Objective:To study the effects of hypoxia on the autophagy level in the spleen of mice with OSAHS.Methods:Mouse OSAHS hypoxia model was established in 24 C57BL/6 mice and the mice were divided into 3 groups:normoxic group,hypoxic group and resveratrol group(n=8).Real time PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of autophagy related proteins microtube associated protein 1 light chain 3 B(LC3B),myosin-like BCL2 inteacting protein(Beclin1)and autophagy related gene 5(ATG5)in mouse spleen respectively.Results:The mRNA expres-sion of LC3B,Beclin1,and ATG5 in the hypoxic group was lower than that in the normoxic group(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.001),resveratrol upregulated the expression levels of LC3B and ATG5 mRNA in the hypoxic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.001),but did not up-regulate the expression of Beclin1(P＞0.05).The protein expression levels of LC3B,Beclin1 and ATG5 in the hypoxic group were lower than that in the normoxic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Resveratrol upregulated the expression levels of LC3B and ATG5 in the hypoxic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but did not upregulated the expression of Beclin1(P＞0.05).IHC test showed that the expression level of LC3B,Beclin1 and ATG5 in the hypoxic group was lower than that in the normoxic group(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Resveratrol increased the expression level of LC3B and ATG5 in the hypoxic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but did not upregulate the expression of Beclin1(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Hypoxia may inhibite the autophagy level of spleen in mice.Resvera-trol derivatives increases the autophagy level of mice under hypoxia condition,but has no significant effect on Beclin1 expression.

Objective:To study the effects of hypoxia on the autophagy level in the spleen of mice with OSAHS.Methods:Mouse OSAHS hypoxia model was established in 24 C57BL/6 mice and the mice were divided into 3 groups:normoxic group,hypoxic group and resveratrol group(n=8).Real time PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of autophagy related proteins microtube associated protein 1 light chain 3 B(LC3B),myosin-like BCL2 inteacting protein(Beclin1)and autophagy related gene 5(ATG5)in mouse spleen respectively.Results:The mRNA expres-sion of LC3B,Beclin1,and ATG5 in the hypoxic group was lower than that in the normoxic group(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.001),resveratrol upregulated the expression levels of LC3B and ATG5 mRNA in the hypoxic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.001),but did not up-regulate the expression of Beclin1(P＞0.05).The protein expression levels of LC3B,Beclin1 and ATG5 in the hypoxic group were lower than that in the normoxic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Resveratrol upregulated the expression levels of LC3B and ATG5 in the hypoxic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but did not upregulated the expression of Beclin1(P＞0.05).IHC test showed that the expression level of LC3B,Beclin1 and ATG5 in the hypoxic group was lower than that in the normoxic group(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Resveratrol increased the expression level of LC3B and ATG5 in the hypoxic group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but did not upregulate the expression of Beclin1(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Hypoxia may inhibite the autophagy level of spleen in mice.Resvera-trol derivatives increases the autophagy level of mice under hypoxia condition,but has no significant effect on Beclin1 expression.

