Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of ABO and Rh blood group antigen phenotypes among blood donors in the Yantai, Shandong. Methods: Blood samples from 310 180 voluntary blood donors in Yantai collected from January 2019 to December 2023 were tested for ABO and Rh blood group antigens using standard serological methods. RhD-negative samples were further typed for C, c, E, and e antigens. Population genetic analysis of blood groups was performed: allele frequencies were inferred from ABO phenotypes, and Rh allele/haplotype frequencies were estimated based on the proportion of RhD-negative donors and CcEe antigen typing, followed by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing. Results: The phenotypic distribution frequency of ABO blood groups was B(32.72%)>O(28.93%)>A(27.65%)>AB(10.70%). The inferred allele frequencies were r(53.74%)>q(24.78%)>p(21.48%), consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). A total of 1 872 Rh-negative donors (0.603%) were identified. The most common Rh phenotypes were ccdee (59.56%) and Ccdee (30.18%). The distribution of Rh antigen phenotypes deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ =37.15, P<0.001), with the cde haplotype showing the highest frequency. There was no statistically significant difference in ABO blood group distribution between RhD-positive and RhD-negative donors (P>0.05). Conclusion: The ABO blood group distribution among voluntary blood donors in Yantai is generally stable and consistent with population genetic equilibrium, whereas the Rh antigen phenotype distribution deviates from equilibrium, indicating potential underlying genetic structural differences.

Objective:To analyze the patterns of change of brain function among civil pilots in prospective memory tasks by using task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a cue-based repetitive search task.Methods:A total of 85 subjects were enrolled, including 47 civil pilots (pilot group) and 38 ordinary workers (control group). The task-state fMRI data during the execution of the prospective memory task was analyzed using a general linear model to find out about the activation patterns of brain functions in the 2 groups in the 3 phases of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of the prospective memory task. The differences in activation patterns between the 2 groups and correlations between regions of interest and the rate of accuracy, reaction time and flying hours were analyzed.Results:The repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were no interactions of reaction time or of the rate of accuracy between the task and grouping ( P>0.05), and that the difference in the main effect of grouping was significant ( F=5.67, 15.46, P=0.020, <0.001). The difference in the main effect of grouping on the rate of accuracy was significant ( F=5.42, P=0.022), and the rate of accuracy in the pilot group was higher than in the control group ( P=0.048). In the phase of encoding, the activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and temporal lobe regions decreased in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.68-4.13, all P<0.05), while the activation in the fusiform gyrus and the right parietal superior gyrus increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.28, 3.35, 3.02, P=0.038, 0.024, 0.042). During the phase of maintenance, the pilot group showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyri, and the right middle temporal gyrus compared with the control group ( t=2.24-3.36, P<0.05 or 0.01). In the retrieval phase, activation in the right peri-calcarine cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, and bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri was enhanced in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.57-3.35, all P<0.05), especially in the right middle frontal gyrus ( t=3.12, P=0.007). In the encoding phase, activation was increased in the left fusiform gyrus and right parietal superior gyrus of the pilot group, which was positively correlated with flying hours in the last 3 months ( r=0.347, 0.418, P=0.020, 0.005). Conclusions:Due to long-term flights, the way in which such regions as the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and default mode network are activated in civil pilots is likely to undergo some changes during prospective memory activities, which is why they have higher processing efficiency when performing prospective memory tasks.

Stem-leaf saponins from Panax notoginseng (SLSP) comprise numerous PPD-type saponins with diverse pharmacological properties; however, their role in Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of SLSP on suppressing microglia-driven neuroinflammation in experimental PD models, including the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP)-induced mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Our findings revealed that SLSP mitigated behavioral impairments and excessive microglial activation in models of PD, including MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, SLSP inhibited the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and attenuated the phosphorylation of PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), and inhibitor of NFκB protein α (IκBα) both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, SLSP suppressed the production of inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Notably, the P2Y2R agonist partially reversed the inhibitory effects of SLSP in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. These results suggest that SLSP inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in experimental PD models, likely through the P2Y2R/PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway. These novel findings indicate that SLSP may offer therapeutic potential for PD by attenuating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
Animals ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Microglia/immunology* ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/immunology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/immunology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy* ; Humans

