This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and trends of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among inpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in a children′s hospital in Shenzhen City inpatients from 2020 to 2023. From January 2020 to December 2023, multiple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis technology was used to detect the nucleic acids of 12 respiratory pathogens, including RSV, in hospitalized children diagnosed with ARI. The patients were divided into six age groups: 0 to <6 months, 6 months to <1 year, 1 to <2 years, 2 to <5 years, 5 to <10 years, and 10 to <18 years. A total of 53 033 children were tested, including 6 830 RSV positive cases, with an overall positivity rate of 12.88%. The annual RSV positivity rates from 2020 to 2023 were 20.04%, 16.18%, 4.89%, and 13.33%, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the years ( χ2=1 185.994, P<0.001). The positive rate of RSV detection decreased with increasing age across all years (all P trend<0.05). From 2020 to 2023, the proportion of RSV-positive cases aged 2 to 5 years and older showed an increasing trend ( P trend<0.001 for all years). Compared to 2023, the median age of RSV-infected children was lower in 2020 ( Z=7.826, P<0.001) and 2021 ( Z=6.106, P<0.001). The proportion of severe infections requiring ICU admission did not change significantly across all years ( χ2=0.179, P=0.981). The RSV epidemic season in 2020 mainly occurred during 28-43 weeks, and in 2021, it spanned from 22-43 weeks. However, in 2022, the season was delayed until the 49th week and lasted for three weeks. In 2023, the seasonal epidemic appeared earlier, starting in the 14th week and lasting for 28 weeks. From 2020 to 2023, the rate of RSV co-infections with other pathogens (mycoplasma pneumoniae, human parainfluenza virus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza A) significantly increased (all P trend<0.01). In conclusion, the epidemiological characteristics of RSV infections in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital changed from 2020 to 2023. In 2022, there were only delayed, low-intensity and short-lived seasonal epidemics. However, in 2023, there was an earlier and prolonged epidemic, with increased infections in children aged 2 to 5 years and older and a rise in co-infections, while the proportion of severe infections requiring ICU admission remained unchanged.

Objective To exploring the drug rules for treating children's night cough based on the theory of"Shaoyang as the pivot".Methods 189 cases of children with night cough were included,and 224 prescriptions.Used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Assistance Platform to analyze the time distribution,syndrome types,and four nature,five flavors,and channel tropism of diseases.Used frequency statistics,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis to extract drug patterns for pediatric night cough.Results Coughing occured most frequently during the Yin period.The syndrome type was mainly Shaoyang syndrome.The high-frequency core drugs were Chaihu,Huangqin,and Banxia,etc..The prescription characteristics were Xiaochaihu decoction without Renshen,Shengjiang,and Dazao,and added Wuweizi,Danggui and Xingren.The drugs were used flexibly according to the syndromes:Maxing Er San decoction was added to the phlegm and drink syndrome,Qumai Er Chen decoction was added to the food stagnation syndrome,Sijunzi decoction was added to the qi deficiency syndrome,Maiwei Dihuang decoction was added to the yin deficiency syndrome,and Weijing decoction was added to the phlegm and heat syndrome.Conclusion Based on the basic principle of harmonizing Shaoyang,and according to the disease mechanism,the classical prescription is flexibly used,forming a night cough treatment system based on the"Shaoyang as the pivot"theory,with distinct clinical characteristics.