Objective·To investigate the safety and feasibility of early goal-directed mobilization in the recovery of gastrointestinal function after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods·The non-contemporaneous controlled studies were conducted.Subjects who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were included.From Sep 2022 to May 2023,forty patients were selected as the control group,and forty patients were selected from June 2023 to February 2024 as the experimental group.The general clinical data of the two groups were collected.The control group was treated with the nursing routine after pancreaticoduodenectomy,and there were no specific requirements for the time and goal of early activity.The experimental group had daily activity goals established for early mobilization,which were performed by the patients and their families,while the rest of their care was identical to that of the control group.The main index of effectiveness evaluation was the time of first flatus and first defecation,and the secondary indexes included the time of first getting out of bed,the time of oral drinking,the time of the gastric tube removal,and the postoperative levels of K+,Na+,and Cl-on the 3rd day of the postoperative period.Safety evaluations included chyle leak,postoperative pancreatic fistula,biliary leak and delayed gastric emptying,postoperative hemorrhage,unplanned reoperation,unplanned extubation,falls and death.Results·There was no statistically significant difference in the general clinical data of the patients in the 2 groups.After the implementation of early goal-directed mobilization,the time of first flatus was advanced from(3.95±1.68)d to(2.88±0.91)d(t=-3.560,P=0.001),and the time of first defecation was advanced from(4.90±1.61)d to(3.80±1.30)d(t=-3.352,P=0.001).The time of first getting out of bed was advanced from(5.18±1.77)d to(2.30±0.88)d(t=-9.205,P＜0.001),and the time of oral drinking was advanced from(4.10±1.89)d to(2.73±1.20)d(t=-3.883,P＜0.001).Significant differences were also observed in postoperative day 3 Na+(t=-2.745,P=0.008)and Cl-(t=-2.033,P=0.045)levels.Conclusion·Early goal-directed activity programs are safe and effective in promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal function after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) often require diuretics during hospitalization to alleviate fluid retention and improve prognosis. However, the diuretic efficacy and renal impact of dapagliflozin in this population remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on diuresis and renal function in hospitalized patients with HFrEF. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included clinical data from 200 hospitalized HFrEF patients treated at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2021 and September 2022. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received dapagliflozin: a standard treatment group (n=120) and a dapagliflozin treatment group (n=80). The following were compared between the 2 groups during hospitalization: The 24-hour average difference of liquid intake and output during the first 5 days, urine output, cumulative urine output, diuretic efficiency, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), hospitalization costs, drug costs, and cost-effectiveness ratio (C/E). RESULTS: 1) Primary outcome: The 24-hour average difference of liquid intake and output during the first 5 days was significantly higher in the dapagliflozin treatment group than in the standard treatment group (P<0.05). 2) Secondary outcomes: The 24-hour average urine volume, cumulative urine volume and diuretic efficiency in the first 5 days of dapagliflozin treatment group were higher than those in the standard treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Among patients with impaired renal function on admission [eGFR between 45 and 90 mL/(min·1.73 m²)], the change in eGFR after treatment was significantly smaller in the dapagliflozin treatment group (P<0.05). For patients with normal renal function on admission [eGFR >90 mL/(min·1.73 m²)], the difference in eGFR changes between 2 groups was not significant (P>0.05). NT-proBNP decreased more in the dapagliflozin treatment group than in the standard treatment group during hospitalization (P<0.05). 3) Other indicators: The length of hospital stay was longer in the dapagliflozin treatment group. However, discharge systolic blood pressure, drug costs, and hospitalization costs were all higher in the standard group, though differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The C/E was more favorable in the dapagliflozin treatment group (425.36 vs. 476.67). CONCLUSIONS In hospitalized patients with chronic HFrEF, dapagliflozin treatment increased 24-hour average difference of liquid intake and output and total urine output, reduced NT-proBNP levels, and showed a milder decline in eGFR in those with pre-existing renal impairment. Discharge blood pressure, drug costs, and hospital stay were not significantly affected. While standard therapy may offer better short-term clinical benefits, dapagliflozin demonstrated a superior short-term cost-effectiveness profile.
Humans ; Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology* ; Glucosides/pharmacology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Heart Failure/physiopathology* ; Hospitalization ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects* ; Diuretics/therapeutic use* ; Kidney/drug effects* ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood* ; Stroke Volume ; Peptide Fragments/blood* ; Diuresis/drug effects*

Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection induces inflammation in gastric mucosa, and the production of nitric oxide (NO) may increase in response to the inflammation. However, the correlations between NO concentration in exhaled air and the severity of gastric inflammation and Hp infection are not clear. Aims: To explore the influence of Hp infection on fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), an indicator of airway inflammation, and the relationship between FeNO and severity of gastric inflammation. Methods: Adult patients who accepted

The triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. This subtype is highly immunogenetic and exhibits rich tumor infiltrated lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment. However, immunotherapy alone is less effective as compared with the doublet of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in TNBC. The efficacy in early recurrence settings of mTNBC exceeds that in heavily treated subgroups. Meanwhile, other combinations including anti-angiogenesis, immune modulators, and PARPi elicit a promising effect. Herein, this paper reviews the progress of efficacy, safety, and the outlook in the immunotherapy of TNBC disease.

