1.An excerpt of EASL clinical practice guidelines on TIPS (2025 edition)
Wanci LI ; Jian SHEN ; Xiaoli ZHU
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2025;41(6):1037-1042
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is currently an effective procedure for the complications of portal hypertension. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in the field of TIPS in terms of technical approaches, prognostic models, and an expanding range of indications. The EASL recently issued the clinical practice guidelines on TIPS to comprehensively address all aspects of TIPS in patients with liver cirrhosis. This article makes an excerpt of the key recommendations in the guidelines.
2.Expert consensus on pulpotomy in the management of mature permanent teeth with pulpitis.
Lu ZHANG ; Chen LIN ; Zhuo CHEN ; Lin YUE ; Qing YU ; Benxiang HOU ; Junqi LING ; Jingping LIANG ; Xi WEI ; Wenxia CHEN ; Lihong QIU ; Jiyao LI ; Yumei NIU ; Zhengmei LIN ; Lei CHENG ; Wenxi HE ; Xiaoyan WANG ; Dingming HUANG ; Zhengwei HUANG ; Weidong NIU ; Qi ZHANG ; Chen ZHANG ; Deqin YANG ; Jinhua YU ; Jin ZHAO ; Yihuai PAN ; Jingzhi MA ; Shuli DENG ; Xiaoli XIE ; Xiuping MENG ; Jian YANG ; Xuedong ZHOU ; Zhi CHEN
International Journal of Oral Science 2025;17(1):4-4
Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans
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Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use*
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Consensus
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Dental Pulp
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Dentition, Permanent
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Oxides/therapeutic use*
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Pulpitis/therapy*
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Pulpotomy/standards*
3.Expert consensus on intentional tooth replantation.
Zhengmei LIN ; Dingming HUANG ; Shuheng HUANG ; Zhi CHEN ; Qing YU ; Benxiang HOU ; Lihong QIU ; Wenxia CHEN ; Jiyao LI ; Xiaoyan WANG ; Zhengwei HUANG ; Jinhua YU ; Jin ZHAO ; Yihuai PAN ; Shuang PAN ; Deqin YANG ; Weidong NIU ; Qi ZHANG ; Shuli DENG ; Jingzhi MA ; Xiuping MENG ; Jian YANG ; Jiayuan WU ; Lan ZHANG ; Jin ZHANG ; Xiaoli XIE ; Jinpu CHU ; Kehua QUE ; Xuejun GE ; Xiaojing HUANG ; Zhe MA ; Lin YUE ; Xuedong ZHOU ; Junqi LING
International Journal of Oral Science 2025;17(1):16-16
Intentional tooth replantation (ITR) is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions. ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth; evaluation of the root surface, endodontic manipulation, and repair; and placement of the tooth back into its original socket. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery. However, variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials. This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners; therefore, guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated. This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR, the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration, and the main complications of this treatment, aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies; the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans
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Tooth Replantation/methods*
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Consensus
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Periapical Periodontitis/surgery*
4.Expert consensus on difficulty assessment of endodontic therapy
Huang DINGMING ; Wang XIAOYAN ; Liang JINGPING ; Ling JUNQI ; Bian ZHUAN ; Yu QING ; Hou BENXIANG ; Chen XINMEI ; Li JIYAO ; Ye LING ; Cheng LEI ; Xu XIN ; Hu TAO ; Wu HONGKUN ; Guo BIN ; Su QIN ; Chen ZHI ; Qiu LIHONG ; Chen WENXIA ; Wei XI ; Huang ZHENGWEI ; Yu JINHUA ; Lin ZHENGMEI ; Zhang QI ; Yang DEQIN ; Zhao JIN ; Pan SHUANG ; Yang JIAN ; Wu JIAYUAN ; Pan YIHUAI ; Xie XIAOLI ; Deng SHULI ; Huang XIAOJING ; Zhang LAN ; Yue LIN ; Zhou XUEDONG
International Journal of Oral Science 2024;16(1):15-25
Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease.Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha.However,it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT).Recent research,encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques,contributes to our understanding of the root canal system's anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT.Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients,infection severity,root canal anatomy,and treatment techniques.Therefore,improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions.The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions,tooth conditions,root canal configuration,and root canal needing retreatment,and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes.The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT.These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.
5.Efficacy and safety of ciprofol for procedural sedation and anesthesia outside the operating room:a meta-analysis
Yunpeng XU ; Yufang LENG ; Jiayi ZHENG ; Hongrui LI ; Wenjie NIU ; Xing XUE ; Xiaoli MA ; Jian LIU
The Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology 2024;40(7):727-734
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ciprofol for sedation and anesthesia outside the operating room.Methods Databases such as PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang Data,CBM,and VIP were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)related to the efficacy and safety of ciprofol for sedation and anesthesia outside the operating room.The search covered all publications up to June 2023.Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 15.0.Results Twelve RCTs were included,involving 2 192 patients,of which 1 154 were in the ciprofol group and 1 038 in the propofol group.Compared with the propofol group,the anesthesia induction time(MD=0.28 min,95%CI 0.08-0.47 min,P=0.006)and recovery time(MD=1.16 min,95%CI 0.44-1.87 min,P=0.001)were significantly longer in the ciprofol group,and the inci-dences of injection pain(OR=0.04,95%CI 0.02-0.06,P<0.001),hypotension(OR=0.64,95%CI 0.49-0.83,P=0.0008),hypoxemia(OR=0.44,95%CI 0.21-0.91,P=0.03),and respirato-ry depression(OR=0.19,95%CI 0.11-0.32,P<0.001)were significantly lower.There were no sta-tistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of sedation success rate,physician satisfac-tion,the difference in heart rate before and after anesthesia induction,incidence of body movement,brady-cardia,nausea and vomiting,and dizziness.Conclusion The anesthetic effect of cyclopofol and propofol is similar when used for anesthesia outside the operating room.Compared to propofol,ciprofol offers comparable anesthetic effects for sedation and anesthesia outside the operating room,with a lesser impact on respiratory function and more stable hemodynamics.Ciprofol also significantly lowers the incidence of adverse reactions such as injection pain,hypotension,hypoxemia,and respiratory depression.
