22 females, aged 20-60 years). Participants completed localization tasks in quiet and noisy environments with SNR levels of 5 dB, 0 dB, -5 dB, and-10 dB. Root mean square error (RMSE) was used to measure localization accuracy. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed the effects of hearing loss and SNR on RMSE, while, Pearson correlation evaluated the relationship between binaural 4-frequency pure-tone average (4fPTA) and RMSE. Multiple linear regression analyzed the predictive role of 4fPTA and age.Results:(1) Two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that both hearing loss severity and SNR significantly affected RMSE ( F=92.67, P<0.01; F=430.29, P<0.01), with a significant interaction between the two factors( F=92.67, P<0.01). (2) RMSE increased with hearing loss severity. At SNRs of 5 dB, 0 dB, and-5 dB, the moderate-to-severe group had significantly higher RMSE than the mild and moderate groups ( P<0.01). No significant differences were found between mild and moderate groups ( P=0.53, 0.57, 0.22). At-10 dB SNR, significant differences were observed across all groups ( P<0.01). (3) RMSE increased non-linearly as SNR decreased. Mean RMSE values under quiet conditions and at SNRs of 5 dB, 0 dB, -5 dB, and-10 dB were (7.43±5.01)°, (9.80±5.74)°, (11.60±6.22)°, (14.56±7.07)°, and (18.74±8.02)°, respectively. (4) RMSE was significantly positively correlated with binaural 4fPTA ( r=0.54-0.58, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the binaural average 4fPTA significantly predicted RMSE ( P<0.01), explaining 30.5%-34.1% of RMSE variance. Age did not significantly contribute to RMSE variation. Conclusions:The degree of hearing loss and background noise SNR significantly affect horizontal sound localization in young and middle-aged SNHL patients. RMSE increases with hearing loss severity and decreases with higher SNR. The interaction between hearing loss and SNR is significant, and RMSE correlates with binaural 4fPTA. However, the regression model based on 4fPTA and age explains only part of the RMSE variance, suggesting other contributing factors.

Objective:To analyze the respiratory virus infection status and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Shandong Province during the 2020 -2021 influenza surveillance year. Methods:According to the National Influenza Surveillance Plan (2017 version), throat swab samples of ILI cases were collected from 14 surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shandong Province. Nucleic acid was extracted from all samples. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized to detect six common viruses, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (ADV). Subsequently, the obtained detection results were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 386 specimens were collected, with a detection rate of 24.22% (578). Six viruses were detected, with detection rates of 6.75% (162 cases) for HMPV, 5.87% (140 cases) for RSV, 3.56% (85 cases) for HPIV3, 3.14% (75 cases) for HPIV2, 2.98% (71 cases) for HPIV1, and 2.77% (66 cases) for ADV. There was no significant difference in detection rates between genders, but a notable variation among different age groups ( P<0.001). The highest detection rate was observed in individuals aged 0-4 years (31.94%), followed by those aged≥60 years (26.06%). The prevalence of six viruses showed a monthly variation, with the detection rate of HMPV being higher in December and HPIV1 being higher in February. HPIV2, HPIV3, RSV, and ADV had higher detection rates in November. The co-detection rate of multiple viruses was 0.80%, with RSV being the most common pathogen involved in co-detection, primarily in individuals aged 0-4 years. Conclusion:The detection of six multiple pathogens in ILI cases in Shandong Province is dominated by HMPV, RSV and HPIV3. The prevalence of respiratory viruses varies by age and time.

In recent years, it has become a new direction in the field of neuroscience to explore the mode characteristics, functional significance and interaction mechanism of resting spontaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and task-evoked EEG. This paper introduced the basic characteristics of spontaneous EEG and task-evoked EEG, and summarized the core role of spontaneous EEG in shaping the adaptability of the nervous system. It focused on how the spontaneous EEG interacted with the task-evoked EEG in the process of task processing, and emphasized that the spontaneous EEG could significantly affect the performance of tasks such as perception, cognition and movement by regulating neural activities and predicting external stimuli. These studies provide an important theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of the principle and mechanism of brain information processing in resting and task states, and point out the direction for further exploring the complex relationship between them in the future.
Humans ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Rest/physiology* ; Cognition/physiology* ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Task Performance and Analysis