Objective:To explore the genetic testing outcomes of a fetal family with Thyroid secretion disorder type 5 (TDH5) and familial Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and to clarify the association between clinical manifestations and genetic variations.Methods:One case of a TDH5 combined with familiar NF1 fetus treated at Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital in January 2024 was selected as the research subject. The clinical and family history data of the fetus were collected by retrospective research method. 10-15 mL of fetal amniotic fluid, and 2-3 mL of peripheral blood from the parents, sister, and grandfather of the fetus were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted for trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES). The Sanger sequencing was utilized to validate candidate variants for family verification. According to the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation and Reporting of Sequence Variants of the American Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) (hereafter referred to as the ACMG guidelines), the pathogenicity of the detected variants was classified. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital [Ethics No.(2021)GSFY(65)].Results:The fetal ultrasound indicated the nuchal translucency (NT) thickening, and the thyroid function test results of the sister showed an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone and a decrease in free thyroid hormone. Simultaneously, there were cafe-au-lait macules of various sizes in multiple parts of the body of the sister, and the mother had a similar cafe-au-lait macules phenotype. The trio-WES results revealed that there was a c. 413dupA(p.Tyr138*) frameshift mutation in exon 4 and c. 573G>A(p.Trp191*) nonsense mutation in exon 5 of the fetal DUOXA2, which were inherited from the mother and father, respectively. In accordance with the ACMG guidelines, they were classified as pathogenic variant (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PM3) and likely pathogenic variant (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting), respectively. And the nonsense mutation c. 6972C>A(p.Tyr2264*) was detected in exon 46 of the NF1 in the fetus, inherited from the mother. The genetic testing results of the first sister and proband in this case were consistent, and the DUOXA2 and NF1 of the second sister were both wild-type. According to the ACMG guidelines, c.6972C>A(p.Tyr2264*) was classified as pathogenic variant (PVS1+ PS4_Supporting+ PP4+ PM2_Supporting). Conclusion:The mutations in the DUOXA2 gene c. 413dupA(p.Tyr138*) and c. 573G>A(p.Trp191*), and the NF1 gene c. 6972C>A(p.Tyr2264*) might be the genetic causes of TDH5 combined with familiar NF1 in proband. The discovery of the DUOXA2 gene c. 573G>A(p.Trp191*) enriches the spectrum of pathogenic gene variations.

Objective:To analyze the association of physical activity (PA) levels with the cognitive function and mental health among health check-up population.Methods:It is a cross-sectional study. The data from 869 health check-up population were consecutively collected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), educational years, medical history and personal history. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to evaluate the PA levels, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was performed to assess the global cognitive function, and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) was used to screen for depression and generalized anxiety, respectively. Laboratory examination of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and remnant cholesterol (RC). The differences in general data, scale evaluation, and lipid metabolism-related biomarkers were compared among three groups [sufficiently active group:≥600 (metabolic equivalent,MET)-min/week, insufficiently active group: 1-599 MET-min/week, and inactive group: 0 MET-min/week]. The multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the PA or sitting time and MoCA, PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores, respectively.Results:A total of 869 health check-up population was finally included, with the age of (51.22±10.09) years old; among these, 545 patients were men (62.72%), 324 cases were women (37.28%), 153 cases with cognitive impairment (17.61%). Participants in sufficiently active group had lower WHR [(0.88±0.07) vs (0.89±0.07)], sitting time [7.00 (4.00, 10.00) vs 10.00 (6.00, 12.00) h], PHQ-9 [2.00 (0, 5.00) vs 3.00 (0, 7.00) scores], GAD-7 [2.00 (0, 4.00) vs 3.00 (0, 6.00) scores], and sdLDL levels [0.93 (0.60, 1.32) vs 1.09 (0.70, 1.45) mmol/L] than those in inactive group (all corrected P<0.05). Population in sufficiently active group was older than those in insufficiently active group[(52.10±9.90) vs (49.88±9.88) years], and had lower BMI [(25.73±3.82) vs (26.13±3.54) kg/m 2], WHR [(0.88±0.07) vs (0.90±0.07)], proportion in medical history of alcohol consumption (14.46% vs 23.61%), sitting time [7.00 (4.00, 10.00) vs 9.15 (6.00, 12.00) h], PHQ-9 [2.00 (0, 5.00) vs 3.00 (0, 5.00) scores], and GAD-7 [2.00 (0, 4.00) vs 2.00 (0, 5.00) scores] than those in insufficiently active group (all corrected P<0.05). The sitting time ( β=-0.081, 95% CI:-0.134, -0.028), age ( β=-0.089, 95% CI:-0.111, -0.067), and WHR ( β=-7.069, 95% CI:-11.667, -2.472) were negatively correlated with the MoCA scores; the PA levels ( β=-1.06×10 -4, 95% CI:-1.06×10 -4, -3.05×10 -5), age ( β=-0.077, 95% CI:-0.106, -0.049), BMI ( β=-0.098,95% CI:-0.192, -0.005), educational years ( β=-0.090, 95% CI:-0.151, -0.029), and HDL-C levels ( β=-4.236, 95% CI:-6.171, -2.301) were negatively correlated with the elevation of PHQ-9 scores, while the PA ( β=-9.14×10 -6, 95% CI:-6.76×10 -6, 8.58×10 -5), age ( β=-0.089, 95% CI:-0.118, -0.060), and HDL-C levels ( β=-3.442, 95% CI:-5.403, -1.480) were negatively correlated with the of GAD-7 scores (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Decreased physical activity level significantly increases the risk of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment among health check-up population, suggesting that early screen for physical activity and active intervention for exercise and sedentary behavior are of great significance for preventing cognitive decline, anxiety and depression.