Objective: To analyze the effects of health literacy on overweight and obesity among primary school students and their parents in terms of salt, oil and sugar reduction (referred to as the "three reductions"), so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of obesity control measures. Methods: From March to April 2024, a total of 1 022 fourthgrade primary school students and 913 parents were surveyed in 24 classes in six counties in Shandong Province using multistage cluster random sampling, and physical measurements of primary school students were conducted. Pearsons correlation analysis and ordered multivariate Logistic regression were used to investigate the associations between health literacy of primary school students and their parents with overweight and obesity among children. Results: The detection rates of overweight and obesity primary school students in Shandong Province were 14.87% and 24.66%, respectively, with significant sex difference in obesity rate (29.46% for boys and 19.76% for girls) (χ2=12.93, P<0.01). In addition to students reducing oil scores, parental reducing salt,reducing oil,reducing sugar, comprehensive health literacy scores and students reducing salt,reducing sugar and comprehensive health literacy scores showed a negative relationship with students overweight and obesity (r=-0.10, -0.08, -0.07, -0.10, -0.04, -0.07, -0.03, P<0.05). The overweight and obesity rates among primary school students with high parental reducing salt,reducing oil,reducing sugar and composite health literacy scores were lower (OR=0.69, 0.69, 0.71, 0.63, P<0.05); and the overweight and obesity rate among students with high parental and low parental and high and low parental health literacy scores were lower (OR=0.68, 0.57, P<0.05). Conclusion Improving health literacy regarding "three reductions" for parents and children, especially parents, can effectively reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects and its mechanism of Bazheng powder on chronic urinary tract infection （CUTI） induced by Escherichia coli in rats. METHODS The rats were divided into normal control group， model group， levofloxacin group （45 mg/kg） and Bazheng powder group （4.95 g/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal control group， other groups were administered an intravesical injection of Escherichia coli suspension （1×10⁸ cfu/mL） via the urethra to establish CUTI model； at the same time， rats in each group were administered the corresponding medicinal solution or water by gavage once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， blood routine tests （white blood cell count and lymphocyte percentage）， the levels of serum inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， IL-8， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）]， and immune indicators [CD4， CD8， secretory immunoglobulin A （SIgA）]， renal function indicators [cystatin C （Cys-C）， α1- microglobulin （α1-MG）， urea and creatinine] were all determined； the pathological changes in renal and bladder tissues in rats were observed. The protein expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 （NLRP3） in rat bladder tissues were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6， IL-8， TNF-α， CD8， Cys-C， α1-MG， urea and creatinine in serum， as well as the protein expressions of TLR4， NF-κB and NLRP3 in bladder tissues， were significantly elevated in the model group （P＜0.05）. Conversely， the levels of CD4 and SIgA were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Pathological changes， such as extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells， were observed in both renal and bladder tissues. Compared with the model group， the above quantitative indicators in the Bazheng powder group were significantly improved （P＜0.05）， with no obvious inflammatory lesions observed in either renal or bladder tissues. CONCLUSIONS Bazheng powder can alleviate inflammatory reaction and improve the immune function of CUTI rats， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/ NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on motor function in Parkinson's disease(PD)model mice and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins in the midbrain substantia nigra(SN).Methods C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups according to the random number table method:control group,model group,and electroacupuncture(EA)group,12 mice per group.The PD model was reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone solution 10 mg/(kg·d).EA group was administered at the three selected points,"Fengfu"(GV16),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36),with a treatment cycle of 2 weeks.The control and model groups took the same time synchronous fixation operation for the control variable.Behavioral scores and open field tests were used to detect the exercise ability of mice in each group.Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and α-synuclein(α-syn)in the midbrain SN of mice in all groups were measured with an immunohistochemistry test.NLRP3 and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(Caspase-1)protein expression levels in the midbrain SN of mice in the three groups were measured using Western blotting,and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)content was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared to the control group,the behavioral scores of the mice in the model group were higher(P<0.01).Compared to the model group,the behavioral scores of the mice in the EA group were lower(P<0.01).Compared to the control group,the time ratio of the relative rest state of the mice in the model group(<100 mm/s)increased significantly(P<0.01),while the time ratio of the slow motion(100～200 mm/s)and time ratio of the fast motion(>200 mm/s)state decreased significantly(P<0.01).Compared to the model group,the time ratio spent in the relative rest state of mice in the EA group decreased significantly(P<0.01),while the time ratio of the slow motion state and time ratio of the fast motion state and movement rate increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared to the control group,the TH expression level decreased in the SN in the model group(P<0.01),while α-syn increased(P<0.01).Compared to the model group,the TH expression level in the EA group increased(P<0.05),while α-syn decreased(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the protein expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the SN of the model group increased(P<0.01);compared to the model group,the expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the SN of the midbrain of mice decreased after EA treatment(P<0.01).Compared to the control group,IL-1β in the SN of the mouse midbrain increased in the model group(P<0.01).Compared to the model group,IL-1β decreased in the EA group(P<0.05).Conclusion This experiment shows that stimulation of EA in"Fengfu","Taichong",and"Zusanli"can effectively reduce abnormal aggregation of the PD marker α-syn,increase TH expression,and enhance the motor dysfunction of PD model mice.The molecular mechanism is related to the regulation of the expression of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β of inflammasome-related pathways.