Objective:To explore the use of internet-based continuous visual recognition task (MemTrax test, MTX) as a rapid screening tool for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods:Sixty-four patients with aMCI and 64 individuals with normal cognition as healthy controls were enrolled respectively from Department of Neurology and Health Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from August 2018 to December 2019. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and MTX were adopted to assess the cognitive function of all subjects. The total adjusted MoCA scale score, correct rate of MTX, reaction time of MTX and MTX score were obtained and statistically analyzed.Results:The adjusted MoCA scale scores of aMCI patients and healthy controls were 19 (14, 24) and 26 (24, 27; Z=6.795), the correct rate of MTX of aMCI patients and healthy controls were 74% (60%, 80%) and 88% (84%, 94%; Z=8.359), and the MTX score of aMCI patients and healthy controls were 51.11±14.07 and 70.56±14.91 ( t=7.590), respectively, all with statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). Reaction time of MTX of aMCI patients and healthy controls was 1.401 (1.253, 1.590) s and 1.277 (1.163, 1.410) s, respectively ( Z=3.083, P<0.01). After adjustment for age, physical or mental occupation, exercise, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, sleep time, as well as smoke, the linear regression showed that the aMCI patients had a significant decrease of adjusted MoCA score, correct rate of MTX and MTX score ( P<0.001), and an extension of reaction time of MTX ( P=0.071), compared with the controls. By MTX and MoCA scale assessment, the best cutoff value was 81% for correct rate of MTX and 23 for adjusted MoCA scale score respectively for the prediction of aMCI (with sensitivity of 79.7%, 93.8% respectively, and specificity of 68.8%, 82.8% respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) of correct rate of MTX was 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.97, P<0.001), and the AUC of adjusted MoCA score was 0.85 (95% CI 0.78-0.91, P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in paired comparison of the two AUCs (χ2=4.620, P<0.05). Conclusion:MTX acts better for the detection of aMCI than MoCA scale, and correct rate of MTX<81% can be considered as the existence of MCI.

Objective To explore the mechanism of the role of mitomycin C(MMC)in regulating miR-200b expression and inducing fibroblasts apoptosis. Methods Fibroblasts cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of MMC for 5 min and continue culture for 24 h. The expression of miR-200b were analyzed by Real-time PCR. Cell apoptosis were observed using TUNEL staining. The expression of cleaved-PARP,Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. The methylation level of miR-200b promoter were measured by BSP. Results After treated with MMC,The expression of miR-200b significantly downregulated.TUNEL Staining analysis demonstrated MMC could significantly induce human fibroblasts apoptosis. Western blot results showed cleaved-PARP,Bax increased and Bcl-2 decreased.The methylation ratio of miR-200b promotor increased and has a significant dose dependent. Conclusion MMC induced human fibroblasts apoptosis by promoting miR-200b promoter methylation.

In this study, the rapid resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( RRLC-QTOF/MS ) was used to profile the metabolites of urine samples from Childhood Pneumonia ( CP) patients and healthy controls and find the potential biomarkers which can support evidence to early diagnose and cure the disease. Choose 10 CP patients ( age 47. 72 ± 2. 35 months) and 10 healthy controls ( age 46 . 65 ± 1 . 97 months ) . The urine samples were analyzed by RRLC-QTOF/MS and then the resulting data matrices were analyzed by principal components analysis ( PCA ) to find the potential biomarkers. Urine samples of CP patients were successfully distinguished from those of healthy controls. A total of two significantly changed metabolites have been found and identified as potential biomarkers. It is suggested that the disorder of purine metabolism and amino acid metabolism may play an important role in the mechanism of CP.

Objective To explore the synergetic effect of HBX protein and M2 macrophages in inflammatory microenvironment on invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods Hep3B cells were infected with recombinant lentivirus carrying HBx gene,following co-culture with THP-1 original M2 macrophages.The cells were divided into six groups:two infected groups (Hep3B +and Hep3B + + M2),four non-infected groups (Hep3B-,Hep3B-+ LV5,Hep3B-+ M2,Hep3B-+LV5 + M2).Western blot (WB) was used to assess the expression changes of E-cadherin and N-cadherin,markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).The cellular location of EMT markers was observed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy.Transwell assay was used to evaluate the invasion ability of Hep3B cells.Results HBX protein overexpressed in Hep3B cells by lentivirus infection.After 72 h co-culture with M2 macrophages,WB results showed that E-cadherin descreased significantly in Hep3B+ (0.42 ±0.11) when compared with Hep3B-(1.00 ±0.18) (t =4.762,P ＜0.05),while N-cadherin was significantly higher in Hep3B + (2.85 ± 0.44) than in Hep3B-(1.00 ± 0.17) (t =4.762,P ＜ 0.05).M2macrophages decreased E-cadherin expression in Hep3 B + + M2 (0.1 ± 0.13) compared with Hep3 B + (t =3.255,P ＜0.05),while N-cadherin expression increased in Hep3B+ + M2 (4.18 ± 0.52) (t=10.009,P ＜ 0.05).Non-Infected groups didn't change the markers of E-cadherin and N-cadherin.It was suggested that invasion ability of Hep3B increased by HBx overexpression.Conclusions HBX protein and M2 macrophages synergetically mediated the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by EMT.