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic testing outcomes of a fetal family with Thyroid dyshormonogenesis type 5 (TDH5) and familial Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and to clarify the association between clinical manifestations and genetic variations. METHODS: One case of a TDH5 combined with familiar NF1 fetus treated at Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital in January 2024 was selected as the research subject. The clinical and family history data of the fetus were collected by retrospective research method. 10-15 mL of fetal amniotic fluid, and 2-3 mL of peripheral blood from the parents, sister, and grandfather of the fetus were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted for trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES). The Sanger sequencing was utilized to validate candidate variants for family verification. According to the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation and Reporting of Sequence Variants of the American Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) (hereafter referred to as the ACMG guidelines), the pathogenicity of the detected variants was classified. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital [Ethics No.（2021）GSFY（65）]. RESULTS: The fetal ultrasound indicated the nuchal translucency (NT) thickening, and the thyroid function test results of the sister showed an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone and a decrease in free thyroid hormone. Simultaneously, there were cafe-au-lait macules of various sizes in multiple parts of the body of the sister, and the mother had a similar cafe-au-lait macules phenotype. The trio-WES results revealed that there was a c.413dupA (p.Tyr138*) frameshift mutation in exon4 and c.573G>A (p.Trp191*) nonsense mutation in exon5 of the fetal DUOXA2, which were inherited from the mother and father, respectively. In accordance with the ACMG guidelines, they were classified as pathogenic variant (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PM3) and likely pathogenic variant (PVS1+PM2_Supporting), respectively. And the nonsense mutation c.6972C>A (p.Tyr2264*) was detected in exon46 of the NF1 in the fetus, inherited from the mother maternal grandfather. The genetic testing results of the first sister and proband in this case were consistent, and the DUOXA2 and NF1 of the second sister were both wild-type. According to the ACMG guidelines, c.6972C>A (p.Tyr2264 *) was classified as pathogenic variant (PVS1+PS4_Supporting+PP4+PM2_Supporting). CONCLUSION The mutations in the DUOXA2 gene c.413dupA (p.Tyr138*) and c.573G>A (p.Trp191*), and the NF1 gene c.6972C>A (p.Tyr2264*) might be the genetic causes of TDH5 combined with familiar NF1 in proband. The discovery of the DUOXA2 gene c.573G>A (p.Trp191*) enriches the spectrum of pathogenic gene variations.
Humans ; Female ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Neurofibromatosis 1/complications* ; Male ; Genetic Testing ; Adult ; Thyroid Dysgenesis/genetics* ; Fetus ; Exome Sequencing ; Mutation

Objective:To explore the genetic testing outcomes of a fetal family with Thyroid secretion disorder type 5 (TDH5) and familial Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and to clarify the association between clinical manifestations and genetic variations.Methods:One case of a TDH5 combined with familiar NF1 fetus treated at Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital in January 2024 was selected as the research subject. The clinical and family history data of the fetus were collected by retrospective research method. 10-15 mL of fetal amniotic fluid, and 2-3 mL of peripheral blood from the parents, sister, and grandfather of the fetus were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted for trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES). The Sanger sequencing was utilized to validate candidate variants for family verification. According to the Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation and Reporting of Sequence Variants of the American Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) (hereafter referred to as the ACMG guidelines), the pathogenicity of the detected variants was classified. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital [Ethics No.(2021)GSFY(65)].Results:The fetal ultrasound indicated the nuchal translucency (NT) thickening, and the thyroid function test results of the sister showed an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone and a decrease in free thyroid hormone. Simultaneously, there were cafe-au-lait macules of various sizes in multiple parts of the body of the sister, and the mother had a similar cafe-au-lait macules phenotype. The trio-WES results revealed that there was a c. 413dupA(p.Tyr138*) frameshift mutation in exon 4 and c. 573G>A(p.Trp191*) nonsense mutation in exon 5 of the fetal DUOXA2, which were inherited from the mother and father, respectively. In accordance with the ACMG guidelines, they were classified as pathogenic variant (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PM3) and likely pathogenic variant (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting), respectively. And the nonsense mutation c. 6972C>A(p.Tyr2264*) was detected in exon 46 of the NF1 in the fetus, inherited from the mother. The genetic testing results of the first sister and proband in this case were consistent, and the DUOXA2 and NF1 of the second sister were both wild-type. According to the ACMG guidelines, c.6972C>A(p.Tyr2264*) was classified as pathogenic variant (PVS1+ PS4_Supporting+ PP4+ PM2_Supporting). Conclusion:The mutations in the DUOXA2 gene c. 413dupA(p.Tyr138*) and c. 573G>A(p.Trp191*), and the NF1 gene c. 6972C>A(p.Tyr2264*) might be the genetic causes of TDH5 combined with familiar NF1 in proband. The discovery of the DUOXA2 gene c. 573G>A(p.Trp191*) enriches the spectrum of pathogenic gene variations.