Objective:To explore the prenatal ultrasound phenotype and genetic basis of two fetuses with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the ultrasound imaging data of two fetuses suspected for WHS at the Prenatal Diagnostic Center of Qingyuan People′s Hospital in July 2017 and August 2019, respectively. Amniotic fluid samples of the two fetuses were subjected to chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). This study was approved by Medical Ethics Committee of the Qingyuan People′s Hospital (Ethics No. IRB-2022-064).Results:Prenatal ultrasound examination of the two fetuses had consistently revealed WHS-associated traits including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), craniofacial abnormalities and cardiovascular anomalies. Karyotyping analysis suggested that both fetuses had harbored cryptic chromosomal translocations involving partial deletion of 4p. And parental verification revealed that it was de novo for fetus 1 and paternal for fetus 2. CMA has confirmed that fetus 1 had an approximately 8.7 Mb deletion at 4p16.3p16.1 and a 6.8 Mb duplication at 8p23.1p23.1, whilst fetus 2 had a 20.05 Mb deletion at 4p16.3p15.31 and a 7.66 Mb duplication at 9p24.3p24.1. The karyotype of fetus 1 was determined as 46, XN, der(4)t(4; 8)(p16.1; p23.1)dn.arr[hg19]4p16.3p16.1(68345_8721580)×1, 8p23.3p23.1(158048_6933745)×3, and that of fetus 2 was determined as 46, XN, der(4)t(4; 9)(p15.3; p24)dpat.arr[hg19]4p16.3p15.31(68345_20116061)×1, 9p24.3p24.1(208454_7868292)×3. Conclusion:The 4p deletion is probably the main cause for the WHS phenotype in both fetuses. WHS should be suspected when IUGR, renal anomalies, craniofacial and cardiovascular abnormalities are detected upon prenatal ultrasound screening.

Objective:We aimed to analyse the trend of incidence and mortality of stomach cancer in Shandong province from 2012 to 2022 and predict the development trend from 2023 to 2030.Methods:Data on incidence and mortality of stomach cancer in Shandong province from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from Shandong Cancer Registry. The incidence, age-specific incidence, mortality and age-specific mortality in different years, sexes and urban and rural areas were calculated, the rates were standardized based on the age composition of the Chinese standard population in 2000. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of incidence and mortality was calculated using Joinpoint software. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the trend of stomach cancer incidence and mortality from 2023 to 2030.Results:From 2012 to 2022, the stomach cancer age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) showed a decreasing trend. The ASIR decreased from 27.47/100 000 in 2012 to 16.06/100 000 in 2022 (AAPC=-5.10%, P＜0.001), and the ASMR decreased from 17.69/100 000 to 11.09/100 000 (AAPC=-5.52%, P＜0.001). The ASIR and ASMR of male, female, urban and rural population also showed downward trends. The incidence and mortality rates of men were always higher than those of women, and the difference between urban and rural areas is gradually narrowing. In 2022, the ASIR (16.09/100 000 in urban and 16.03/100 000 in rural) and the ASMR (11.10/100 000 in urban and 11.08/100 000 in rural) of stomach cancer between urban and rural areas were nearly identical. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model predicted that the ASIR of stomach cancer in Shandong would further decrease from 2023 to 2030 (AAPC=-0.51%, P=0.001), but the change tended to be smooth. The incidences in male (AAPC=-1.46%, P=0.010) and rural areas (AAPC=-1.21%, P＜0.001) were still expected to have a little room for decline. The trend of incidences in female and urban areas were not statistically significant. The trend of mortality was consistent with the incidence. Conclusions:The stomach cancer incidence and mortality in Shandong shows a decreasing trend and it is expected to decrease further by 2030. However, the trend tends to be smooth, and the disease burden should be reduced as early as possible for high-risk population and high-risk factors of stomach cancer.