6.Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Di HU ; Jintao HUANG ; Binyan ZHONG ; Jian SHEN ; Xiaoli ZHU
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2024;40(7):1470-1476
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a relatively rare type of primary liver cancer,and its incidence rate has gradually increased in recent years.Due to its insidious onset and atypical clinical symptoms,most patients are already in the advanced stage of the disease at the time of confirmed diagnosis,and therefore,timely diagnosis and treatment are of great importance.Radical surgical resection is the standard treatment regimen for early-stage ICC patients,while systemic chemotherapy is the basic treatment for patients with advanced ICC and is often combined with interventional treatment,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy.This article reviews the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of ICC.
7.Efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitor combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor as the second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Hong NIE ; Binyan ZHONG ; Jian SHEN ; Xiaoli ZHU
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2024;40(8):1620-1626
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor as the second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 63 patients with advanced HCC who were admitted to Department of Interventional Radiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,from January 2018 to December 2022,and all patients experienced progression/intolerance after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with first-line TKI and were switched to second-line TKI with or without immune checkpoint inhibitor.The 32 patients receiving second-line TKI with immune checkpoint inhibitor were enrolled as combination group,and the 31 patients receiving second-line TKI alone were enrolled as single treatment group.Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors was used to evaluate tumor response,and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 5.0 was used to evaluate adverse events.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate median overall survival(mOS)and median progression-free survival(mPFS)for the two groups,and the two groups were compared in terms of objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR).The chi-square test was used for comparison of baseline data and follow-up results between groups.Results The median follow-up time was 16.5(3.2-53.4)months for the 63 patients.The combination group had an mOS of 24.3(95%confidence interval[CI]:20.0-28.6)months and an mPFS of 9.8(95%CI:7.5-12.1)months,while the single treatment group had an mOS of 15.8(95%CI:11.4-20.1)months and an mPFS of 4.1(95%CI:3.2-4.9)months,and there were significant differences in mOS and mPFS between the two groups(P=0.029 and 0.038).The combination group had an ORR of 47%and a DCR of 84%,while the single treatment group had an ORR of 19%and a DCR of 65%;there was a significant difference in ORR between the two groups(P=0.021),but with no significant difference in DCR between the two groups(P=0.070).As for adverse events,4 patients(12.5%)in the combination group and 3(10.0%)in the single treatment group experienced grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ serious adverse events,with no fatal drug reactions in either group,and there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse events between the two groups(P=0.783).Conclusion Compared with TKI alone,TKI combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor has a more significant therapeutic effect as the second-line therapy for advanced HCC,without increasing serious adverse reactions.
8.Expert consensus on clinical application of 177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer
Guobing LIU ; Weihai ZHUO ; Yushen GU ; Zhi YANG ; Yue CHEN ; Wei FAN ; Jianming GUO ; Jian TAN ; Xiaohua ZHU ; Li HUO ; Xiaoli LAN ; Biao LI ; Weibing MIAO ; Shaoli SONG ; Hao XU ; Rong TIAN ; Quanyong LUO ; Feng WANG ; Xuemei WANG ; Aimin YANG ; Dong DAI ; Zhiyong DENG ; Jinhua ZHAO ; Xiaoliang CHEN ; Yan FAN ; Zairong GAO ; Xingmin HAN ; Ningyi JIANG ; Anren KUANG ; Yansong LIN ; Fugeng LIU ; Cen LOU ; Xinhui SU ; Lijun TANG ; Hui WANG ; Xinlu WANG ; Fuzhou YANG ; Hui YANG ; Xinming ZHAO ; Bo YANG ; Xiaodong HUANG ; Jiliang CHEN ; Sijin LI ; Jing WANG ; Yaming LI ; Hongcheng SHI
Chinese Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024;31(5):844-850,封3
177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.
9.Effect of amino acid metabolic reprogramming on immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Xiaoli LIU ; Qinwen TAN ; Jian XU ; Huanling CHEN ; Jie YU ; Lu LU ; Mingkan DAI ; Jingjing HUANG ; Hongna HUANG ; Dewen MAO
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2024;40(12):2531-2537
Tumor immune microenvironment is a local external tumor environment composed of tumor immune cells and the cytokines secreted by these cells, and it plays a regulatory role in the development and progression of tumors. In the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, amino acid metabolism and its reprogramming of proliferating cell metabolism have attracted more and more attention, showing potential in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Although amino acid metabolic reprogramming is regarded as a novel approach for tumor therapy, its specific mechanism remains unclear in the regulation of tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. This article discusses the mechanism of action of amino acid metabolism in the tumor immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma and its application prospect in clinical practice, in order to provide new ideas for immunotherapy for liver cancer.
10.Current status and prospects of transarterial chemoembolization and its combined regimens in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Zexin HU ; Jintao HUANG ; Binyan ZHONG ; Jian SHEN ; Xiaoli ZHU
Journal of Clinical Hepatology 2024;40(1):175-180
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is currently the primary treatment method for advanced liver cancer. This article elaborates on the current status of application of TACE in hepatocellular carcinoma from the aspects of existing techniques, patient selection, and efficacy assessment and summarizes the research advances and prospects of TACE combined with local treatment and systemic therapy, so as to provide new ideas for clinical practice and experimental studies.

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