Objective To explore the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS)combined with dual-task training(DTT)on upper limb function recovery in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods From January to October,2024,60 ischemic stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction admitted to Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center were selected and randomly divided into control group(n=30)and observation group(n=30).Both groups received conventional rehabilitation training.The control group underwent sham-taVNS combined with DTT,while the observation group received active taVNS combined with DTT,for four weeks.Before and after treatment,they were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE),Action Research Arm Test(ARAT),modified Barthel Index(MBI)and motor-evoked potential(MEP)tests.Results The FMA-UE scores,ARAT scores,MBI scores,MEP amplitude and MEP latency improved in both groups af-ter treatment(|t|>3.670,P<0.01),and were superior in the observation group than in the control group(|t|>3.081,P<0.01).Conclusion The combination of taVNS and DTT can significantly improve upper limb function,enhance activities of daily living,and promote neurological recovery in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the effects of Sini Powder on serum hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis-related hormones and inflammatory factors in liver cancer mice with comorbid depression,and to evaluate its effect on depressive behavior and tumor proliferation activity.Methods Forty-eight specific pathogen-free female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a blank(n=8)or model group(n=40).The modeling group was subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)for six weeks.Both groups underwent orthotopically transplanted liver tumor surgery at the end of the fourth week of CUMS treatment.At the end of the sixth week of CUMS treatment,color Doppler ultrasonography was used to observe tumor formation in the orthotopic transplantation liver tumors,and the tail suspension test was used to assess depressive behavior.Non-tumor-bearing and deceased mice were excluded.The remaining model group mice were stratified by tail suspension immobility time and randomly assigned to the following groups:model group(distilled water),Fluoxetine group(5.0 mg/kg),and Sini Powder low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups(5.2,10.4,and 20.8 g/kg,respectively),with six mice per group.The treatments were administered once daily for 21 consecutive days.After treatment,depressive behaviors were assessed using the open field,tail suspension,and forced swimming tests.The proliferation status of the orthotopic liver transplantation tumor was evaluated by measuring the size of the tumor,observing pathological changes in the tumor tissue through hematoxylin and eosin staining,and detecting the positive cell rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(Ki-67)in the tumor tissue using immunohistochemistry.The levels of HPA axis-related hormones in serum,such as corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),corticosterone(CORT),as well as inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Western blotting was used to assess mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPKs)phosphorylation and the expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing receptor 3(NLRP3),and cysteine aspartic protease-1(Caspase-1)in orthotopic tumors.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group showed reduced total distance traveled in open field test,prolonged immobility times in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests(P<0.05,P<0.01),indicating successful establishment of the liver cancer with comorbid depression mice model.Also,the model group showed increased orthotopic tumor volume(P<0.01),and elevated serum CRH,ACTH,CORT,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.01).The phosphorylation of MAPKs in tumor tissues was suppressed(P<0.01),while NF-κB,NLRP3,and Caspase-1 expression levels were downregulated(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,Sini Powder medium-and high-dose groups exhibited increased total distance traveled in the open field test(P<0.05),reduced forced swimming test and prolonged total distance traveled in open field test(P<0.01),while Sini Powder high-dose group showed reduced immobility times in the tail suspension test(P<0.05).Also,Sini Powder low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups showed slower tumor growth,histological changes,including vacuolization and necrosis,decreased Ki-67 positive cell rate(P<0.01),and reduced serum CRH,ACTH,CORT,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.05).Additionally,the phosphorylation of MAPKs in tumor tissues was suppressed(P<0.01),and NF-κB,NLRP3,and caspase-1 expression levels were downregulated(P<0.01).Conclusion Sini Powder may alleviate depressive behaviors and suppress tumor proliferation activity in liver cancer mice with comorbid depression by modulating MAPKs activation,inhibiting NF-κB,NLRP3,and Caspase-1 expressions,and reducing serum inflammatory factors and HPA axis-related hormones levels.