Objective:We aimed to analyse the trend of incidence and mortality of stomach cancer in Shandong province from 2012 to 2022 and predict the development trend from 2023 to 2030.Methods:Data on incidence and mortality of stomach cancer in Shandong province from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from Shandong Cancer Registry. The incidence, age-specific incidence, mortality and age-specific mortality in different years, sexes and urban and rural areas were calculated, the rates were standardized based on the age composition of the Chinese standard population in 2000. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of incidence and mortality was calculated using Joinpoint software. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the trend of stomach cancer incidence and mortality from 2023 to 2030.Results:From 2012 to 2022, the stomach cancer age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) showed a decreasing trend. The ASIR decreased from 27.47/100 000 in 2012 to 16.06/100 000 in 2022 (AAPC=-5.10%, P＜0.001), and the ASMR decreased from 17.69/100 000 to 11.09/100 000 (AAPC=-5.52%, P＜0.001). The ASIR and ASMR of male, female, urban and rural population also showed downward trends. The incidence and mortality rates of men were always higher than those of women, and the difference between urban and rural areas is gradually narrowing. In 2022, the ASIR (16.09/100 000 in urban and 16.03/100 000 in rural) and the ASMR (11.10/100 000 in urban and 11.08/100 000 in rural) of stomach cancer between urban and rural areas were nearly identical. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model predicted that the ASIR of stomach cancer in Shandong would further decrease from 2023 to 2030 (AAPC=-0.51%, P=0.001), but the change tended to be smooth. The incidences in male (AAPC=-1.46%, P=0.010) and rural areas (AAPC=-1.21%, P＜0.001) were still expected to have a little room for decline. The trend of incidences in female and urban areas were not statistically significant. The trend of mortality was consistent with the incidence. Conclusions:The stomach cancer incidence and mortality in Shandong shows a decreasing trend and it is expected to decrease further by 2030. However, the trend tends to be smooth, and the disease burden should be reduced as early as possible for high-risk population and high-risk factors of stomach cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on the intestinal NIMA-related kinase 7(NEK7)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway in mice with Parkinson's disease.Methods According to the randomized number table method,36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,and the electroacupuncture group,with 12 mice per group.The Parkinson's disease mouse model was established by gavage of rotenone solution(10 mg/kg)for 28 d.After molding,the electroacupuncture group was stimulated with"Fengfu"(DU17),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36)for 14 d,while the control group and the model group were only treated with immobilization.The motor ability of mice was detected by pole climbing test and hindlimb rating score,the positive expressions of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and colon occludin were detected by immunohistochemistry,the histological morphology of colon was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Results Compared with the control group,mice in the model group had lower score on the pole climbing test and a higher hindlimb rating score(P＜0.01);the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were decreased(P＜0.01);significant inflammatory infiltration was observed in the colonic tissue,and the muscularis propria was thinned;and the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β in the colonic tissue were elevated(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,mice in the electroacupuncture group had higher score on the pole climbing test and a lower hindlimb rating score(P＜0.01);the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were increased(P＜0.01);the degree of inflammatory infiltration of colonic tissues decreased,and the muscularis propria was thickened;and the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β of colonic tissues were decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Fengfu"(DU17),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36)can improve motor functional impairments in mice with Parkinson's disease,and the mechanism may be through the inhibition of intestinal NEK7/NLRP3 pathway,improving the intestinal barrier damage,relieving the intestinal inflammation,and improving the dopaminergic neuron injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on the intestinal NIMA-related kinase 7(NEK7)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway in mice with Parkinson's disease.Methods According to the randomized number table method,36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,and the electroacupuncture group,with 12 mice per group.The Parkinson's disease mouse model was established by gavage of rotenone solution(10 mg/kg)for 28 d.After molding,the electroacupuncture group was stimulated with"Fengfu"(DU17),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36)for 14 d,while the control group and the model group were only treated with immobilization.The motor ability of mice was detected by pole climbing test and hindlimb rating score,the positive expressions of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and colon occludin were detected by immunohistochemistry,the histological morphology of colon was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Results Compared with the control group,mice in the model group had lower score on the pole climbing