Astragaloside Ⅳ （AS-Ⅳ） is a natural triterpenoid saponin compound derived from Astragalus membranaceus and has shown significant potential in the regulation of liver diseases. This article reviews the latest research advances in AS-Ⅳ in the field of liver diseases in China and globally， and it is found that AS-Ⅳ exerts a liver-protecting effect by regulating lipid metabolism， exerting an anti-tumor/anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effect， and modulating gut microbiota. Its mechanism of action involves multiple signaling pathways， such as AMPK， NLRP3， NF-κB， JAK2/STAT3， and Nrf2. These research findings provide a scientific basis for the development of liver-protecting drugs or functional foods based on the natural product AS-Ⅳ.

Traditional Chinese medicine has been paid more and more attention in the development of modern healthcare,and its clinical diagnosis and treatment have broad prospects and enormous potential.However,the current traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment model have serious shortcomings in service capacity and,diagnosis,and treatment effect.The rapid development of big data and artificial intelli-gence technology provides an opportunity for the iterative upgrade of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment models.This article reviewed the current situation of artificial intelligence empowering tradi-tional Chinese medicine clinical diagnosis and treatment,clarified the problems and challenges faced by artifi-cial intelligence technology in data integration,data quality,and data analysis in traditional Chinese medicine clinical diagnosis and treatment,and proposed to empower from the aspects of disciplinary integration,data quality optimization,data privacy protection,and promotion and application,so as to provide reference for im-proving the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine clinical diagnosis and treatment.

AIM: To explore the intervention effect of Dahuangtang pellets (DHT) on diabetic nephropathy (DN) based on the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/unc-51-like kinase 1 (AMPK/mTOR/ULK1) signaling pathway. METHODS: Eight mice were randomly assigned to the model group, the dapagliflozin group, and the DHT (high, medium, and low dosage) group out of a total of 40 C57BL/KSJ-db/db (hereafter referred to as db/db) mice; another 10 C57BL/KSJ-db/dm mice were used as the normal group, saline was provided to the normal and model groups, and the mice in the treatment group received the appropriate medications. The medications were given for 10 consecutive weeks, once per day, to the mice in the treatment group. At weeks 0, 4, 8, and 10 of administration, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was assessed by drawing blood at a predetermined time from the tail vein; Urine samples were taken at 0, 5, and 10 weeks after treatment to evaluate the levels of albumin and creatinine, and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) was computed. After 10 weeks, mice in each group were assayed for 24 h total urine protein, serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN) levels; Western blotting analysis was conducted to detect the expression of p-AMPK, p-mTOR, and p-ULK1, as well as the expression of autophagy related proteins homolog of yeast Atg6 (Beclin-1), autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), P62 in renal tissue; Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of podocyte lacunar membrane proteins (Nephrin, Podocin) in renal tissues; The pathological morphology of renal tissue was observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, FBG, ACR, and 24 h total urine protein were reduced in the dapagliflozin group and DHT groups of mice, and there was no statistically significant difference in Scr and BUN; In renal tissues, there is increased expression of p-AMPK and p-ULK1, decreased expression of p-mTOR, increased expression of LC3II / LC3I and Beclin-1, and decreased expression of P62 (P<0.01, P< 0.05); differentially upregulated in glomeruli are the podocyte lacunar membrane proteins Nephrin and Podocin (P<0.01, P<0.05); renal pathologic damage was reduced to varying degrees; transmission electron microscopy showed an increase in the number of autophagic vesicles and autophagic lysosomes. CONCLUSION: DHT can delay the development of DN by regulating the AMPK / mTOR / ULK1 signaling pathway, enhancing podocyte autophagy, and protecting glomeruli.

Objective    To analyze the influencing factors for re-positive nucleic acid test in discharged corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and to provide data support for the epidemics prevention and control. Methods    The clinical data of 660 discharged COVID-19 patients from January 23, 2020 to February 28, 2021 in our center were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the reexamination of virus nucleic acid, including a negative group [549 patients, including 428 males and 121 females with a median age of 33.0 (28.0, 48.0) years] and a positive group [111 patients, including 76 males and 35 females with a median age of 39.0 (28.0, 51.0) years]. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results     The re-positive rate of the discharged patients was 16.82%. Univariate analysis showed that the re-positive rate of females was higher than that of males (χ2=4.608, P=0.032). The re-positive rate of confirmed patients was higher than that of asymptomatic infected patients (χ2=8.140, P=0.004). The re-positive rate of domestic patients was higher than that of imported patients (χ2=9.178, P=0.002). The counts of CD3+ (P=0.038), CD4+ (P=0.048) and CD8+ (P=0.040) T lymphocytes in the negative group were higher than those in the positive group. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the clinical classification and CD8+ T lymphocyte count were independent risk factors affecting the recurrence of virility. Conclusion    The gender, origin, T lymphocyte subsets count and clinical type are the influencing factors for re-positive result, and clinical type and CD8+ T lymphocyte count are the independent influencing factors for re-positive result. Therefore, improving the immunity of infected patients, as well as early detection and timely treatment are effective means to reduce the re-positive occurrence.

