OBJECTIVES: To investigate the ethnic origin of Chuanqing people, one of the largest unidentified ethnic groups in Guizhou, China, and analyze its genetic relationships with surrounding populations. METHODS: Based on a self-developed microhaplotype system, we conducted genotyping and analyzed the genetic distribution of microhaplotype loci and their forensic applicability in Chuanqing population in Guizhou Province. Using the microhaplotype data from different intercontinental populations and previously reported data from Han population living in Guizhou Province, we systematically investigated the genetic background of Chuanqing people through population genetic approaches, including genetic distance estimation, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. RESULTS: Among the studied population, the number of haplotype per microhaplotype ranged from 6 to 25. The average expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), and probability of exclusion (PE) were 0.8291, 0.8301, 0.9387, and 0.6593, respectively. The cumulative power of discrimination (CPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) for these 33 loci were 1-2.62×10^-41 and 1-7.64×10^-17, respectively. Population genetic analyses revealed that the Chuanqing population had close genetic relationships with the East Asian populations, especially the local Guizhou Han population, Beijing Han population and the Han populations living in southern China. CONCLUSIONS The 33 microhaplotypes exhibit high levels of genetic diversity in the Guizhou Chuanqing population, highlighting their potentials for both forensic identification and parentage testing. The Han populations might have contributed a significant amount of genetic material to the Chuanqing population during the formation and development of the latter.
Humans ; China/ethnology* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; East Asian People/genetics*

Xiaoaiping (XAP) Injection demonstrates the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) effects, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of XAP on PCa and elucidate its mechanism of action. PCa cell proliferation was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed through Hoechst staining and Western blotting assays. Proteomics technology was employed to identify key molecules and significant signaling pathways modulated by XAP in PCa cells. To further validate potential key genes and important pathways, a series of assays were conducted, including acridine orange (AO) staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence assays. The molecular mechanism of XAP against PCa in vivo was examined using a PC3 xenograft mouse model. Results demonstrated that XAP significantly inhibited cell proliferation in multiple PCa cell lines. In C4-2 and prostate cancer cell line-3 (PC3) cells, XAP induced cellular apoptosis, evidenced by reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels and elevated Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) levels. Proteomic, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) investigations revealed a strong correlation between forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) autophagic degradation and the anti-PCa action of XAP. XAP hindered autophagy by reducing the expression levels of autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5)/autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg12) and enhancing FoxO3a expression and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, XAP exhibited potent anti-PCa action in PC3 xenograft mice and triggered FoxO3a nuclear translocation in tumor tissue. These findings suggest that XAP induces PCa apoptosis via inhibition of FoxO3a autophagic degradation, potentially offering a novel perspective on XAP injection as an effective anticancer therapy for PCa.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Proteomics ; Mice ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Objective:To investigate the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes (BMSC-Exo) on improving hippocampal microangiogenesis, energy metabolism, and behaviors in depression mouse models.Methods:(1) Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured to extract BMSC-Exo; BMSC-Exo morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, BMSC-Exo particle diameter ranges were determined by Zetaview analyzer, and expressions of CD9 and CD63 in BMSC-Exo were detected by Western blotting. (2) Depression models were established in 2 mice by chronic unforeseeable mild stress (CUMS); 24 h after stereotaxic injection of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) or DiR labeled BMSC-Exo, BMSC-Exo uptake was detected by in vivo imaging system. (3) Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and BMSC-Exo group ( n=12); CUMS was used to establish depression models in the latter 2 groups; brain stereotaxic injection of 1 μL BMSC-Exo was given to mice in the BMSC-Exo group after modeling, and same amount of PBS was given to the control group; behaviors were observed by forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT); hippocampal microvascular length and number were detected by alkaline phosphatase staining; energy metabolism in the hippocampus was detected by micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (mPET/CT); glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in the hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. Results:(1) BMSC-Exo had a typical disk-like vesicle-like structure with particle size of (100.5±1.4) nm; Western blotting confirmed that CD9 and CD63 expressed in BMSC-Exo. (2) In vivo imaging showed no fluorescence in the brain and liver after PBS injection, but obvious local fluorescence after BMSC-Exo injection. (3) Compared with the control group, the model group and BMSC-Exo group had significantly longer rest time in FST and TST and shorter movement distance and time in the central region of OFT ( P<0.05); compared with the model group, BMSC-Exo group had significantly shorter rest time in FST and TST and longer movement distance and time in the central region of OFT ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the model group and BMSC-Exo group had significantly decreased standard uptake value (SUV) of regions of interest, microvascular length and number, and GLUT1 expression in the hippocampus ( P<0.05); compared with the model group, the BMSC-Exo group had significantly higher SUV, microvascular length and number, and GLUT1 expression in the hippocampus ( P<0.05). Positive correlations were noted between hippocampal microvascular length and SUV and between microvascular number and SUV in the 3 groups ( r=0.540, P<0.001; r=0.600, P<0.001). Conclusion:BMSC-Exo could promote microangiogenesis energy metabolism in the hippocampus to improve depression-like behaviors in depression mouse models.