Objective:To analyze the association of physical activity (PA) levels with the cognitive function and mental health among health check-up population.Methods:It is a cross-sectional study. The data from 869 health check-up population were consecutively collected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), educational years, medical history and personal history. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to evaluate the PA levels, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was performed to assess the global cognitive function, and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) was used to screen for depression and generalized anxiety, respectively. Laboratory examination of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and remnant cholesterol (RC). The differences in general data, scale evaluation, and lipid metabolism-related biomarkers were compared among three groups [sufficiently active group:≥600 (metabolic equivalent,MET)-min/week, insufficiently active group: 1-599 MET-min/week, and inactive group: 0 MET-min/week]. The multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the PA or sitting time and MoCA, PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores, respectively.Results:A total of 869 health check-up population was finally included, with the age of (51.22±10.09) years old; among these, 545 patients were men (62.72%), 324 cases were women (37.28%), 153 cases with cognitive impairment (17.61%). Participants in sufficiently active group had lower WHR [(0.88±0.07) vs (0.89±0.07)], sitting time [7.00 (4.00, 10.00) vs 10.00 (6.00, 12.00) h], PHQ-9 [2.00 (0, 5.00) vs 3.00 (0, 7.00) scores], GAD-7 [2.00 (0, 4.00) vs 3.00 (0, 6.00) scores], and sdLDL levels [0.93 (0.60, 1.32) vs 1.09 (0.70, 1.45) mmol/L] than those in inactive group (all corrected P<0.05). Population in sufficiently active group was older than those in insufficiently active group[(52.10±9.90) vs (49.88±9.88) years], and had lower BMI [(25.73±3.82) vs (26.13±3.54) kg/m 2], WHR [(0.88±0.07) vs (0.90±0.07)], proportion in medical history of alcohol consumption (14.46% vs 23.61%), sitting time [7.00 (4.00, 10.00) vs 9.15 (6.00, 12.00) h], PHQ-9 [2.00 (0, 5.00) vs 3.00 (0, 5.00) scores], and GAD-7 [2.00 (0, 4.00) vs 2.00 (0, 5.00) scores] than those in insufficiently active group (all corrected P<0.05). The sitting time ( β=-0.081, 95% CI:-0.134, -0.028), age ( β=-0.089, 95% CI:-0.111, -0.067), and WHR ( β=-7.069, 95% CI:-11.667, -2.472) were negatively correlated with the MoCA scores; the PA levels ( β=-1.06×10 -4, 95% CI:-1.06×10 -4, -3.05×10 -5), age ( β=-0.077, 95% CI:-0.106, -0.049), BMI ( β=-0.098,95% CI:-0.192, -0.005), educational years ( β=-0.090, 95% CI:-0.151, -0.029), and HDL-C levels ( β=-4.236, 95% CI:-6.171, -2.301) were negatively correlated with the elevation of PHQ-9 scores, while the PA ( β=-9.14×10 -6, 95% CI:-6.76×10 -6, 8.58×10 -5), age ( β=-0.089, 95% CI:-0.118, -0.060), and HDL-C levels ( β=-3.442, 95% CI:-5.403, -1.480) were negatively correlated with the of GAD-7 scores (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Decreased physical activity level significantly increases the risk of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment among health check-up population, suggesting that early screen for physical activity and active intervention for exercise and sedentary behavior are of great significance for preventing cognitive decline, anxiety and depression.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and trends of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among inpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in a children′s hospital in Shenzhen City inpatients from 2020 to 2023. From January 2020 to December 2023, multiple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis technology was used to detect the nucleic acids of 12 respiratory pathogens, including RSV, in hospitalized children diagnosed with ARI. The patients were divided into six age groups: 0 to <6 months, 6 months to <1 year, 1 to <2 years, 2 to <5 years, 5 to <10 years, and 10 to <18 years. A total of 53 033 children were tested, including 6 830 RSV positive cases, with an overall positivity rate of 12.88%. The annual RSV positivity rates from 2020 to 2023 were 20.04%, 16.18%, 4.89%, and 13.33%, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the years ( χ2=1 185.994, P<0.001). The positive rate of RSV detection decreased with increasing age across all years (all P trend<0.05). From 2020 to 2023, the proportion of RSV-positive cases aged 2 to 5 years and older showed an increasing trend ( P trend<0.001 for all years). Compared to 2023, the median age of RSV-infected children was lower in 2020 ( Z=7.826, P<0.001) and 2021 ( Z=6.106, P<0.001). The proportion of severe infections requiring ICU admission did not change significantly across all years ( χ2=0.179, P=0.981). The RSV epidemic season in 2020 mainly occurred during 28-43 weeks, and in 2021, it spanned from 22-43 weeks. However, in 2022, the season was delayed until the 49th week and lasted for three weeks. In 2023, the seasonal epidemic appeared earlier, starting in the 14th week and lasting for 28 weeks. From 2020 to 2023, the rate of RSV co-infections with other pathogens (mycoplasma pneumoniae, human parainfluenza virus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza A) significantly increased (all P trend<0.01). In conclusion, the epidemiological characteristics of RSV infections in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital changed from 2020 to 2023. In 2022, there were only delayed, low-intensity and short-lived seasonal epidemics. However, in 2023, there was an earlier and prolonged epidemic, with increased infections in children aged 2 to 5 years and older and a rise in co-infections, while the proportion of severe infections requiring ICU admission remained unchanged.

Objective:To prepare heparin (Hep)-modified gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres and to investigate their application in liver-targeted delivery of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs).Methods:GelMA microspheres were modified with Hep to obtain GelMA-Hep microspheres. The surface morphology of the GelMA-Hep microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The changes of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms on the surface of the GelMA-Hep microspheres were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface chemical group composition of the GelMA-Hep microspheres was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The swelling properties of the GelMA-Hep microspheres were detected by water absorption swelling experiment. Human liver HL-7702 cells transfected with lentivirus were co-cultured with GelMA, GelMA-dopamine (GelMA-dop) and GelMA-Hep microspheres. The effects of microspheres on cell proliferation activity were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 method and live/dead cell staining experiment. The adhesion of microspheres to cells was observed by confocal microscopy. The GelMA-Hep microspheres loaded with ADSCs were injected into C57BL/6 mice through the tail vein, and its efficiency of liver-targeted delivery of ADSCs was observed by a small animal in vivo imaging system. The data were compared by independent sample t test or one-way analysis of variance. Results:The GelMA-Hep microspheres were prepared by modifying the GelMA microspheres with Hep. Compared with the GelMA microspheres, the size of the GelMA-Hep microspheres did not change significantly, and the surface did not collapse and showed some crystalline particles. The binding energy of sulfur atoms on the surface of the GelMA-Hep microspheres increased from 166 eV to 168 eV. On the surface of the GelMA-Hep microspheres, the characteristic peaks of sulfonic acid and sulfate groups of Hep were detected at 1 490 cm ?1 and from 1 135 cm ?1 to 1 050 cm ?1, respectively. The swelling rate of the GelMA-dop microspheres was uniform, while the swelling rate of the GelMA microspheres and the GelMA-Hep microsphere was quite different, but the final swelling mass of the three microspheres tended to be consistent at 5 min. After 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of culture, the relative proliferation of cells in the GelMA-Hep group (1.61±0.29, 1.78±0.05, 2.27±0.08, 2.26±0.33) were higher than those in the negative control group (1.00±0.00, 1.28±0.06, 1.39±0.02, 1.41±0.04) (all P<0.05). After 36 h of culture, the relative proliferation of cells in the GelMA-Hep group was higher than that in the GelMA-dop group (1.63±0.21), with significant difference ( P<0.05). Live/dead cell staining experiment showed that after 12 h of cell culture in the GelMA-Hep group, only a few microspheres had cell adhesion; at 24 h, the cells were densely distributed on the surface of the microspheres. After 36 h, the number of cells increased further. At 48 h, live cells were distributed throughout the microspheres. Confocal microscopy showed that after 24 h of culture, cells adhered to the surface of the microspheres in the GelMA-Hep group and showed a stretched morphology. The liver of the GelMA-Hep+ADSCs group showed strong fluorescence at 0.5 h, and the fluorescence brightness continued to 48.0 h. The number of ADSCs reaching the liver was more than that of ADSCs group and GelMA+ADSCs group. Conclusions:GelMA-Hep microspheres were successfully prepared, which can improve the efficiency of liver-targeted delivery of ADSCs.