test and a higher hindlimb rating score(P＜0.01);the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were decreased(P＜0.01);significant inflammatory infiltration was observed in the colonic tissue,and the muscularis propria was thinned;and the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β in the colonic tissue were elevated(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,mice in the electroacupuncture group had higher score on the pole climbing test and a lower hindlimb rating score(P＜0.01);the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were increased(P＜0.01);the degree of inflammatory infiltration of colonic tissues decreased,and the muscularis propria was thickened;and the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β of colonic tissues were decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Fengfu"(DU17),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36)can improve motor functional impairments in mice with Parkinson's disease,and the mechanism may be through the inhibition of intestinal NEK7/NLRP3 pathway,improving the intestinal barrier damage,relieving the intestinal inflammation,and improving the dopaminergic neuron injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on the intestinal NIMA-related kinase 7(NEK7)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway in mice with Parkinson's disease.Methods According to the randomized number table method,36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,and the electroacupuncture group,with 12 mice per group.The Parkinson's disease mouse model was established by gavage of rotenone solution(10 mg/kg)for 28 d.After molding,the electroacupuncture group was stimulated with"Fengfu"(DU17),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36)for 14 d,while the control group and the model group were only treated with immobilization.The motor ability of mice was detected by pole climbing test and hindlimb rating score,the positive expressions of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and colon occludin were detected by immunohistochemistry,the histological morphology of colon was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Results Compared with the control group,mice in the model group had lower score on the pole climbing test and a higher hindlimb rating score(P＜0.01);the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were decreased(P＜0.01);significant inflammatory infiltration was observed in the colonic tissue,and the muscularis propria was thinned;and the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β in the colonic tissue were elevated(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,mice in the electroacupuncture group had higher score on the pole climbing test and a lower hindlimb rating score(P＜0.01);the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were increased(P＜0.01);the degree of inflammatory infiltration of colonic tissues decreased,and the muscularis propria was thickened;and the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β of colonic tissues were decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Fengfu"(DU17),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36)can improve motor functional impairments in mice with Parkinson's disease,and the mechanism may be through the inhibition of intestinal NEK7/NLRP3 pathway,improving the intestinal barrier damage,relieving the intestinal inflammation,and improving the dopaminergic neuron injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on the intestinal NIMA-related kinase 7(NEK7)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway in mice with Parkinson's disease.Methods According to the randomized number table method,36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,and the electroacupuncture group,with 12 mice per group.The Parkinson's disease mouse model was established by gavage of rotenone solution(10 mg/kg)for 28 d.After molding,the electroacupuncture group was stimulated with"Fengfu"(DU17),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36)for 14 d,while the control group and the model group were only treated with immobilization.The motor ability of mice was detected by pole climbing test and hindlimb rating score,the positive expressions of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and colon occludin were detected by immunohistochemistry,the histological morphology of colon was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Results Compared with the control group,mice in the model group had lower score on the pole climbing test and a higher hindlimb rating score(P＜0.01);the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were decreased(P＜0.01);significant inflammatory infiltration was observed in the colonic tissue,and the muscularis propria was thinned;and the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β in the colonic tissue were elevated(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,mice in the electroacupuncture group had higher score on the pole climbing test and a lower hindlimb rating score(P＜0.01);the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were increased(P＜0.01);the degree of inflammatory infiltration of colonic tissues decreased,and the muscularis propria was thickened;and the protein expressions of NEK7,NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β of colonic tissues were decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Fengfu"(DU17),"Taichong"(LR3),and"Zusanli"(ST36)can improve motor functional impairments in mice with Parkinson's disease,and the mechanism may be through the inhibition of intestinal NEK7/NLRP3 pathway,improving the intestinal barrier damage,relieving the intestinal inflammation,and improving the dopaminergic neuron injury.