Objective To prepare and identify CS-PLGA microspheres carrying bilayer antigen protein.Methods Porous microspheres were prepared by emulsion polymerization combined with solvent evaporation.The antigen was loaded in a water bath at 4 ℃,and the antigen was promoted to enter the microspheres by physical diffusion media-ted by antigen concentration gradient and combined with the outer surface of the microspheres by electrostatic ac-tion,forming an inner and outer double-layer antigen carrier.Then,according to the glass transition temperature of PLGA material,the pores on the surface of porous microspheres were promoted to heal at 48 ℃ to form a closed microsphere preparation,and then the obtained microsphere preparation was suspended with chitosan solution for cationic modification to reverse the negative potential on the surface of microspheres.In this study,the morphology,particle size distribution and potential changes of microspheres were detected by scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer.In addition,sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)was used to identify whether the antigen was loaded into the microsphere preparation.The fluorescent labeled BSA and fluorescent labeled PLGA materials were used to observe the distribution of the antigen after load-ing by laser confocal microscope.The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate of the microsphere preparation were detected by BCA method.Results The results of scanning electron microscope and optical microscope showed that the porous microspheres had good pore formation,the particle size was(73.94±0.81)nm,and the Polydisper-sity index was 0.038±0.004.Zeta potential changed from negative to positive,which indicated that chitosan had been successfully coated on the surface of microspheres.SDS-PAGE,laser confocal microscope and other detection methods confirmed that BSA had been successfully carried.The encapsulation rate of porous microspheres was(3.01±0.04)％and the drug loading rate was(1.50±0.02)％after detection by micro BCA kit.Conclusion CS-PLGA preparation carrying bilayer antigen was successfully prepared,which provided a new idea for the subse-quent study of sustained and controlled release preparations.

The aim of this study was to prepare a self-assembled nanoparticle monkeypox vaccine candidate and study its immune response characteristics,so as to provide reference test data for its vaccine design.The antigen protein A29L-SpyTag and the backbone protein Mi3-SpyCatcher were expressed and purified by prokaryotic system,and nanoparticles A29L-Mi3 were prepared by chemical assembly,then the antibody titers were determined by ELISA,the antibody neutralization was determined by plaque test,and the cytokine secretion of lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry to describe the immune response characteristics.Data showed that A29L-Mi3 nanoparticles were successfully prepared,and the particles were uniformly distributed in hollow cages,with an average particle size of(29±0.19)nm.After the A29L-Mi3 nanoparticle vaccine candidate was combined with SP01 adjuvant,the neutralizing antibody titer was stronger than that of the A29L protein candidate,and the A29L-Mi3 nanoparticle vaccine candidate could obtain neutralizing antibodies with similar titers after two immunizations.The level of mouse T lymphocyte immune response activated by the A29L-Mi3 nanoparticle vaccine candidate was higher than that of the A29L protein vaccine candidate.In conclusion,A29L-Mi3 protein nanoparticles with uniform structure have successfully assembled in vitro,which has strong immunogenicity and improved neutralization ability after combination with SP01 adjuvant,thus provided reference data for the optimization of immune programs.In addition,the level of cellular immune response is higher than that of A29L protein alone,which provides a reference for the design and development of monkeypox vaccine.