Objective:To observe the effects of self-designed Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction on cardiac function and serum endothelin (ET-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in patients with chronic heart failure (GHF) complicated with atrial fibrillation.Methods:A total of 100 patients with GHF complicated with atrial fibrillation treated in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. Patients in both groups were given cardiotonic, diuretic, vasodilator and other conventional treatment, and patients in the experimental group added self-designed Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction. TCM syndrome score, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum ET-1 and MMP-9 levels, clinical efficacy, safety and incidence of adverse reactions were observed and compared between 2 groups before and after treatment.Results:The total response rate was 82.0% (41/50) in the observation group and 62.0% (31/50) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=4.96, P=0.026). After treatment, the symptoms scores of palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigue, chest and hypochasm pain in the observation group were significantly significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=5.28, 5.29, 5.62, 5.42, P<0.01). After treatment, the LVEDD[(51.23±6.59)mm vs. (55.65±6.17)mm, t=3.46], LVESD[(43.10±4.76)mm vs. (45.99±5.31)mm, t=2.87], serum ET-1[(65.79±8.29)μg/L vs. (79.83±10.08)μg/L, t=7.61], MMP-9 [(175.86±24.81)ng/L vs. (189.49±26.13)ng/L, t=2.68] in experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05), while LVEF [(50.01±7.6)% vs. (46.25±6.96)%, t=2.57] was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in GPT, GOT, UA, SCr levels between both groups before and after treatment ( P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions betewwn both groups. Conclusion:The self-designed Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction can relieve the clinical symptoms, improve the heart function and serum ET-1 and MMP-9 levels in patients with GHF complicated with atrial fibrillation safely.

Neurodegenerative disease is a type of disease characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, the cause of which is not clear. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a member of the aquaporin family, which plays an important role in maintaining water homeostasis in the brain. In recent years, researchers found that AQP4 has the functions of draining brain metabolic wastes and participating in material exchange through the glmphatic system. This review aims to summarize the current researches of AQP4 in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson′s disease and Alzheimer′s disease, and to propose future research directions.

Objective:To explore the real experience of developing self-consciousness, self-discovery, self-identity crisis and self-cognition improvement of young cancer patients from the initial stage of diagnosis, and to provide reference for medical staff to construct the intervention mode of psychosocial support.Methods:Using phenomenological method in qualitative research, 14 young cancer patients aged 18-25 years from April 2019 to August 2020 in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were interviewed in semi-structured way separately at three time points: initial diagnosis, 6 months after diagnosis and 12 months after diagnosis. 7-step Colaizzi analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:Three themes were extracted as following. The dilemma of self-cognition, self-identity biases and the exploration of self-identity.Conclusions:Attention should be paid to the psychological problems of young cancer patients at all stages, and meet the needs of patients to talk, cooperate with professional psychotherapists, encourage patients to recognize themselves, tap the inner positive power, so as to improve their sense of self-identity.

Objective    To examine the effect of preoperative adverse emotion on rehabilitation outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic major pulmonary resection. Methods    We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 438 patients with lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from February 2017 to July 2018 including 555 males and 883 females. All patients were assessed by Huaxi emotional-distress index scoring, and were divided into three groups including a non-negative emotion group, a mild negative emotion group, and a moderate-severe negative emotion group. All patients underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy or segmentectomy plus systematic lymph node dissection or sampling. The volume of postoperative chest drainage, postoperative lung infection rate, time of chest tube intubation and postoperative duration of hospitalization were compared among these three groups. Results    There were different morbidities of adverse emotion in age, sex, education level and smoking among patients before operation (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there was no statistical difference in the duration of indwelling drainage tube, drainage volume, postoperative pulmonary infection rate or the incidence of other complications among these three groups, but the duration of hospitalization in the latter two groups was less than that in the first group with a statistical difference (P<0.05). After correction of confounding factors by multiple regression analysis, there was no statistical difference among the three groups. Conclusion    Young patients are more likely to develop bad emotions, women are more likely to develop serious bad emotions, highly educated patients tend to develop bad emotions, and non-smoking patients tend to develop bad emotions. There is no effect of preoperative adverse emotions on the rapid recovery of lung cancer patients after minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) on the migration ability of hepatic progenitor cells in vitro. Methods: Primary hepatic progenitor cells of male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were isolated by two-step perfusion method and stimulated with different concentrations of TGFβ .The morphological changes were observed under phase -contrast microscopy. The effects of TGFβ on migration ability of hepatic progenitor cells were evaluated by scratch test and transwell method. Expression profiling and signaling phospho antibody array detected the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of TGFβ on hepatic progenitor cells. Protein level of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway and the localization of each signaling molecules in hepatic progenitor cells were detected. Data comparison between the two groups was performed by independent sample t-test. One-way ANOVA was used for data comparison between multiple groups. Results: TGFβ made the liver progenitor cells from oval to long spindle type. Scratch test showed that the scratch healing rates of 24 h control group, and 2 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml TGF-beta groups were 36.48% ± 4.37%, 57.35% ± 4.60%, and 73.14% ± 5.02% (F = 65.87, P < 0.01), respectively. Transwell test showed that the number of migrating cells in 24 h control group, 2 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml TGF-beta groups were 127 ± 16, 230 ± 18, and 385 ±36 (F = 94.99, P < 0.01), respectively. The results of expression profiling showed that TGFβ regulates gene expression in hepatic progenitor cells, and differentially expressed genes participate in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Signaling phospho antibody array and western blot showed that TGFβ regulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in hepatic progenitor cells. Concurrently, immunofluorescence assay showed phosphorylation (p) 70s6k, p AKT1 and PI3K and F-actin co-localizations. Conclusion TGFβ can promote hepatic progenitor cell migration through PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, and p70S6K, pAKT1 and PI3K signaling molecules are involved in the regulation of morphology and migration of liver progenitor cells.