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the targets and mechanisms of 7-hydroxyethyl chrysin (7-HEC) in prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) in rats. METHODS: Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, HACE model group, and 7-HEC-treated group (18 rats in each group). Except for the normal control group, rats in the two other groups were exposed to a hypobaric hypoxic chamber simulating a 7000 m altitude for 72 h to establish the HACE model. The 7-HEC-treated group was intraperitoneally injected with 7-HEC (150 mg·kg^－¹·d^－¹) for 3 consecutive days before modeling, while the model group received equivalent isotonic sodium chloride solution. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) proteomics technology was used to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with screening criteria set at a fold change >1.2 and P<0.05. Western blotting was used to verify the expression levels of target proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, 256 DEPs were identified in the HACE model group. Compared with the HACE model group, 87 DEPs were identified in the 7-HEC-treated group. Among them, 19 DEPs that were dysregulated in the HACE model group were restored after 7-HEC intervention, of which seven (HSPA4, Arhgap20, SERT, HACL1, CCDC43, POLR3A, and PCBD1) were confirmed by Western blotting. GO enrichment analysis of the DEPs between the HACE model and 7-HEC-treated groups revealed their involvement in 13 biological processes, five cellular components, and two molecular functions. KEGG pathway analysis indicated associations with the mRNA surveillance pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, serotonergic synapse, RNA polymerase, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, folate biosynthesis. PPI network analysis demonstrated that HSPA4, POLR3A, and HACL1, which were validated by Western blotting, interacted with multiple signaling pathways and ranked among the top 20 hub proteins by degree value, suggesting their potential role as core regulatory factors. Arhgap20, SERT and PCBD1 also exhibited interactions with several proteins, suggesting their potential as key regulatory proteins, whereas no interactions for CCDC43 were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study applied TMT proteomics to identify seven potential therapeutic targets of 7-HEC for the prevention and treatment of HACE. These targets may be involved in the pathogenesis of HACE through multiple pathways, including maintaining cellular homeostasis, ameliorating oxidative stress, regulating energy metabolism, and reducing vascular permeability.
Animals ; Male ; Proteomics/methods* ; Rats, Wistar ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use* ; Rats ; Brain Edema/etiology* ; Altitude Sickness/metabolism* ; Protein Interaction Maps

Objective To investigate the value of multiple quantitative parameters derived from Hawk spectral CT in predicting lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Preoperative Hawk spectral CT images of 57 cancerous foci from 44 PTC patients confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent lymph node dissection.Based on pathological results,the patients were categorized into metastatic group(26 patients with 35 cancerous foci)and non-metastatic group(18 patients with 22 cancerous foci).The CT morphological features of the primary PTC lesions included location,diameter,bite-cookie sign,and calcification,respectively.Quantitative parameters of Hawk spectral CT plain scan,arterial phase(AP)and venous phase(VP),including conventional CT values,virtual monoenergetic imaging(MonoE)CT values(40 keV,100 keV),effective atomic number(Zeff)and electron density(Rho),respectively.The rank sum test or chi-square test was used to compare the differences in CT morphological features and Hawk spectral CT quantitative parameters between the two groups.For parameters with significant differences,logistic regression was used to construct a combined model.Area under the curve(AUC),accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined model.Results There was statistically significant difference in the diameter of the primary lesion between the metastatic group and the non-metastatic group(P＜0.05),and the diameter of the primary lesion in the metastatic group was larger than that in the non-metastatic group.The conventional CT value,MonoE CT values(40 keV,100 keV),Rho and Zeff in plain scan,AP-Rho,and VP-MonoE CT value(100 keV)of the primary lesion in the metastatic group were all significantly lower than those in the non-metastatic group(P＜0.05).The AUC,accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the Hawk spectral CT plain scan parameter combination model were 0.765,0.754,0.800,and 0.682,respectively.The AUC,accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity of the Hawk spectral CT enhancement parameter combination model were 0.726,0.667,0.600,and 0.786,respectively.Conclusion Through the analysis of multiple quantitative parameters from Hawk spectral CT of PTC primary lesion,the primary lesion in the metastatic group exhibited significant differences from those in the non-metastatic group in multiple quantitative parameters,which can further improve the predictive efficacy for lymph node metastasis.

Abnormal deployment of the airbag during a frontal car collision can cause injuries to the upper extremity of drivers with non-standard driving postures.Finite element simulation offers an effective approach for evaluating such injury risks.In this study,a biomechanical finite element model of the upper limb of the 95th percentile human body with detailed anatomical structures was developed.The validity of the upper extremity-airbag collision model was confirmed by reconstructing the cadaveric forearm and airbag impact experiments.Based on the validated model,the influence of factors such as airbag mass rate parameters,upper limb grip angle,and grip force on upper limb injuries in frontal collisions was investigated.The results indicate that variations in these three parameters have a significant influence on upper extremity injury,and these factors should be considered in the assessment of upper extremity injuries during car collision.