Objective:To investigate the features of the brain structural network in patients with postpartum depression (PPD).Methods:This cross-sectional study included PPD patients who visited the mental health counseling clinic after delivery at the Jiangsu University Affiliated Yixing Hospital from June 2013 to September 2022 (PPD group). Matched non-PPD postpartum women based on age, years of education, and body mass index who came for postpartum follow-up (non-PPD postpartum group), and non-pregnant women who visited the hospital or underwent physical examinations during the same period (non-pregnant group) were also included. Demographic data and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected for all three groups. The brain was partitioned into 90 regions using an anatomical template to construct the brain structural network. Network-based statistics (NBS) were applied to further screen and construct subnetworks. The efficacy of the subnetworks in identifying PPD was evaluated through multivariable logistics regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves. A comparison of the connectivity strength of white matter tracts and topological attributes of brain structural network parameters was conducted using independent samples t-tests, and the results were corrected using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. Results:(1) A total of 116 subjects were included, with 40 in the non-pregnant group, 40 in the non-PPD postpartum group, and 36 in the PPD group. PPD group had higher Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores than the non-pregnant and non-PPD postpartum groups [(18.0±4.1) scores vs. (2.5±1.2) and (6.1±2.1) scores, F=340.40; t=24.65,10.60 and 16.16 in pairwise comparison; all P<0.001]. (2) Compared to the non-pregnant group, there was a decrease in the connectivity strength of nine white matter tracts within the brain structural network of the postpartum group (including left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus-left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus-right amygdala, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus-left insula, left insula-left lentiform nucleus, left insula-left hippocampus, left hippocampus-right amygdala, left hippocampus-left precuneus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus-right amygdala, and right amygdala-right hippocampus) (all P<0.05, FDR corrected). No increased connection strengths were observed. There were no significant differences in the connection strengths of these nine tracts between the non-PPD and PPD groups. (3) A characteristic subnetwork for the maternal group was successfully constructed based on the nine tracts, which exhibited typical small-world properties (σ>1). Compared to the non-PPD maternal group, the characteristic path length in the PPD group was increased [(3.904±0.328) vs. (4.130±0.433), t=－2.58], and global efficiency was decreased [(0.361±0.036) vs. (0.331±0.053), t=2.91] (both P<0.05). Local property comparisons showed that the node efficiency values for the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left insula, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus, left hippocampus, right hippocampus, right amygdala, left precuneus and left putamen in the PPD group were significantly reduced [(0.273±0.023) vs. (0.267±0.030), t=0.98; (0.299±0.035) vs. (0.276±0.041), t=2.64; (0.265±0.019) vs. (0.258±0.025), t=1.38; (0.318±0.028) vs. (0.305±0.031), t=1.92; (0.312±0.027) vs. (0.302±0.031), t=1.50; (0.322±0.030) vs. (0.298±0.026), t=3.71; (0.356±0.040) vs. (0.338±0.056), t=1.62; (0.346±0.028) vs. (0.331±0.036), t=1.74; all P<0.05]. However, only the differences in node efficiency values for the left insula and right amygdala remained significant after FDR correction (corrected P=0.041 and 0.003). (4) Global efficiency, as well as node efficiency for the left insula and right amygdala, demonstrated good value for identifying PPD [areas under the curve (AUC) and their 95% CI were 0.827 (0.732-0.922), 0.741 (0.628-0.854), and 0.761 (0.653-0.867), respectively], with even better performance when combined [0.897 (0.828-0.969)]. (5) In the PPD group, global efficiency ( r=－0.43, P=0.008), node efficiency for the left insula ( r=－0.39, P=0.019), and node efficiency for the right amygdala ( r=－0.42, P=0.011) were all negatively correlated with EPDS scores. Conclusion:Aberrations in global efficiency, node efficiency for the left insula, and node efficiency for the right amygdala may serve as characteristic neuroimaging biomarkers for PPD.