Objective:To analyze the patterns of change of brain function among civil pilots in prospective memory tasks by using task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a cue-based repetitive search task.Methods:A total of 85 subjects were enrolled, including 47 civil pilots (pilot group) and 38 ordinary workers (control group). The task-state fMRI data during the execution of the prospective memory task was analyzed using a general linear model to find out about the activation patterns of brain functions in the 2 groups in the 3 phases of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of the prospective memory task. The differences in activation patterns between the 2 groups and correlations between regions of interest and the rate of accuracy, reaction time and flying hours were analyzed.Results:The repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were no interactions of reaction time or of the rate of accuracy between the task and grouping ( P>0.05), and that the difference in the main effect of grouping was significant ( F=5.67, 15.46, P=0.020, <0.001). The difference in the main effect of grouping on the rate of accuracy was significant ( F=5.42, P=0.022), and the rate of accuracy in the pilot group was higher than in the control group ( P=0.048). In the phase of encoding, the activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and temporal lobe regions decreased in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.68-4.13, all P<0.05), while the activation in the fusiform gyrus and the right parietal superior gyrus increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.28, 3.35, 3.02, P=0.038, 0.024, 0.042). During the phase of maintenance, the pilot group showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyri, and the right middle temporal gyrus compared with the control group ( t=2.24-3.36, P<0.05 or 0.01). In the retrieval phase, activation in the right peri-calcarine cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, and bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri was enhanced in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.57-3.35, all P<0.05), especially in the right middle frontal gyrus ( t=3.12, P=0.007). In the encoding phase, activation was increased in the left fusiform gyrus and right parietal superior gyrus of the pilot group, which was positively correlated with flying hours in the last 3 months ( r=0.347, 0.418, P=0.020, 0.005). Conclusions:Due to long-term flights, the way in which such regions as the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and default mode network are activated in civil pilots is likely to undergo some changes during prospective memory activities, which is why they have higher processing efficiency when performing prospective memory tasks.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and survival rate of nasopharynx cancer (NPC) in Guangdong Province from 2011 to 2019.Methods:Based on the cancer registry data of Guangdong Province from 2011 to 2019, the crude rate, age-standardized rate (the standard population was the fifth Chinese national census of 2000) and age-specific rate of incidence and mortality of NPC were calculated, and the regional distribution characteristics were also explored. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the incidence and mortality rates were analyzed by using Joinpoint regression model. The observed survival rate was estimated by period survival method, and the expected survival rate was calculated by Ederer Ⅱ method.Results:The crude incidence rate and age standardized incidence rate of NPC showed a decreasing trend, and the AAPC was -1.9% and -2.1%, respectively ( P＜0.05). The crude mortality rate and age standardized mortality rate of NPC also showed a decreasing trend, and the AAPC was -4.8% and -4.6%, respectively ( P＜0.05). The incidence and mortality rates are both higher in men than those in women during the nine years. The age-specific incidence rate of NPC reached its peak in the 50-64 years old age group, and the mortality rate reached its peak in the 65-74 years old age group in Guangdong province. In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of NPC was 9.49/100 000 (13.89/100 000 in men and 5.19/100 000 in women). The incidence and mortality of NPC varied greatly among different areas, and the areas with highest incidence and mortality rate were both in Zhaoqing. In 2020, the five-year observed survival rate of NPC in Guangdong Province was 67.2%, the 5-year relative survival rate was 75.3% and the 5-year standardized relative survival rate was 68.9%. Conclusions:Both the incidence and mortality rates of NPC in Guangdong province show decreasing trend, and the decreasing level of the mortality rate is higher than that of the incidence rate, but the two rates are still at high levels. The prevention and control work should focus on male, middle-aged and elderly population and Zhaoqing, Zhongshan, Foshan areas.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

Objective:To explore the effect of immobility on the quality of life in older adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 244 consecutive elderly patients aged 60 years and older who were admitted to the Department of Geriatrics at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from May 2022 to March 2023.Among the participants, 52.5%(128/244)were male and 47.5%(116/244)were female, with a mean age of 69.2±7.4 years.All participants underwent a series of assessments, including the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), grip strength measurement, gait speed evaluation, and the Timed Up and Go test(TUG).The Barthel Index was employed to assess activities of daily living, while the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)was used to evaluate quality of life.A score of SPPB ≤ 9 was used to diagnose immobility.Results:A total of 60 older adults met the criteria for immobility.Compared to the non-immobility group, the quality-of-life scores for older adults in the immobility group were significantly lower across various dimensions, including physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, physical component summary, and the total SF-36 score(all P<0.05).Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the SPPB scores and the quality-of-life scores across the dimensions of physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, mental health, reported health transition, physical component summary, and the total SF-36 score among patients in the immobility group(all P<0.05).Additionally, older adults in the immobility group exhibited lower grip strength, slower gait speed, and longer TUG times, as well as a higher incidence of emergencies and falls over the past year(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The poorer quality of life and physical function, along with higher rates of emergencies and falls among older adults with immobility, indicate the necessity of addressing the health consequences that immobility inflicts on this population.

Objective:To explore the effect of immobility on the quality of life in older adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 244 consecutive elderly patients aged 60 years and older who were admitted to the Department of Geriatrics at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from May 2022 to March 2023.Among the participants, 52.5%(128/244)were male and 47.5%(116/244)were female, with a mean age of 69.2±7.4 years.All participants underwent a series of assessments, including the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), grip strength measurement, gait speed evaluation, and the Timed Up and Go test(TUG).The Barthel Index was employed to assess activities of daily living, while the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)was used to evaluate quality of life.A score of SPPB ≤ 9 was used to diagnose immobility.Results:A total of 60 older adults met the criteria for immobility.Compared to the non-immobility group, the quality-of-life scores for older adults in the immobility group were significantly lower across various dimensions, including physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, physical component summary, and the total SF-36 score(all P<0.05).Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the SPPB scores and the quality-of-life scores across the dimensions of physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, mental health, reported health transition, physical component summary, and the total SF-36 score among patients in the immobility group(all P<0.05).Additionally, older adults in the immobility group exhibited lower grip strength, slower gait speed, and longer TUG times, as well as a higher incidence of emergencies and falls over the past year(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The poorer quality of life and physical function, along with higher rates of emergencies and falls among older adults with immobility, indicate the necessity of addressing the health consequences that immobility inflicts on this population.