Objective Doctor-patient communication may be a key factor affecting patient satisfaction.To explore the correlation between the sub factors of doctor-patient communication and patient satisfaction.Methods Using the method of ran-dom sampling,837 valid samples were collected through the network questionnaire platform,and the correlation between the sub factors of doctor-patient communication and patient satisfaction was analyzed using structural equation model.Results Commu-nication time,communication attitude,emotional support and informational support in doctor-patient communication all have a positive impact on patient satisfaction.According to the degree of impact,they are emotional support,information support,and communication attitude and communication time.The influence of communication frequency on patient satisfaction was not signifi-cant.Conclusion In doctor-patient communication,compared with other factors,emotional support(such as encouragement,respect,understanding,comfort,etc.)and information support provided by doctors for patients have the greatest impact on patient satisfaction.The attitude of doctors towards patient consultation is also a key factor affecting the satisfaction of patients.Encouraging patients to ask questions,giving patients enough communication time,and giving patients patience and respect when consulting can all have a positive impact on improving patient satisfaction.

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.

OB JECTIVE To study the protective effects of saponins from Gleditsia sinensis on ischemic stroke with phlegm and blood stasis （ISPBS）model rats ，and to explore its mechanism. METHODS Totally 119 rats were randomly divided into normal group （normal saline ），sham operation group （normal saline ），model group （normal saline ），nimodipine group （positive control group ，5 mg/kg），G. sinensis saponin low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （3.21，6.42 and 12.84 mg/kg），with 17 rats in each group. Except for normal group ，other groups were all given high-fat diet+suture-occluded method to induce ISPBS model. The neurological function score ，water content of brain tissue ，pathological morphology of brain tissue ，the changes of hemorheology indexes （whole blood viscosity ， erythrocyte aggregation index ， Casson-viscosity）， four items of blood lipid [triacylglycerol （TG），total cholesterol （TC），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）] and inflammatory factors in serum and oxidative stress indexes [malondialdehyde （MDA），nitric oxide （NO），superoxide dismutase （SOD）] in brain tissue were determined or observed in rats. The protein expressions of B lymphocytoma 2（Bcl-2），Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）and caspase- 3 in cerebral tissue were also detected. RESULTS Compared with normal group ，the score of nerve function ，5 kinds of serum indexes （TC，TG，LDL-C，TNF-α，IL-1β）， hemorheology indexes ，the contents of MDA and NO and protein expressions of Bax and caspase- 3 in cerebral tissue were all increased significantly in model group （P＜0.01）. The levels of HDL-C and IL- 10 in serum ，SOD activity and protein expression of Bcl- 2 in cerebral tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.01），and obvious lesions such as nuclear pyknosis and cell membrane fragmentation occurred in brain tissue. Compared with model group ，above indexes of administration groups were improved to different extents ，among which there was statistical significance in above indexes of G. sinensis saponin high-dose group （P＜ 0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Saponin from G. sinensis has a good protective effect on ISPBS model rats. Its mechanism may beassociated with reducing oxidative damage ， reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and resisting neuronal apoptosis.

Death is the last transitional rite in the life process. Whether for the life state, family ethics or social relations of both the dead or the living, death indicates a major change and hides a certain crisis. The bio-health narrative concept puts forward that any transitional rite of life process requires narrative intervention and narrative care, as does death. Under the guidance of the concept, the profession of narrative death-doula came into being. Using the narrative concept as a framework, hospice narrative doulas provide emotional, physical, mental support to the terminal stage subjects and their families by accompanying the dying at close range, listening to their life stories, helping them record and dictate their autobiographies, reconstructing and repairing interpersonal narrative connections, and even planning funeral details with the dying. The death narrative doulas will create a personalized and humanized ritual and process around death, restore the spirituality and humanity which has been lost in the modern medical context to death itself.